Charles the Bold, Last Duke of Burgundy, 1433-1477

In thus touching on the traits of his former master, Commines does not show malice or even a dislike for the duke. He is much more severe about Louis—only he found the latter easier to serve.

In his family life, too, Charles does not seem to have found any companionship that affected his life. He is lauded as a faithful husband to Isabella of Bourbon but her death seemed to make little difference. Neither she nor Margaret of York had the actual significance enjoyed by Isabella of Portugal as consort to Philip the Good with his notoriously roving fancy.

Thus at home as well as abroad the last Duke of Burgundy tried to stand alone. Perhaps his chief happiness in life was that he never knew how insufficient for his desired task he was and how the new art of printing, the birth of Erasmus of Rotterdam, were the really great events of his brief decade of sovereignty. It was his good fortune that he never knew that no splendid achievement gave significance to his device: "I have undertaken it"—Je lay emprins.

[Footnote 1: Mém. de la soc. bourg. de géog. et d' hist. Article by A. Cornereau, vi., 229.]

[Footnote 2: Les états de Gand en 1476. (Gachard, Études et notices hist,. des Pays-Bas, i., I.)

This is a study of the report made by Gort Roelants, pensionary of Brussels, one of the deputies to the assembly of 1476. This so-called "States-general" was by no means a legislative assembly. When Philip the Good convened deputies from the various states at Bruges in 1463, it was to save himself the trouble of going to the separate capitals to ask for aides. Assemblies of similar nature occurred several times before 1477, when Mary of Burgundy granted the privilege of self-convention and when a constitutional rôle was assured to the body; though not used for many years (See Pirenne, ii., 379.)]

[Footnote 3: Pour y penser la nuit jusques aw lendemain.]

[Footnote 4: S'ils n'avaient point charge limitée quantefois ils devaient boire en chemin.]

[Footnote 5: Compte-rendu par Antoine Rolin, Sr. d' Aymeries, Oct. 1, 1475-Sept. 30, 1476. In the archives of Hainaut there are proofs that another assembly was confidently expected.]

[Footnote 6: Gingins la Sarra, ii., 354.]

[Footnote 7: Ibid., 359. Scorende queste cose come avesse il libro avanti, parse ad ogniuno imprimesse bene questo suo intento.]

[Footnote 8: Petrasanta to the Duke of Milan Aug. 12th. Quoted in Kirk, iii., 487.]

[Footnote 9: An Italian phrase signifying to run down his game slowly.]

[Footnote 10: Commines, v., ch. iv.]

[Footnote 11: Toutey calls the diet at Fribourg a veritable congress of central Europe, the first of international congresses.]

[Footnote 12: Huguénin Jeune, Hist. de la guerre de Lorraine, p. 217.]

[Footnote 13: This monarch, Alphonse V., called the African, asking Louis XI. for assistance against Ferdinand of Castile, was refused on the score that Charles the Bold was menacing the safety of the French frontier. Alphonse's prayer for peace might have been instigated by thoughts of his own needs as well as those of humanity. (Toutey, p. 386.)]

[Footnote 14: Toutey, p. 387.]

[Footnote 15: See Scott's Anne of Geierstein. This is the man whom the author makes the appointed instrument of the Vehmgericht to slay Charles.]

[Footnote 16: Toutey, p. 388.]

[Footnote 17: Mémoires, iii., 239.]

[Footnote 18: It is strange that La Marche does not make more of this scene if he were really there. His sole statement is: "The duke remained dead on the field of battle, stretched out like the poorest man in the world and I was taken and others." iii., 240.]

[Footnote 19: La déconfiture de Monseigneur de Bourgogne faite par Monseigneur de Lorraine. Comines-Lenglet, iii., 493.

This brief account was drawn up evidently before the duke's burial was known by the writer. It may have been written solely to please Louis XI. Still there is a simplicity about it that holds the attention, in spite of the fact that the story is not accepted by critical historians.]

[Footnote 20: La Marche, iii., 240.]

[Footnote 21: Comines v., ch. x.]

[Footnote 22: Lettres vi., p. 111.]

[Footnote 23: Renan, Qu'est ce qu'une nation.]

BIBLIOGRAPHY

There is an enormous mass of literature bearing upon the later years of Philip of Burgundy and the brief career of Charles the Bold. Fairly adequate bibliographies can be found in Pirenne and Molinier (see list). The following list contains the full titles of the chief works to which direct reference is made in the text but falls far short of a complete description of the matter, contemporaneous or critical, which has coloured the treatment of the subject.

When extracts have been taken from matter quoted by other writers the reference is to the later books only.

Archives curieuses de l'histoire de France. Vol. i. (Paris, 1834.) Contains Le cabinet du roy Louis XI.; Discours du siège de Beauvais, en 1472, etc.

BARANTE, M. DE. Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne de la maison de Valois. Avec des remarques par le baron de Reiffenberg. 6th ed. 10 vols. (Brussels, 1835.)

BASIN, THOMAS, 1412-1491. Histoire des règnes de Charles VII. et de Louis XI. (Latin text). Ed. J.E.J. Quicherat. 2 vols. (Paris, 1855.)

BEAUCOURT, G. DU FRESNE, MARQUIS DE. Histoire de Charles VII . 6 vols. (Paris, 1890.)

BLOK, P.J. Eene Hollandsche stad onder de Bourgondisch-Oostenrijksche Heerschappij. (The Hague, 1884.)

BRANTÔME, PIERRE DE BOURDEILLE, SEIGNEUR DE. Œuvres complètes de. Ed. Ludovic Lalanne. (Paris, 1876.)

BUDT, ADRIAN DE. Chronicon Flandriæ. De Smet Corpus chron. Flandr. I. (Brussels, 1837-65.)

BUSSIÈRE, BARON MARIE-THÉODORE DE. Histoire de la ligue formée contre Charles le téméraire. (Paris, 1846.)

Cent nouvelles nouvelles, Les. Édition revue sur les textes originaux, etc., par A.J.V. Le Roux de Lincy. (Paris, 1841.)

CHABEUF, H. Deux portraits bourguignons du XVe siècle. (Dijon, 1893.) (Mémoires de la société bourguignonne de géographie et d'histoire. Vol. ix.)

CHASTELLAIN, GEORGES, 1404-1475. Œuvres. (Ed. Kervyn de Lettenhove.) 8 vols. (Brussels, 1863-66.)

CHMEL, JOSEPH. Geschichte Kaiser Friedrichs IV. 2 vols. (Hamburg, 1843.)

CHMEL, JOSEPH. Urkunden zur Geschichte von Österreich, Steiermark, etc. [Monumenta Habsburgica.] 2 vols. (Vienna, 1849.)

CLÉMART, PIERRE. Jacques Cœur et Charles VII. (Paris, 1873.)

Collection de documents inédits sur l'histoire de France. "Mélanges." (Ed. M. Champollion-Figeac.) (Paris, 1843.)

COMMINES, PHILIP DE. The Historie of, Englished by Thomas Dannett. Anno 1596. With an introduction by Charles Whibley. (London, 1897.)

Mémoires de Philippe de Comines, 1447-1511. Nouvelle édition par Messieurs Godefroy, augmentée par M. l'Abbé Lenglet du Fresnoy. 4 vols. Ref. (Comines-Lenglet.) (Paris, 1747.)

This edition contains many letters, documents, etc., collected by M. Lenglet du Fresnoy. Their accuracy has been impugned in many instances. Those cited have been taken with a view to the later criticism upon them.

Mémoires de Philippe de Commynes. Nouvelle édition publiée avec une introduction et des notes par Bernard de Mandrot. 2 vols. Ref. (Commynes-Mandrot.) (Paris, 1901.)

Mémoires de Philippe de Commynes. Nouvelle édition, revue sur les manuscrits de la bibliotheque royale, etc., par Mlle. Dupont. 3 vols. Ref. (Commynes-Dupont.) (Paris, 1840.)

CORNEREAU, A. Le palais des états de Bourgogne à Dijon. (Dijon, 1890.) (Mémoires de la soc. bourguignonne de géog. et d'hist., v.)

COURTÉPÉE, M. Description, générale et particulière du duché de Bourgogne. 4 vols. (Dijon, 1847.)

DESCHAMPS, EUSTACHE. Œuvres complètes. (Paris, 1878- 1904.) (Soc. des anciens textes français.) 11 vols.

DES MAREZ, G. L'organisation du travail à Bruxelles au XVe siècle. (Bruxelles, 1903-04.) (Mémoires couronnés de l'acad. royale de Belgique. Vol. lxv.-lxvi.)

DEWEZ, M. Histoire particulière des provinces belgiques sous le gouvernement des ducs et des comtes, pour servir de complément à l'histoire générale. 3 vols. (Brussels, 1834.)

DU CLERCQ, JACQUES, 1420-1501. Mémoires. (Ed. Baron F. de Reiffenberg.) 4 vols. (Brussels, 1823.)

DUCLOS, CHARLES P. (Œuvres complètes de. Nouvelle édition. 9 vols. (Paris, 1820.)

ESCOUCHY, MATHIEU D'(DE COUCY). Chronique. (1420?-1482 +.) (Ed. G. du Fresne de Beaucourt.) 3 vols. (Paris, 1863.) (Soc. de l'hist. de France.)

FREDERICQ, PAUL. Le rôle politique et social des ducs de Bourgogne. (Brussels, 1875.)

FREEMAN, EDWARD A. The Historical Geography of Europe. 2 vols. 3d edition, edited by G. B. Berry. (London, 1903.)

GACHARD, L. P. Analectes belgiques ou recueil de pièces inédites, etc. Vol. i. (Brussels, 1830.)

GACHARD, L. P., Ed. Collection des voyages des souverains des Pays-Bas. 4 vols. (Brussels, 1830.)

GACHARD, L. P., Ed. Documents inédits concernant l'histoire de la Belgique. 3 vols. (Brussels, 1833.)

GACHARD, L. P. Études et notices historiques concernant l'histoire des Pays-Bas. 3 vols. (Brussels, 1890.)

Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium. (Marténe Coll. Vol. iv.) (Paris, 1729.).

GINGINS LA SARRA, LE BARON DE FRÉDERIC DE, Ed. Dépêches des ambassadeurs milanais sur les campagnes de Charles le Hardi, 1474-1477. 2 vols. (Paris, 1858.)

GOLLUT, M. LOYS. Les mémoires historiques de la république séquanoise et des princes de la Franche-Comté de Bourgogne. (Arbois, 1846.)

JEUNE, HUGUÉNIN. Histoire de la guerre de Lorraine et du siège de Nancy, par Charles le Téméraire, duc de Bourgogne, 1473-1477. (Metz, 1837.)

KERVYN DE LETTENHOVE, LE BARON. [Ed. of works of Chastellain, Budt, etc.]; see article in Bullétin de l'académie royale de Belgique, 1887, etc.

KERVYN DE LETTENHOVE. Histoire de Flandre. 5 vols. (Brussels, 1853-54.)

KIRK, JOHN FOSTER. History of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. 3 vols. (Philadelphia, 1864-1868.)

LABORDE (L.E.S.J.), COMTE DE. Les ducs de Bourgogne: Études sur les lettres, les arts et l'industrie pendant le XVe siècle, etc. "Preuves." 3 vols. (Paris, 1849-52.)

LACOMBLET, TH. J. Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins. 4 vols. (Düsseldorf, 1848.)

LA MARCHE, OLIVIER DE, 1422-1502. Mémoires. (1435-1488.) Paris, 1883-84. (Ed. Beaune et d'Arbaumont.) 3 vols.

LAVISSE, ERNEST. Histoire de France depuis les origines jusqu'à la révolution. Publiée avec la collaboration de MM. Bayet, Block, Carré, Kleinclausz, Langlois, Lemonnier, Luchaire, Mariéjol, Petit-Dutaillis, etc. (Paris, 1893-.)

The volume covering periods of Charles VII. and Louis XI. is written by Ch. Petit-Dutaillis, Professor at the University of Lille. (Reference used, Lavisse, IVII.) (Paris, 1902.)

LE FÉVRE, JEAN, SEIGNEUR DE ST. RÉMY. (Toison d'or.) (1395-1463.) Chronique. 2 vols. (Paris, 1876.)

LE ROUX DE LINCY, A.J.V. Chants historiques sur les règnes de Charles VII. et de Louis XI.

Lettres de Louis XI. (Paris, 1883-.) (Eds., Joseph Vaesen, et Étienne Charavay.

LOOMIS, LOUISE ROPES. Medieval Hellenism. (Columbia University, 1906.)

MARTÉNE, EDMUND. Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum, Historicorum, Dogmaticorum, Moralium, Amplissium Collectio. Vol. iv. (Paris, 1729.)

Mémoires et documents publiés par la société d'histoire de la suisse romande. Vol. viii. "Mélanges." (Lausanne, 1849.)

MEYER, J. Commentarii sive annales rerum Flandricarum. (Antwerp, 1561.)

MOLINET, JEAN. Chronique (1474-1506.) (Paris, 1824-29.)

This is a continuation of Chastellain and is interesting especially for the siege of Neuss.

MONSTRELET, ENGUERRAND DE (d. 1453). La Chronique. (Paris, 1861.)

MOLINIER, AUGUSTE. Les sources de l'histoire de France des origines aux guerres d'Italie. Vols. iv., v., 1461-1494. (Paris, 1904.)

Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde. Vol. xxv. (Leipzig, 1900.)

OMAN, CHARLES W.C. Warwick the Kingmaker. 1890. ONUFRIUS DE SANCTA CROCE, Bishop of Tricaria. Mémoire sur les affaires de Liege (1468). (Ed., S. Bormans.) (Brussels, 1885.)

OUDENBOSCH. Veterum scriptorum et monumentorum, historicorum, etc. Rerum Leodiensius. Opus Adriani de vetere Buseo, 1343. See Marténe.

PICQUÉ, CAMILLE. Mémoire sur Philippe de Commines. (Brussels, 1864.) Mém. couronnés par 1'acad. royale de Belgique, vol. xvi.

PIOT, G.J.C., Ed. Chronycke van Nederlandt—1565. Vlaamsche Kronijk—1598. Collection des chroniques belges. (Brussels, 1836-.)

PIRENNE, HENRI. Histoire de Belgique. 2 vols. (Brussels, 1903.)

PIRENNE, HENRI. Bibliographie de l'histoire de Belgique: catalogue méthodique et chronologique des sources et des ouvrages principaux relatifs à l'histoire de tous les Pays-Bas jusqu' en 1598. (Brussels, 1902.)

PLANCHER, URBAIN. Histoire générale et particulière de Bourgogne avec des notes et les preuves justificatives, etc. 4 vols. (Dijon, 1739.)

POICTIERS, ALIENOR DE. Les honneurs de la cour. (In Sainte-Palaye, Mémoires sur l'ancienne chevalerie, vol. 2, pp. 171-267.) (Paris, 1781.)

POLAIN, M.L. Récits historiques sur l'ancien pays de Liège. 4th ed. (Brussels, 1866.)

PUTNAM, RUTH. A Medieval Princess. (New York, 1904.)

RAM, P.F.X. DE. Documents relatifs aux troubles du pays de Liège sous les princes-évêques Louis de Bourbon et Jean de Horne, I vol. (Brussels, 1844.)

RAMSAY, SIR JAMES H. Lancaster and York, a Century of English History (A.D., 1399-1485). 2 vols. (Oxford, 1892.)

REIFFENBERG, BARON F.A. DE. Essai sur les enfants naturels de Philippe de Bourgogne.

REIFFENBERG, BARON F.A. DE. Histoire de l'Ordre de la Toison d'Or. (Brussels, 1830.)

REIFFENBERG, BARON F.A. DE. Mémoire sur le sejour de Louis XI. aux Pays-Bas. Nouveaux mém. de l'acad. royale. 1829.

REIFFENBERG, BARON F.A. DE. De l'état de la population, etc., dans les Pays-Bas pendant le XVe et le XVIe siècle. Mem. de l'acad. royale in 4°. (Brussels, 1822.) [Also editor of various works.]

RODT, EMANUEL VON. Die Feldzüge Karls des Kühnen. 2 vols. (Schaffhausen, 1843.)

ROLAND, P. AUBERT. La guerre de René II. contre Charles le Hardi. (Luxembourg, 1742.)

ROYE, JEAN DE. Chronique scandaleuse. [A journal of the years 1460-1483.] (Ed. Bernard de Mandrot.) 2 vols. (Paris, 1894-96.)

RUHL, GUSTAVE. L'expedition des Franchimontoir en 1468. Soc. d'art et d'histoire de Liège, ix. (Liege, 1895.)

RYMER, THOMAS. Fœdera, conventiones, litteræ et cujuscumque generis acta publica inter reges Angliæ et alios quosvis reges, etc. 20 vols. Vol. xi. (London, 1704-1716.)

SCHELLHASE, K. "Zur Trierer Zusammenkunft im Jahre 1473." In Deutsche Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft. Band VI. (Freiburg, 1891.)

SELDEN, JOHN. Titles of Honor. 3d ed. (London, 1672.)

SNOY, RENIER (Snoyus Reinerus). De rebus Batavicis. (Frankfurt, 1620.) In fol.

STEIN, H. "Olivier de la Marche historien, poete et diplomate Bourgogne." In mén couronné etc., par l'acad. royale vol. xlix. (Brussels, 1888.)

STOUFF, Louis. Les comtes de Bourgogne et leurs villes domaniales. (Paris, 1899.)

STOUFF, LOUIS. "Les possessions bourguignonnes dans la vallée du Rhin sous Charles le téméraire." Annales de l'est. Vols. xvii.-xviii. (Paris, 1903.)

TOUTEY, E. Charles le téméraire et la ligue de Constance. (Paris, 1902.)

VANDER MAELEN, PH. Dictionnaire géographique de la province de Liège. (Brussels, 1831.)

WAGENAAR, JAN. Vaderlandsche Historie. 21 vols. (Amsterdam, 1749-1759.)

WAVRIN, JEHAN DE (living 1465-1471). Anchiennes croniques de Engleterre. (Ed. Mlle. Dupont.) 3 vols. (Paris, 1858-63.)

INDEX

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

(Note: The Page number is the link to the reference.
Page^x indicates that the reference is in [Footnote x:] at the end of the chapter.

• A
  
  
• Abbeville, 106, 111, 143
• Agincourt, battle of, 19, 407
• Aire, 224, 271
• Aix, 357
• Alkmaar, 71, 285
• Alsace, 239¹⁵, 260, 362, 370, 374-376, 386-391, 393-395, 397, 442, 444, 456
• Alsace, Upper, 248, 251, 254
• Amboise, 106, 274¹⁴, 282, 293, 298, 306
• Amiens, 111, 121, 289, 290, 294, 298¹³, 300, 311, 321, 410-411
• Amont, 43, 258, 259
• Andernach, 396
• Angers, 280, 305, 307
• Anjou, duchy of, 118
• Anjou, Margaret of, Queen of England, 101, 155, 188, 264, 265, 274, 279-80, 284, 290
• Anjou, René, King of, 156, 332, 367, 400
• Anjou, Yolande of, see Vaudemont
• Antwerp, 14, 129, 180, 275, 337
• Appiano, Antoine d' (Antonius de Aplano), Milanese ambassador, 423
• Aragon, 38, 245, 295-296
• Argau, 248
• Armagnac, 223
• Arras, Bishop of, 70
• Arras, treaty of, 11-13, 15, 36, 72, 110, 221
• Arson, Jehan d', 282, 284
• Arthur, King, 225
• Artois, 12, 14, 156, 358
• Artois, Bonne of, Duchess of Burgundy, see Burgundy
• Atclyff, William, 325
• Ath, 406
• Augsburg, Diet of, 349
• Austria, 59, 245, 246, 254-257, 259, 386, 388
• Austria, House of, 81, 394, 453
• Austria, Maximilian, Archduke of, see Maximilian
• Austria, Sigismund of (Count of Tyrol), 248;
  • mortgages lands to Charles of Burgundy, 250-256, 329-331, 371, 374;
  • resumes sovereignty of mortgaged lands, 387-394, 415, 444
• Auvergne, Marshal d', 108
• Auxonne, 379
• Auxy, Jehan, Seigneur d', 9, 17-18, 26, 29
• Avesnes, 102, 103
• Avranches, Bishop of, 206
• Aydie, Odet d', 98, 305²¹, 308²⁵, 314

• B
  
  
• "Bad Penny," the, tax, 372, 373, 377, 380, 381
• Balue, Cardinal, 206, 207, 211, 224, 283
• Bar, duchy of, 396
• Barante, cited, 10¹⁵, 10¹⁷, 20, 68³, 314³⁰
• Bari, Duc de (Sforza), 413
• Barnet, battle of, 289
• Barre, Corneille de la, 103
• Barrois, 156
• Baschi, Suffren de, 441, 442
• Basel, 60, 248⁵, 254, 353, 375, 376, 378, 387-388, 391-392, 394, 442-444
• Basel, Bishop of, 381
• Basin, Thomas, cited, 355
• Basse-Union, the, 375, 378, 381, 386, 393, 395, 415
• Baume-les-Dames, 43
• Bavaria, elector of, 247
• Bavaria, Stephen of, 69
• Beaujeu, Lord of, 16
• Beaumont, château of, 291, 317³⁷
• Beauvais, siege of, 311-313
• Bedford, John, Duke of, death of, 11, 72
• Begars, Abbé de, 299
• Belfort, 379¹¹
• Bellière, Vicomte de la, 304¹⁹
• Berne, 59, 248, 249, 352, 376, 377, 392, 397, 400, 402, 415, 417, 442, 443
• Berry, Bailiff of, 61-64
• Berry, Charles of France, Duke of (Normandy and Guienne), heads League of Public Weal, 121, 124;
  • character of, 125, 126;
  • Normandy given to, 128, 142, 197-200, 203, 217;
  • won over by Louis, 205, 219, 220, 282;
  • Guienne given to, 281, 282, 294;
  • proposed marriage of, 294-298, 333;
  • suspicious death of, 302-304, 307-310, 314-316, 334, 344
• Besançon, 60, 252, 353, 379, 380, 387, 388
• Biche, Guillaume de, 89⁵, 105, 206, 211
• Biscay, Bay of, 282
• Black Forest, the, 248, 254
• Bladet, 291
• Blamont, Count of, 393, 397
• Blaumont, Seigneur de, Marshal of Burgundy, 79, 81
• Boccaccio, 93
• Bohemia, 245-247, 348
• Bonn, 396
• Borselen, Adrian van, Seigneur of Breda, 192
• Borselen, Frank van (Count of Ostrevant), 9¹⁴, 14, 26;
  • death of, 323²
• Borselen, Henry van, 323
• Boscise, 314
• Bouchage, Monseigneur du, 223, 295-297, 319, 452
• Boudault, Jehan, 47, 60
• Boulogne, 12, 128, 286
• Bourbon, Catharine of, see Guelders
• Bourbon, Duchess of, 60, 61
• Bourbon, duchy of, 118
• Bourbon, Duke of, 16, 60, 61, 124, 206, 217
• Bourbon, Isabella of (Countess of Charolais), see Charolais
• Bourbon, Louis of, Bishop of Liege, 137-140, 145, 146, 212-214, 218-221
• Bourges, 11, 98
• Bouvignes, 139, 145, 148, 154
• Bouxières, 447
• Brabant, Anthony, Duke of, 14
• Brabant, duchy of, 13, 14, 32, 156, 253, 358, 454
• Brabant, Duke of, 181
• Brandenburg, Albert, elector of, 349, 351¹¹, 352
• Brandenburg, Margrave of, 247
• Brantôme, Pierre de Bourdeille, Seigneur de, cited, 308²⁵
• Breda, 192
• Brederode, Gijsbrecht of, 69-71
• Breisgau, 248, 374
• Bresse, Philip de, 208, 209
• Brie, 219, 281
• Brisac (Breisach), 251, 372, 373, 377, 379-381, 389, 391
• Brittany, Duchess of, 295⁸, 296
• Brittany, duchy of, 160, 161, 363
• Brittany, Francis, Duke of, joins League of Public Weal, 114, 115, 118-120, 124;
  • ally of Charles of Burgundy, 197, 295⁸, 296, 298¹³, 312-314;
  • is reconciled to Louis XI., 203, 210, 314, 315, 334
• Broeck, M. van der, 198²
• Bruchsal, 452
• Bruges, 2, 18-23, 38, 113, 154, 161, 179, 187, 188, 190-196, 251, 261, 268, 293, 385, 404, 406, 428
• Brunette, the, 271, 272
• Brussels, 18, 29, 39, 142, 153, 180, 184, 186⁴, 243-245, 325, 379¹¹, 429
• Bureau, Jehan, 98
• Buren, castle of, 320
• Burgundy, duchy of, 14, 156, 254, 257, 352, 358, 384, 453, 454, 456;
  • Estates of, 427, 434, 435, 453
• Burgundy, Franche-Comté of, 14
• Burgundy, Anthony, Grand Bastard of, 5, 18, 123, 150, 159-161, 183, 195, 323²
• Burgundy, Baldwin, Bastard of, 282-284
• Burgundy, Charles the Bold, (Count of Charolais), Duke of;
  • birth of, 5, 7;
  • elected knight of the Golden Fleece, 5-7;
  • description of, 8, 30, 165, 166, 339-341;
  • ancestry of, 8, 183, 269, 270, 277, 278, 291, 292, 410, 457, 458;
  • imperial ambitions of, 10, 11, 158, 187, 247, 251, 279, 328-337, 347-361, 384, 385, 398, 414, 415, 454-457;
  • education of, 9-11, 18, 28-30;
  • weds Catherine of France, 16, 17;
  • takes official part in public affairs, 18, 23, 24, 26;
  • character of, 30, 67, 158, 166-168, 181, 187, 277, 301-303, 310, 334, 340, 359, 398, 407, 426, 440, 443, 445, 458-460;
  • first campaign of, 37-42;
  • entrusted with regency of Holland, 57, 58, 67, 68, 87;
  • English sympathies of, 57, 167, 183, 188, 264-267, 271-274, 277, 278, 286, 288, 290;
  • weds Isabella of Bourbon, 57, 58, 60-65;
  • judicial methods of, 68, 261-263;
  • rejoices over birth of daughter, 83, 86;
  • strained relations with his father, 86-89, 96-99, 111, 112, 119;
  • enmity between Louis and, 86-93, 96, 113-117, 119, 205, 271-274, 282-284, 303, 308, 309, 314, 320, 347, et passim;
  • at coronation of Louis XI., 104, 105, 109;
  • fears plots against his life, 112-117, 282-284;
  • joins League of Public Weal, 114-119, 121;
  • allies of, 114, 119, 124-126, 188, 197, 201, 203, 281, 282, 285, 289, 292, 293, 396, 399, 400, 403, 410, 412-415, 422, 423;
  • letters of, to cities, 121, 220, 242, 243, 272-274, 278, 282, 363, 364;
    • to Louis, 143-144, 201, 205;
    • to Duchess Isabella, 271-272;
    • to French council, 274, 275;
    • to Duke of Brittany, 313-314;
    • to Sigismund, 388-389;
    • to Edward IV., 403, 407;
    • to Duke of Milan, 413-414;
    • at battle of Montl'héry, 122-124, 449;
  • armies of, 122, 140, 268, 404, 405, 420, 437-439, 445;
  • dictates terms of treaty of Conflans, 127-129;
  • marches against Liege, 129, 130, 140-142, 182;
  • destroys Dinant, 139, 142, 144-153;
  • underestimates character and strength of enemies, 158, 226, 334, 336, 370, 398, 418, 443;
  • accedes to the dukedom, 161, 170;
  • invested with titles, 170-172, 181, 201, 202, 244, 263, 382-387;
  • unpopularity of, 169, 181, 184, 185, 187, 243, 254, 269-271, 278, 279, 316-318, 369, 370;
  • punishes Ghent, 170-180, 182, 185-187, 244-246;
  • reforms of, 183-185, 258;
  • weds Margaret of York, 183, 188-194, 201, 265, 286, 290;
  • ducal state of, 184, 185, 276, 278, 279, 282, 342-344, 346, 398;
  • demands aides, 201, 202, 268-271, 404-406, 427-434;
  • receives Louis at Peronne, 203, 205-221;
  • crushes revolt of Liege, 213-219, 227-234, 238, 241-244;
  • makes treaty of Peronne, 219-221, 224, 235, 236, 281;
  • proposed sons-in-law for, 250, 251, 329-333, 335, 347, 349, 359, 360;
  • signs treaty of St. Omer, 251, 253, 377;
  • takes lands from Sigismund, 251-261, 387, 388, 393;
  • relations of, with Swiss, 253;
  • invested with Order of the Garter, 267, 286;
  • Remonstrance presented to, 269;
  • embassies to, 276-279, 347, 360, 362-363, 377, 398;
  • truces of, with Louis XI., 294, 298-300, 301, 306, 307, 315, 325, 395, 399, 412, 415, 438;
  • besieges Beauvais, 311, 312;
  • reverses of, 312-315, 427;
  • acquires duchy of Guelders, 320-328, 335, 336, 350, 351, 364;
  • negotiations between Emperor Frederic and, 328-334;
  • interview of, with emperor at Trèves, 337-353, 364, 399;
  • becomes "protector" of Lorraine, 347, 360, 367-370, 400, 412, 414;
  • interferes in Cologne affairs, 365, 366, 394, 395;
  • visits Alsace, 375-380;
  • troubles with Alsace, 389-394;
  • besieges Neuss, 396-399;
  • war declared against, 397, 398, 400, 401, 415, 416;
  • makes truce with Frederic, 400, 401, 415;
  • defeated at Héricourt, 400, 415;
  • besieges Nancy, 413, 414, 439-444;
  • allies desert, 416, 424, 445;
  • defeated at Granson, 417-420;
  • at Morat, 421-423, 435;
  • convenes states-general, 429-435;
  • last battle of, 444-448;
  • death and burial of, 448-454.
• Burgundy, Cornelius, Bastard of, 5, 38
• Burgundy, David of, Bishop of Utrecht, 69-71
• Burgundy, Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of, 2, 4, 9, 17, 19, 21, 24, 26, 58, 81-83, 88-90, 189, 190, 193, 271, 322, 442, 461;
  • ancestry of, 8, 183;
  • English sympathies of, 57, 62;
  • retires to convent, 90, 111, 139, 145, 147;
  • burial of, 385
• Burgundy, John the Fearless, Duke of, 11, 14, 201;
  • death of, 12, 155, 156
• Burgundy, Margaret, Bastard of, 56
• Burgundy, Margaret of York, Duchess of, 183, 188-195, 224, 265, 286, 290, 293, 325, 328, 396, 406, 430-434, 451, 461
• Burgundy, Mary of (Duchess of Austria),
  • birth of, 81, 83;
  • godfather of, 83, 84, 86, 90, 298; 180, 189, 428, 429, 431, 435, 451;
  • proposed marriages for, 250, 251, 296, 297, 299, 329-333, 335, 347, 349, 359, 366, 453
• Burgundy, Philip the Good, Duke of, marriages of, 2, 8;
  • institutes Order of Golden Fleece, 2-4;
  • children of, 5, 8, 18, 38, 51, 56, 57, 69, 282;
  • alliance of, with England, 11, 57, 201, 264, 265;
  • signs treaty of Arras, 11-13, 15, 32;
  • territories acquired by, 13-15, 156, 157;
  • suppresses revolt in Bruges, 18-23;
  • wealth and magnificence of, 30, 31, 58, 104-106, 108, 158, 160, 161, 166, 179, 183, 184, 188;
  • crushes rebellion of Ghent, 33-44, 67, 94-96;
  • gives Feast of the Pheasant, 46-56;
  • plans crusade, 47, 48, 51-60, 65, 66, 68-70;
  • chooses second wife for Charles, 57, 58, 60-65;
  • character of, 68, 88, 115, 163-165, 171, 405, 428, 457;
  • interferes in affairs of Utrecht, of Liege, and of Cologne, 69-71, 81, 136-138;
  • hospitality of, to dauphin, 79, 80, 82-85, 87-94, 99, 100, 102, 104, 105, 157, 161, 339, 344;
  • influenced by the Croys, 87, 97, 98, 111, 112, 119;
  • attends coronation of Louis XI., 103-106;
  • illnesses of, 109-111, 148, 152, 154;
  • witnesses punishment of Dinant, 148-152, 154;
  • death and burial of, 154, 155, 157-161, 183, 381, 385;
  • epitaph of, 156-157;
  • description of, 162-163;
  • popularity of, 163, 181, 243, 460, 461
• Burgundy, Philip the Hardy, Duke of, 457
• Burgundy, Yolande, Bastard of, 51