I am a student and not a flatterer. I therefore confess to you frankly, ending these lectures, that I do not belong to that number of Europeans who most enthusiastically admire things American. I think that Americans in general, in North America as in South, so readily recognise in themselves a sufficient number of virtues, that we Europeans hardly need help them in the belief, easy and agreeable to all, that they stand first in the world. Having come from an old society, which has a long historical experience, the most vivid impression made upon me in the two Americas has been just that of entering into a society provided with but meagre historical experience, which therefore easily deludes itself, mistaking for signs of heroic energy and proofs of a finished superiority, the passing advantages of an order chiefly economic, which come from the singular economic condition of the world. In a word, I do not believe that you are superior to Europe in as many things as you think; but a superiority I do recognise, great and, for me at least, indisputable, in the political institutions with which you govern yourselves. The Republic, which you have made to live again, here in this new land, is the true political form worthy of a civilised people, because the only one that is rational and plastic; while the monarchy, the form of government yet ruling so many parts of Europe, is a mixture of mysticism and barbarity, which European interests seek in vain to justify with sophistries unworthy the high grade of culture to which the Continent has attained. To search out the reasons why the old Oriental monarchy holds on so tenaciously in Europe, still threatening the future, would be useless here; certain it is that, when you meet any European other than a Frenchman or a Swiss, you can feel yourselves as superior to him in political institutions as the Roman civis in the times of the Republic felt himself above the Asiatic slave of absolute monarchy. This superiority—never forget it!—you owe to Rome; for its possession, be grateful to the city that has encircled you with such glory, by infusing so tenacious a life into the "Respublica."
INDEX
Acrobats, the great number of, 218
Acte, the beautiful, 114
Actium,
the mistakes of Antony at, 60;
the peace after, 216
Ægean Islands, the vineyards of the, 200
Agriculture in Gaul, the extent of, 84
Agrippa,
the builder of the Pantheon, 103;
the successor of, 165
Agrippina,
the power of, 103;
the love of the Republic of, 114;
miraculous escape of, 120;
death of, 122
Alaric, the destruction caused by, 258
Alcohol, the distillers of, 26
Alesia,
the city of, 91, 94;
the battle at, 197
Alexander the Great, mentioned, 48
Alexandria, the position of, 15
Allier, the valley of the, 92
Alps,
the peoples beyond the, 20;
the fear of crossing the, 73
Ambitio of the ancients, the, 14
America, the discovery of,
Amor, the kingdom of, 25
Amores, the, by Ovid, 151
Amours, the, of Antony, 41
Amphore, the wine of the, 39
Ancient Rome, corruption in, 3 ff
Anglo-Saxons, traits of the, 197
Anicetus, the diabolical plan of, 119
Antony,
the history of, 37 ff;
the love of, 40;
meets Cleopatra, 44;
the bewilderment of, 57
Antifeminist reaction, the, 111
Antioch,
the departure for, 45;
the marriage at, 51
Antium, the return to, 119
Antonines, the power of the, 246
Aquileia, son of Julia born at, 155;
the trade in, 192
Arabia, part of, annexed, 49
Archæological discoveries, the effect of, 259
Archæologists, the discoveries of, 43
Archelaus, the revolt against, 166
Architectural effort at Rome, 134
Argentine Republic, the mention of, 86
Arles, a large market for wines, 192
Armenia, the revolt in, 161
Arras, the district of, 90
Arrianus, the work of, 199
Ars Armandi, the, by Ovid, 163
Artists, the numerous, of the East, 55
Asia Minor, the addition to the Empire of, 49
Asiatic civilisation, 17
Athens, the influence of, 202
Atrides, the legend of, 138
Attalus, King, 16; the bequest of, 187
Augustus, the age of, 25
Augustus Cæsar, lectures on, 3;
the wise laws of, 158;
troubles of, 176;
the death of, 209
Avaritia, the complaint of the, 14
B
Bacchante, a miserable, 155
Bacchus, the plant of, 182
Bætica, civilisation in, 72
Baiæ, the Court at, 119
Banquets, the, of ancient Rome, 7
Barbarian, the struggle against the, 34
Barbarism, the primitive, 254
Belgæ, the victory over the, 77
Beverages, in Roman history, 181 ff;
the growing use of, 186
Birrus of Laodicea, the, 88
Bismarck, mentioned, 64; compared to Cæsar, 247
Biturigi, the, a tribe of Gaul, 86
Black Sea, the country around, 182
Borebiste, a Gætic warrior, 191
Boulanger, a Roman, 41
Brennus, the conspirator, 130
Britannicus, the exclusion of, 103; the death of, 115
Brutus, the cult of, 243
Buddhist, the position of the, 236
Burrhus, the political work of, 104
C
Cadurci, a tribe of Gaul, 86
Cæsar, Caius, adopted by Augustus, 158;
the political position of, 160
Cæsar, Julius, the wisdom of, 72; mistakes of, 75
Cæsar, Lucius, adopted by Augustus, 158,
the popularity of, 164
Cæsars, the palaces of the, 7
Caleti, the, a tribe of Gaul, 86
California, grape-culture in, 187
Caligula, the death of, 115
Calumnies, the, about Julia, 174
Campania, the cities of, 218
Canals, the construction of, 213
Capri, the monster of, 155
Carmen Seculare, the, by Horace, 151
Carthusian, the patience of the, 91
Castles, the Roman, on the Rhine, 192
Catiline, the conspiracies of, 130
Cato, the love of tradition of, 105;
as a wine drinker, 184
Celt, the genius of the, 88
Cereals, the growth of, in Gaul, 85
Cervisia, the supplications of, 196
Champagne, the reputation of, 206
Chian, a cask of, for a banquet, 199
Christianity, the work and spreading of, 231 ff
Christians, the, in the time of Nero, 131
"Christofle," the making of, in Gaul, 91
Church, the position of the, 232
Cicero, the letters of, 74;
the influence of, 172
Civil wars, the impression of the, 148
Civis, the Roman, 264
Classic renaissance, the, 235
Claudii, the haughty line of the, 159
Claudius, Emperor, the death of, 103
Cleopatra, the legend of, 37 ff;
described, 40;
policy, of, 58
Clodia, the famous, 74
Collège de France, the, 3, 260
Columbus, mentioned, 71
Comitia, the election of the, 58
Commentaries, the, of Cæsar, 191
Conflagration, the, of Rome, 129
Corday, Charlotte, 63
Corruption of customs, the, 3
Costumes of Rome, the, 181
Cradle of Jesus, the, 166
Crassus, the demagogy of, 249
Cultivation, in Rome, 181
Cultus, a Gallic term, 91
Cydnus, the river, 39
D
Dalmatia, the malcontents at, 166
Danube provinces, the, 88, 91
Dechelette, the great work of, 91
Diamonds, the importation of, 220
Diocletian, the edict of, 88
Dion Cassius, the historian, 63, 80
Dionysius, the Greek judge, 183
Dionysos, the beverage of, 183
Dithyrambics, the, of Horace, 196
Drusus, mentioned, 93;
the exalted position of, 104
Duodecember, a fourteenth month, 79
Duruy, the apologies of, 243
Dynasty of Egypt, the, 215
E
"Eastern peril," the, 50
Economic strength, the, of Rome, 224
Economic unity, the, of the world, 236
Education, the laborious, 194
Egnatius Mecenius, the story of, 183
Egypt, the conquest of, 16, 46
Elagabalus, the splendour of, 6, 8
Elegies, the revolutionary, of Ovid, 152
Empire, the extent of the, 217
Ephesus, the city of, 219
Euthanasia, the death of the happy, 210
External policy, the, of Rome, 164
F
Fabius Pictor, the word of, 183
Falernian, the discovery of, 198
"First Citizen of the Republic," the, 157
Feminism, the increase of, in Rome, 108
"Festivals of Youth," the, at Rome, 124
Flavians, the power of the, 246
Flax, the cultivation of, 85
Folies Bergères, the, mentioned, 129
Fortuna, the, of the Romans 98
Forum, the impressive monument of the, 55
Franco-Prussian War, the, 202
Frankfurt, the treaty of, 202
Freedmen, the position of, 212
French Revolution, the, 205
Frontiers, the strengthening of the, 109
G
Gætic warrior, the rule of a, 191
Gæto-Thracian, the great empire of, 191
Gallia Narbonensis, the position of, 50
Gallic,
affairs, the midst of, 73;
roads, the network of, 213
Gallo-Roman villas, the, 87
Gambetta, the love letters of, 40
Gambrinus, the god, 202
Gaul,
the development of, 20, 69 ff.;
conquest of, 72;
the annexation of, 77;
the wealth of, 83
Gauls,
the irritation of the, 79;
the genius of the, 81
Genoa, the situation of, 23
German historians, the work of, 152
Germanicus, the historical importance of, 103
Germany, conditions in, 79, 165;
policy toward Rome, 166
Glass-making in Gaul, 90
Government, the, at Rome, 213
Governors, the position of the, 312
Gracchi, the struggle of the, 17
Græco-Latin civilisation, the, 72,235
Grape-culture, the spread of, 186
Grape harvest, the abundance of the, 185
Greatness and Decline of Rome, the, 10
Greece, the contact of Rome with, 185
Greek wines in Rome, 8
Gymnasium, the, at Alexandria, 55
H
Hannibal, the army of, 189
Harbours, the building of, 213
Hebrew people, the position of the, 166
Hellenist, an ardent, 58
Helvetia, customs in, 191
Helvetians, the, 74;
the attack on the, 75
Herculaneum, the city of, 218
Heritage of Rome, the, 261
Herod the Great, the death of, 166
History, as considered by Ferrero, 65
Horace, the invectives of, 23
Houssaye, Henri, mentioned, 41
I
Ides, the days of the, 9
Ierapolis, the prosperity of, 219
Ilium, the district of Troy, 50
India, the precious metals of, 30;
wine exported to, 200
Indo-Chinese, the commerce of the, 55
Inscriptions, the story left by the, 221
Istrian wine, the favourite of Livia, 199
J
Jerome, Saint, the story of, 78
Jeunesse dorée, the, of Rome, 124
Jewelry making in Gaul, 90
Jewels as a luxury, 31
Jews in France, the, 250
Jove, the temple of, 19
Judas, the mention of, 63
Judea, the revolt at, 166
Julia, the exile of, 137;
the episode of, 150;
discord with, 154;
unfaithfulness of, 157;
the accusation of, 170;
the fate of, 177
Julian, the laws of, 151
Julian-Claudian house, the power of the, 188
Jurisdiction of property, the, in Gaul, 84
Jurists, the influence of, 230
Juvenal, passages from, 90
K
Kalends, the days of the, 9
Karbin, mentioned, 50
Khorsabad, the palace of, 259
Knights, the social position of the, 212
Ladies, the, of Rome, 30
Langres, the district of, 90
Laodicea,
the birrus of, 88;
the city of, 219
Lares, the veneration of the, 190
Latin morals, the severity of, 61
Latin spirit, the similarity of the, 256
Laws of Julian, the, 151
Legislative reforms, the, 21
Leibach, the trade through, 192
Lepidus mentioned, 172
Letronne, the researches of, 45
Lex de adulteriis, the, 148
Lex de maritandis ordinibus, the, 147
Lex Julia de adulteriis, the, 169
Lex sumptuaria, the, 148
Libertine poet, a, in the year 8 B.C., 151
Licinius, the characteristics of, 79
Linen, the manufacture of, 219
Litterati, the many, 218
Livia,
the mother of Tiberius, 162;
the position of, 168
Livia, the House of, 7
Livy, the point of view of, 3
Lollia Paulina, the fame of, 9
Lucullus,
the rising power of, 18;
wine used by, 184
Lusitania, a mission to, 117
Luxuria, the desire of, 14
Luxury,
of Rome, 125;
spread of, 186
M
Macrobius, the writings of, 155
Mamertine, a kind of wine, 199
Mania, the all absorbing, of Nero, 128
Marcellus, the privileges accorded, 160
Marius, the revolution of, 18
Martial, passages from, 90
"Mass," the so-called, 182
Mater familias, the honour of, 39
Maurel, André, the writings of, 251
Mazzini, the great, 63
Mediterranean world, the vast, 97
Merchandise, the great interchange of, 218
Mesia, the metropolis of, 219
Messalina, the death of, 103
Middle Ages, the cathedrals of the, 140
Military power, the weakening of the, at Rome, 167
Military Republic, the, 136
Military triumph, the, of Rome, 197
Minos, the historic, 63
Mirabeau, the love letters of, 40
Mithridates, defeat of, 19;
the conquests of, 197
Mohammedan, the position of the, 236
Mommsen, the apologies of, 243
Morales, the two, at Rome, 155
Morini, the, a tribe in Gaul, 86
Mosca olearia, a new species of, 190
Municipia, the splendour of the, 110
Museum, the, at Alexandria, 55
Mythology, the imagination of, 197
N
Naiads, the maidens of Cleopatra dressed as, 40
Naples, the ruins of, 92;
the city of, 218
Naples, the Gulf of, 119
Napoleon I., mentioned, 63, 210
Natural History, the, by Pliny, 183
Nero, Emperor, 96,
elected, 103;
frivolity of, 105;
debauches of, 114;
the cowardice of, 121;
careless government of, 125;
St. Paul contrasted with, 133;
the suicide of, 135
Newspapers, the fortunate lack of, in Rome, 173
Nile, the Roman protectorate in the valley of the, 46
Nimes, the inhabitants of, 175
Nones, the days of the, 9
Notre Dame, the cathedral of, 140
Nuptial banquets, the cost of, 9
O
Octavia, divorce of, 40;
the wife of Nero, 124, 127
Oil, the exportation of, 218
Oligarchy, the, at Rome, 81
Olive groves, the wealth of the, 189
Olympus, the delights of, 59
Opimius, the consulate of, 198
Orient, the metropolises of the, 15
Oriental Empire, the, of Rome, 57
Oriental state, the conquest of an, 15
Orientalism, the invasion of, 225
Ostia, Tiberius starts for, 163
Ovid, the representatives of, 149;
the work of, 150
P
Paintings, of Pompeii, the, 229
Palatine, a journey to the, 7;
polygamy in, 118
Palestine, the annexation of, 49;
uprising in, 166
Pandataria, Julia, exiled to, 172, 177
Pannonia, the malcontents at, 166
Pannonians, the customs of the, 193
Pantheon, the, mentioned, 103
Parthians, the Empire of the, 167
Passum, as a drink, 183
Pater familias, the power of the, 172
Paul of Tarsus, a great and simple man, 131;
the persecution of, 134
Pax Romana, the, 4;
the extent of the, 210
Pearls, the importation of, 30, 220
Penetralia, the, of the home, 32
Pergamon, the city, 219
Pergamus, the kingdom of, 16, 187
Periplus of the Erytrian Sea, the, a manual, 199
Persia, the conquest of, 44
Philosophers, the many, 209
Philosophy, the ancient, of Rome, 233
Phylloxera, a new species of, 190
Piedmont, the peasants of, 187
Pinon, the imperialist, 251
Pisa, inscriptions at, 164
Piso, the conspiracy of, 135
Plutarch, description of, 39
Po, the valley of the, 192
Poetry, the, of Horace, 195
Poets, the position of, 9 B.C., 146
Political barrier, the, between Gaul and Rome, 84
Political events, the, of Rome, 33
Political personnel, the, of Rome, 217
Polybius, the period of, 183
Pompadour, the Marquise de, mentioned, 43
Pompeii, the ruins of, 92;
the city of, 218
Pompey, the conquests of, 19;
the theatre of, 55
Pontifex maximus, the title of, 232
Pontus, salted fish from the, 8
Poppæa Sabina, the skill of, 116;
death of, 137
Populus, the representatives of the, 246
Pozzuoli, the city of, 218
Prætor, the office of the, 157
Precious metals, the distribution of, 218
Prætorian guards, the, 117
Prætorians, the influence of the, 104
Princeps, the authority of the, 188
Proconsuls, the, of Rome, 182
Procurator, the origin of the office of, 212
Proprietors, the government of the, 211
Prosperity, the growing, 148
Protestant, the present position of the, 236
Provinces, the peace in the, 176
Ptolemies, the, at Alexandria, 19
Ptolemies, the kingdom of the, 46
Public finance, the lack of, 144
Punic War, the Second, 3, 214
Q
Quæstor, the office of the, 211
Quintilius Varus, the governor of Syria, 166
Quintus Metullus Celerus, the consul, 74
R
Reinach, Joseph, the historian, 63
Republic, the last century of the, 14, 198
Respublica, the glory of the, 264
Revue de Paris, the, 63
Rheims, the vicinity of the city of, 206
Rhetian wine, the preference for, 199
Rhine, the river, 72
Roads, the construction of, 213
Rodi, Tiberius to go to, 162
Roman Catholic, the position of the, 236
Roman Empire, the dissolution of the, 140, 210
Roman history in modern education, 239
Roman nobility, the, 54
Roman protectorate, the, 46
Roman society, the dissolution of, 5
Romanism, the defence of, 111
Rome, in the beginning, 5
Romulus as a lawmaker, 183
Royal palaces, the closing of, 215
Ruteni, the, a tribe of Gaul, 86
S
Saint Mark, the wonder of, 140
Saintonge, the district of, 90
Savants, the, of the East, 55
Scipio Africanus, the work of, 153
Scipios, the policy of the, 226
Second Punic War, the, 3,214
Seine, the banks of the, 206
Sempronius Gracchus, a famous tribune, 56
Senate,
the Roman, 103;
sessions of the, 105
Seneca, the political work of, 104
Sesterces, the value of the Roman, 223
Sicily, the peasants of, 187
Sidon,
the artisans of, 88;
the city of, 219
Silk, the importation of, 220
Silver-plating, the art of, 228
Slaves, the abundance of, in Rome, 15
Slaves, the position of, 212
Social development, the, of the Roman Empire, 207 ff
Social laws, the, 148, 153
Socialists, the invectives of the, 250
Soldi, the hunt for, 173
Spain, the pro-consulship of, 184
Spartacus, the days of, 189
Stadium, the erection of the, at Rome, 125
State, the supervision of the, 24
Statues, the erection of, 152
Strabo, observations of, 85
Strenua inertia, the, 29
Suetonius, the ancient writer, 127
Sulla, the revolution of, 18
Sulmona, the birth of Ovid at, 149
Summer homes, the, at Naples, 120
Syria,
the annexation of, 73;
the conquest of, 16
T
Tacitus, the opinion of, 30, 152
Tarsus, Cleopatra at, 39
Terpnos, a zither-player, 105
Textile plants, in Gaul, 85
Theatres, the great demand for, 110
Theresa, Maria, mentioned, 43
Thracian slave, the escape of a, 189
Tiber, the banks of the, 203
Tiberius,
a great general, 7, 30, 93, 109, 145;
the life of, 153;
difficulties of, 157;
suggested retirement of, 162
Traditions, aristocratic, 153
Tributes, the,
imposed on the vanquished, 15;
collection of, 212
Triumvir, the fall of the great, 111
Troy, the ancient city of, 50
Tunis, grape-culture at, 187
Tyranny, the, at Rome, 135
Tyre, the prosperity of, 88, 219
Tyrian purple, the, 89
U
Undecember, a thirteenth month, 79 Urbs, the meaning of, 249 Usury, the pitiless, 186
V
Vladivostok, mentioned, 50
Villa, the luxury of a Roman, 194
Valtellina, the valley of the, 199
Varus, the catastrophe of, 166
Vatican field, the stadium in the, 124
Velleius, the report of, 93
Veneto, the peasants of the, 187
Venosa, an old poet from, 195
Venus, Cleopatra compared to, 39
Vices, the extent of, 27
Villas, the, of Gaul, 99
Vine-tenders, the, of Rome, 182
Vineyards, the destruction of the, 390
Virgil, the fame of, 23
Viticulture, the, of Italy, 196
W
Wine, in Roman history, 179 ff;
an inferior variety made in Italy, 182;
as a medicine, 183
Wine-dealers, the, of Rome, 182
Women of to-day and yesterday, 29
Wool industry, the, of Gaul, 90
X
Xerxes, the fame of, 63