A scholarly survey of ancient northern Britain that reconstructs early civil history through critical examination of classical sources, chronicles, and archaeological evidence. It traces Roman campaigns and frontier systems, outlines the organization of the Roman province and its interactions with northern tribes, and assesses later incursions and administrative changes. Ethnological discussion considers tribal distribution, linguistic remnants, and territorial development, while maps and appendices illustrate mountain chains, island identifications, and surviving elements of the Pictish language. The author emphasizes source criticism, rejects spurious medieval narratives, and aims to establish a sound foundation for understanding the region's early historical framework.