Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection

INDEX.

Abnormal Transposition, or Multiplication of Parts, 172
Acquired Characters, Transmission of, 179, 180
Agassiz, Prof. L., and Darwin, 157, 158
Animals, Variation of, under Domestication, 75, 115, 161, et seq.;
Abnormal Transposition or Multiplication of Parts, 172;
Instinctive Knowledge in, denied, 216
Argyll, Duke of, on Natural Selection, 144
Atlantis Hypothesis, The, Darwin’s Objections to, 53–55
Bastian, Dr. H. C., 160
Bates on Mimicry, 212
Bateson on Speculation and Hypothesis in Science, 14–15
“Beagle,” Darwin’s Voyage in the, 21–24;
Important Observations and Discoveries, 23;
Countries and Islands visited, 23–24;
Completion of “A Naturalist’s Voyage,” 30;
Zoology of, 31;
Geology of, 35
Beale, Dr. Lionel, 184
Bear and Whale, a Hypothetical Illustration of Natural Selection, 151
Beetles, Wingless, 51
Birds, Experimenting with Distasteful Caterpillars, &c., 216
Botanical Works of Darwin, 193, et seq.
Bree, Dr., “Species not Transmutable,” 149
Butler, Dr., School at Shrewsbury, Darwin’s Education at, 16, 17
Butterflies, Dimorphic, 204, 205
Cambridge, Darwin studying at, 18–20;
Revisited, 25
Carpenter, Dr., 159
Carus, V., 183
Case, Mr., Darwin attends his School at Shrewsbury, 16
“Challenger” Expedition, The, 53, 55
Cirripedia, Monographs on the, 36
Climbing Plants, 196;
Revolution of the Upper Part, 196
Copley Medal of the Royal Society awarded to Charles Darwin, 109;
to Sir Joseph Hooker, 111
Coral Reefs, Work upon the, 32;
Theory of Origin, 33;
Dr. John Murray rejects the Darwinian Theory, 33
Creative Hypothesis, Huxley on the, 135
Crossing in Plants, The Advantages of, 194
Cross-fertilisation in Plants, 201
Darwin, Charles, Birthplace, 9;
His Parentage, 10;
Family Genius, 10;
Secret of his Strength, 13–15;
his high Valuation of Hypothesis, 14;
Boyhood, 16–17;
School-life, 16;
Love of Sport, 16;
at Edinburgh, 17;
Dislike of Dissection, 17;
First Scientific Discovery and Paper, 17, 18;
at Cambridge, 18–20;
his Friendship with Professors Henslow and Sedgwick, 19;
Voyage of the “Beagle,” 21, et seq.;
Preparation for and Effects of the Voyage, 22;
the Most Important Discoveries during, 23;
Places Visited, 23, 24;
Re-visits Cambridge, 25;
Work upon the Collections, and the “Naturalist’s Voyage,” 25;
at London, 25;
Origin of Species, 25–29;
Geological Work, 29, 33;
Completion of “A Naturalist’s Voyage,” 30;
Zoology of the Voyage of the “Beagle,” 31;
Papers on Earth-Worms, 31;
Marriage, 32;
Book on the Coral Reefs, 32;
Ill-health, 32;
at Down, 35;
his Career as a Biologist, 37;
Systematic Work, 37;
his Dislike of Species-mongers, 39, 40;
Death of his Father and Daughter, 41;
Growth of the Origin of Species Theory, 42–59;
Correspondence with Friends, 50–59;
Experiments with Seeds in Salt Water, 51, 52;
Letter to Wedgwood, 52;
Objections to the Atlantis Hypothesis, 53, 55;
Letter to Lyell, 53;
Friendship and Correspondence with Wallace, 60–64, 81–86;
their Joint Papers Presented to the Linnean Society, 46, 62;
Letter to Asa Gray on Selection, 68–70;
Comparison and Reception of the Joint Papers, 78–82;
Delay in Publishing his Discoveries, 90;
Preparation of Origin of Species, 95, et seq.;
Observations, 96;
Appeals to Lyell, 97;
Letter to John Murray, 97;
his Influence upon Lyell, 105;
Receives the Copley Medal of the Royal Society, 109;
his Indebtedness to Lyell’s Teaching, 110;
Influence upon Hooker and Asa Gray, 111;
his Controversy with Asa Gray, 114–118;
his Influence upon Huxley, 119–143;
his Views of Natural Selection as the Cause of Evolution not accepted by Huxley, 121–128;
Extracts from Letters showing Difficulty with which Natural Selection was Understood, 145, et seq.;
on Spontaneous Generation, 108, 159;
and Bastian, 160;
his Later Works, 161;
his Theory of Pangenesis, 163, et seq.;
Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, Outline of the Book, 163;
on Sexual and Asexual Reproductions, 164, et seq.;
Extracts from Letters to Friends on Pangenesis, 178, et seq.;
“The Descent of Man,” 186;
“The Expression of the Emotions,” 189;
“Volcanic Islands,” 190;
“South America,” 190;
“The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms,” 191;
his Life of Erasmus Darwin, 192;
“Fertilisation of Orchids,” 193;
Cross- and Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom, 194;
Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of Same Species, 194;
Climbing Plants, 196;
“Power of Movement in Plants,” 197;
“Insectivorous Plants,” 198;
Letters to Prof. Meldola, 199, et seq.;
his Last Illness, 219;
and Death, 220
Darwin, Erasmus, Brother of Charles, 11
Darwin, Erasmus, Grandfather of Charles, 10, 192
Darwin, Prof. George, Brother of Charles, 11
Darwin, Robert Waring, Father of Charles, 10;
Profession and Character, 10;
his Dislike to the “Beagle” Expedition, 21–22;
Death of, 41
Darwin Medal of the Royal Society awarded to Huxley, The, 140
Darwinism not Evolution, Huxley’s Speeches, 139–141
Deposits, Oceanic, 55
Descent of Man, The, 186
Development, 166, 171
Dixey, Dr. F. A., Paper on Mimicry, 214
Domestication, Variation by, of Animals and Plants, 115, 161, et seq.;
of Animals, 75
Down, Darwin’s Home at, 35
Drosera and Other Insectivorous Plants, 198
Earthworms, 191;
Castings of, 191;
Papers on the, 31
Edinburgh, Darwin studying for Medicine at, 17
“Emotions, The Expression of the,” 189, 190
Evolution, First Recorded Thoughts upon, 28;
Natural Selection as a Cause not accepted by Huxley, 121, et seq.;
the Argument for, 100;
supported by Huxley, 121;
Huxley agrees with Darwin, 121, et seq.;
Discussion at Meeting of the British Association, 82, 138;
not Darwinism, 139–141
“Expression of the Emotions, The,” 189, 190
Extinction, 43–45
Fertilisation of Germ Cells, 165;
“of Orchids, The,” 193;
of Flowers by Insects, 193;
Effects of Cross- and Self-, 194
Fitzroy, Capt., of the “Beagle,” 21, 22
Flowers, The Fertilisation of, by Insects, 193;
Effects of Cross- and Self-Fertilisation compared, 194;
Different Forms on the same Plant, 195
Flustra, Darwin’s Discovery of the Free-Swimming Larvæ of, 18
Forbes, Edward, and the Atlantis Hypothesis, 53
“Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms, The,” 191
Fox, W. Darwin, 19
Galapagos Archipelago, The Animals, etc., of the, 26, 27, 42
Galton, F., 184
Geikie, James, 190
Geological Society, The, Darwin appointed Secretary, 29;
Papers on the Earthworms, 31
Geology of the Voyage of the “Beagle,” 35
Glacial Phenomena, Darwin’s Paper upon, 33
Graft-Hybrids, 166
Grafting, Production of Hybrids by, 168
Gray, Asa, Darwin’s Correspondence with, 51, 55, 107, 181, 184;
his Influence upon, 112;
Darwin’s Controversy with, 114–118
Gray, Dr., 146, 149
Henslow, Prof., Friendship with Darwin, 18–21
Herbert, J. M., on Darwin’s Character, 19, 20
Hereditary Genius, Evidences in the Darwin Family, 10, 11
Heredity, Theories of, 167, 174
Hermaphroditism, 175
Holmes, Dr. Oliver Wendell, his References to Darwin, 9;
his Correction of Darwin, 9
Hooker, Sir Joseph, 37, 48;
Darwin’s Letters to, on Species-mongers, 39–40;
Darwin’s Opinion of, 48;
Friendship and Correspondence with Darwin, 50;
Lyell’s Correspondence with, as to Specific Centres, 57;
Darwin’s Influence upon, 110, et seq.;
awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society, 111;
and Darwin, 146;
Darwin Writing on Pangenesis, 181, 182
Huxley, Prof., Criticisms of Darwin’s Theory, 46, 48;
on Teleology, 113;
Darwin’s Influence upon, 119–143;
agrees with Darwin on Evolution, 121;
Views on Natural Selection, 121, 124, 126, 138;
Article in the Times on the Origin of Species, 124;
his Article in the Westminster Review, 125;
Lectures on the Causes of the Phenomena of Organic Nature, 128, 142;
Views as to Natural Selection not changed, 137, 138;
Speech at the British Association Meeting at Oxford, 139;
awarded the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society, 140;
Darwinism, not Evolution, 140, 141;
and the Bishop of Oxford, 155
Hybrid Grafts, 166
Hybridism, 175, 176
Hybrids, Tendency to Resemble one Parent, 171;
Sterility of, 171;
Produced by Grafting, 168
Hypothesis and Speculation, Bearing on Science, 14, 15
Inheritance, The Theories of, 167, 174
Insectivorous Plants, 198
Instinctive Knowledge in Animals denied by Darwin, 216
Jenkin, Fleming, 81
Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution, 99;
Comparison with Darwin’s, 148, 150
Lankester, Prof. E. Ray, 99, 184
Linnean Society, Joint Memoirs by Darwin and Wallace, read before, 65, et seq.
Lowe, Robert, 150
Lyell, Sir Charles, Influence on Darwin, 29, 30, 51;
and Continental Extensions, 53;
and Hooker’s Agreement on the Specific Centres Theory, 57;
Darwin’s Appeal to, on the Natural Selection, 97;
Influence of Darwin upon, 105;
Accepts Darwin’s Views, 108, 109;
Death of, 109;
Darwin’s Letter on Pangenesis, 181
Lythrum, Different Forms of Flowers on the, 195
Macleay, W. S., 150
Malthus on Population, its Influence on Darwin, 46;
and on Wallace, 88, 89
Man, The Descent of, 186
Meldola, Prof., on Systematic Work, 37;
and Darwin, 199, et seq.
Metamorphosis, 171
Mimetic Resemblance, 202
Mimicry, 202, 204;
Bates’ Theory, 212;
Fritz Müller’s Theory, 212;
Dixey’s paper on, 214
Müller, Fritz, Darwin’s Letters to, 181, 183;
on Mimicry, 212–214;
his Paper Translated, 213
Murray, Andrew, 152
Murray, Dr. John, Controversy as to the Origin of Coral Reefs, 33
Naming of Species, Darwin on the, 39, 40
Natural Selection, Early Impressions on Darwin, 30, 45, 46;
Survival of the Fittest, 56;
Specific Centres, 57;
Darwin’s Paper on, 65;
Theory of, 68–70;
Wallace’s Discovery of, 88–91;
Lord Salisbury’s Attack on, 82, 138;
Canon Tristram, the First Publicly to Accept the Theory, 92–94;
Argument for, 100–103;
Huxley not convinced as to Sufficiency of the Evidence of, 121, 123, 124, 126;
as the Highest Attempt to Account for Evolution, 129;
Huxley’s Description of the Theory, 136, 137;
H. C. Watson on, 144;
Hostile Criticisms, 144, et seq.;
Why the Term was Chosen, 147
“Naturalist’s Voyage, A,” Completion of, 30
Newton, Prof., Speech at the British Association, 153
Nineteenth Century, The Duke of Argyll’s Article in the, 144
Orchids, the Fertilisation of, 193
Origin of Species, Darwin’s Theory of the;
Early Reflections upon, 25–29;
Growth of the Theory, 42;
Separate Creation Theory Inadequate, 42;
Principles of Development, 45;
First Account of Darwin’s Theory, 46;
the Sketch Enlarged, 46;
Profs. Huxley and Newton’s Criticisms, 46, 47;
Divergence of Character, 47, 48;
Competition, 47, 56;
Darwin’s Arrangements for the Publication in case of his Death, 48;
Darwin and Wallace’s Joint Paper Presented to the Linnean Society, 46, 62;
his Confidence, 48;
Correspondence with Friends, 50;
Immutability of Species denied, 50;
Theory not understood by Naturalists, 55;
the Polyphyletic Theory, 57;
Specific Centres, 57;
Darwin and Wallace, 60;
their Papers before the Linnean Society, 62–77;
Struggle for Life, 65–77;
Principles of, 68–70;
Comparison of the Joint Memoir, 78, et seq.;
Preparation of the Work on, 95, et seq.;
Interest of Lyell and Hooker in its Publication, 95;
Letters to John Murray, the Publisher, 97;
full Title of the Volume, 98;
Outline of the Book and its Various Editions, 100–104;
its Reception by Lyell, 105;
by Hooker, 111;
by Asa Gray, 112;
and by Huxley, 119;
Huxley’s Article in the Times, 124;
and in the Westminster Review, 125;
Huxley’s high Tribute to Darwin’s Theory, 130;
Difficulty with which Understood, 144, et seq.;
Regarded by Darwin as an Abstract of a Larger Work, 162
Osborn, Prof., 79, 80
Oxford, the Bishop of, and Huxley, 155
Pangenesis, Darwin’s Hypothesis of, 164, et seq.;
his Confidence in the Theory, 180, et seq.
Parallel Roads of Glen Roy, The, 31
Parthenogenesis, 164
Petrels at St. Kilda, West Indian nuts found in, 96
Plants and Animals, Variation of, under Domestication, 161;
Production of Abnormal Parts, 172;
Separate forms on same Individual, 175;
Different forms of Flowers on the same Species, 194;
Climbing, 196;
Power of Movements in, 197;
Insectivorous, 198
Pollen, Fertilisation of Ovule, 166
“Power of Movements in Plants, The,” 197
Protective Mimicry, 203
Reproduction of an Amputated Limb or part, 170
Reproduction, Sexual and Asexual, 164, et seq.
Reversion, 167, 175
Rolleston, Prof., 155, 156
Romanes, Prof. G. J., 185
Salisbury, Lord, Speech at the British Association Meeting at Oxford, 82, 83, 138
Scientific Discoverer, The Qualifications of a, 12
Seeds, Experiments on the Vitality of, in Salt-Water, 51, 52
Sedgwick, Prof., Darwin’s Friendship with, 18;
his Excursions with, 20
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction, 164, et seq.;
Advantages of, 165;
Cross-Fertilisation in Plants, 166;
Characters, 174–177;
Selection Theory, 67, 188, et seq.;
rejected by Wallace, 188;
Darwin’s Letter to Meldola, 201
Shrewsbury, Darwin’s Birthplace, 9;
and School-life at, 16;
Re-visited, 25
“South America,” 190
South America, Some Observations on the Geology of, 26
Species, New, The Origin of, 56, et seq.;
“Species not Transmutable,” Dr. Bree’s Book, 149
Species-mongers, Darwin’s Dislike of, 39, 40
Speculation and Hypothesis, 14, 15
Spencer, Herbert, Term of Survival of the Fittest, 148
Spontaneous Generation, 108, 159
Sterility of Hybrids, 171
Struggle for Existence, The, 65–67, 71–77
Survival of the Fittest, The, 148
Teleology, 113, 114
Ternate, Wallace’s house at, 63
Times, Huxley’s Article on the Origin of Species in, 124
Transmutation of Species, 26, 149
Tristram, Canon, 92–94;
Paper on Ornithology of Northern Africa, 92
Tuckwell, Rev. W., 155
Turkeys, Experimenting upon with Distasteful Caterpillars, 216
Tyndall, Prof., 157
Use and Disuse, The Inherited Effects of, 167, 179
Variability, 167, 173
Variation, of Organic Being, Darwin’s Papers upon, 65;
Wallace’s Paper on, 71, et seq.;
and Selection Relative Importance of, 96;
Under Domestication, 115, 161
Varieties, Departure from the Original Type, 71–77
“Volcanic Islands,” 190
Wallace, Alfred Russel, and Darwin’s Joint Paper Presented to Linnean Society, 46, 62;
and Darwin, 53, 60–64, 81–86, 134;
Paper Published on the Law Regulating new Species, 60;
Essays on Variations from Original Type, 61, 71–77;
house at Ternate, 63;
Comparison of the Joint Memoir, 78–86;
his Discovery of Natural Selection, 87–91;
Darwin’s Letter on Bastian’s Theory of Archebiosis, 160;
Darwin’s Letter to, on Pangenesis, 182
Watson, H. C., 144
Wedgwood, Josiah, 18
Weismann, Prof., on Germ-Plasm, 179;
“Studies in the Theory of Descent,” Meldola’s Translation, 205–210
Westminster Review, Huxley’s Article on Origin of Species in, 125
Wilberforce, Bishop, 149
Zoology of the Voyage of the “Beagle,” The, 31

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Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection

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INDEX.