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Chaucer's Works, Volume 3 — The House of Fame; The Legend of Good Women; The Treatise on the Astrolabe; The Sources of the Canterbury Tales cover

Chaucer's Works, Volume 3 — The House of Fame; The Legend of Good Women; The Treatise on the Astrolabe; The Sources of the Canterbury Tales

Chapter 19: PROLOGUE.
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About This Book

This volume groups three of Chaucer's varied writings and accompanying scholarship: a three-book dream-vision in which the narrator is borne to a house where rumor and fame are observed and debated through classical and allegorical episodes; a prologue and linked narratives that retell the griefs and virtues of celebrated women from ancient myth and legend; a practical Middle English treatise that explains the construction and use of the astrolabe for astronomical observation; and critical notes that trace sources and offer textual commentary.

By preve as wel as by auctoritee,

2395

That wikked fruit cometh of a wikked tree,

That may ye finde, if that it lyketh yow.

But for this ende I speke this as now,

To telle you of false Demophon.

In love a falser herde I never non,

2400

But-if hit were his fader Theseus.

'God, for his grace, fro swich oon kepe us!'

Thus may thise women prayen that hit here.

(10)

Now to theffect turne I of my matere.

Destroyed is of Troye the citee;

2405

This Demophon com sailing in the see

Toward Athenes, to his paleys large;

With him com many a ship and many a barge

Ful of his folk, of which ful many oon

Is wounded sore, and seek, and wo begoon.

2410

And they han at the sege longe y-lain.

Behinde him com a wind and eek a rain

That shoof so sore, his sail ne mighte stonde,

(20)

Him were lever than al the world a-londe,

So hunteth him the tempest to and fro.

2415

So derk hit was, he coude nowher go;

And with a wawe brosten was his stere.

His ship was rent so lowe, in swich manere,

That carpenter ne coude hit nat amende.

The see, by nighte, as any torche brende

2420

For wood, and posseth him now up now doun,

Til Neptune hath of him compassioun,

And Thetis, Chorus, Triton, and they alle,

(30)

And maden him upon a lond to falle,

Wher-of that Phillis lady was and quene,

2425

Ligurgus doghter, fairer on to sene

Than is the flour again the brighte sonne.

Unnethe is Demophon to londe y-wonne,

Wayk and eek wery, and his folk for-pyned

Of werinesse, and also enfamyned;

2430

And to the deeth he almost was y-driven.

His wyse folk to conseil han him yiven

To seken help and socour of the queen,

(40)

And loken what his grace mighte been,

And maken in that lond som chevisaunce,

2435

To kepen him fro wo and fro mischaunce.

For seek was he, and almost at the deeth;

Unnethe mighte he speke or drawe his breeth,

And lyth in Rodopeya him for to reste.

Whan he may walke, him thoughte hit was the beste

2440

Unto the court to seken for socour.

Men knewe him wel, and diden him honour;

For at Athenes duk and lord was he,

(50)

As Theseus his fader hadde y-be,

That in his tyme was of greet renoun,

2445

No man so greet in al his regioun;

And lyk his fader of face and of stature,

And fals of love; hit com him of nature;

As doth the fox Renard, the foxes sone,

Of kinde he coude his olde faders wone

2450

Withoute lore, as can a drake swimme,

Whan hit is caught and caried to the brimme.

This honourable Phillis doth him chere,

(60)

Her lyketh wel his port and his manere.

But for I am agroted heer-biforn

2455

To wryte of hem that been in love forsworn,

And eek to haste me in my legende,

Which to performe god me grace sende,

Therfor I passe shortly in this wyse;

Ye han wel herd of Theseus devyse

2460

In the betraising of fair Adriane,

That of her pite kepte him from his bane.

At shorte wordes, right so Demophon

(70)

The same wey, the same path hath gon

That dide his false fader Theseus.

2465

For unto Phillis hath he sworen thus,

To wedden her, and her his trouthe plighte,

And piked of her al the good he mighte,

Whan he was hool and sound and hadde his reste;

And doth with Phillis what so that him leste.

2470

And wel coude I, yif that me leste so,

Tellen al his doing to and fro.

He seide, unto his contree moste he saile,

(80)

For ther he wolde her wedding apparaile

As fil to her honour and his also.

2475

And openly he took his leve tho,

And hath her sworn, he wolde nat soiorne,

But in a month he wolde again retorne.

And in that lond let make his ordinaunce

As verray lord, and took the obeisaunce

2480

Wel and hoomly, and let his shippes dighte,

And hoom he goth the nexte wey he mighte;

For unto Phillis yit ne com he noght.

(90)

And that hath she so harde and sore aboght,

Allas! that, as the stories us recorde,

2485

She was her owne deeth right with a corde,

Whan that she saw that Demophon her trayed.

But to him first she wroot and faste him prayed

He wolde come, and her deliver of peyne,

As I reherse shal a word or tweyne.

2490

Me list nat vouche-sauf on him to swinke,

Ne spende on him a penne ful of inke,

For fals in love was he, right as his syre;

(100)

The devil sette hir soules bothe a-fyre!

But of the lettre of Phillis wol I wryte

2495

A word or tweyne, al-thogh hit be but lyte.

'Thyn hostesse,' quod she, 'O Demophon,

Thy Phillis, which that is so wo begon,

Of Rodopeye, upon yow moot compleyne,

Over the terme set betwix us tweyne,

2500

That ye ne holden forward, as ye seyde;

Your anker, which ye in our haven leyde,

Highte us, that ye wolde comen, out of doute,

(110)

Or that the mone ones wente aboute.

But tymes foure the mone hath hid her face

2505

Sin thilke day ye wente fro this place,

And foure tymes light the world again.

But for al that, yif I shal soothly sain,

Yit hath the streem of Sitho nat y-broght

From Athenes the ship; yit comth hit noght.

2510

And, yif that ye the terme rekne wolde,

As I or other trewe lovers sholde,

I pleyne not, god wot, beforn my day.'—

(120)

But al her lettre wryten I ne may

By ordre, for hit were to me a charge;

2515

Her lettre was right long and ther-to large;

But here and there in ryme I have hit laid,

Ther as me thoughte that she wel hath said.—

She seide, 'thy sailes comen nat again,

Ne to thy word ther nis no fey certein;

2520

But I wot why ye come nat,' quod she;

'For I was of my love to you so free.

And of the goddes that ye han forswore,

(130)

Yif that hir vengeance falle on yow therfore,

Ye be nat suffisaunt to bere the peyne.

2525

To moche trusted I, wel may I pleyne,

Upon your linage and your faire tonge,

And on your teres falsly out y-wronge.

How coude ye wepe so by craft?' quod she;

'May ther swiche teres feyned be?

2530

Now certes, yif ye wolde have in memorie,

Hit oghte be to yow but litel glorie

To have a sely mayde thus betrayed!

(140)

To god,' quod she, 'preye I, and ofte have prayed,

That hit be now the grettest prys of alle,

2535

And moste honour that ever yow shal befalle!

And whan thyn olde auncestres peynted be,

In which men may hir worthinesse see,

Than, preye I god, thou peynted be also,

That folk may reden, for-by as they go,

2540

"Lo! this is he, that with his flaterye

Betrayed hath and doon her vilanye

That was his trewe love in thoghte and dede!"

(150)

But sothly, of oo point yit may they rede,

That ye ben lyk your fader as in this;

2545

For he begyled Adriane, y-wis,

With swiche an art and swiche sotelte

As thou thy-selven hast begyled me.

As in that point, al-thogh hit be nat fayr,

Thou folwest him, certein, and art his eyr.

2550

But sin thus sinfully ye me begyle,

My body mote ye seen, within a whyle,

Right in the haven of Athenes fletinge,

(160)

With-outen sepulture and buryinge;

Thogh ye ben harder then is any stoon.'

2555

And, whan this lettre was forth sent anoon,

And knew how brotel and how fals he was,

She for dispeyr for-dide herself, allas!

Swich sorwe hath she, for she besette her so.

Be war, ye women, of your sotil fo,

2560

Sin yit this day men may ensample see;

(168)

And trusteth, as in love, no man but me.

Explicit Legenda Phillis.

[Go to Legend of Hypermnestra]

2400. F. Tn. Th. B. om. if. 2402. F. Tn. Th. B. om. may. 2408. C. his; rest om. 2409. C. sek (read seek); rest seke. 2410. A. Th. the sege; F. Tn. B. a sege; T. sege; C. thasege (good). 2412. C. T. A. ne myghte; rest myght not. 2418. C. A. ne; T. noon; rest om. 2420. A. So wood. C. A. now vp now doun; T. now vp and doun; rest vp and doun. 2422. Th. Chorus; T. Thora; rest Thorus (see note). F. Tn. B. om. Triton. 2423. F. Th. B. vp; rest vp-on. 2425. A. B. Ligurgus; C. Tn. T. Ligurges; Th. Lycurgus; F. Bygurgus (error for Lygurgus). 2430. C. That (for And). C. almost was (better than was almost in the rest). 2435. C. T. A. To; rest And. 2437. C. T. A. his; rest om. 2438. A. om. for. 2440. C. T. A. court; rest contree. 2443. F. Tn. Th. B. hath. 2444. C. T. A. of gret; rest grete of. 2445. C. of (for in). C. the; T. A. that; rest his. 2449. C. owene (for olde). 2452. A. phillis; C. Philes; Th. T. quene Phillis; rest quene. 2453. F. B. And; rest Her (Hire, Hir). 2454. A. Th. agroted; B. agrotyd; C. agrotyed; F. Tn. agroteyd; T. agroteyed. 2455. C. T. ben in love; A. ar of loue; rest in loue ben. 2459. C. T. A. deuyse; F. Tn. B. the nyse (sic); Th. the gyse. 2470, 1. T. I couthe ryght well, yef that hyt lykyd me Tell all hys doyng; but hyt ys vanyte. 2472. C. T. vnto; A. into; rest to. F. Th. B. him; rest he. 2475. F. B. omit. 2476. C. hath hire sworn; A. hath to hir suorn; Tn. to her sworne; F. T. Th. B. to hir swore. 2477. So C. A.; F. Tn. Th. B. ageyn he wolde. 2480. C. homly; F. T. B. homely; A. huimly; Tn. humble; Th. hombly. C. let; rest om. 2482. C. ne; rest om. 2483. A. C. Th. abought; F. Tn. B. yboght. 2484. F. Tn. B. om. as. A. T. stories; rest story (but this would require recordeth; indeed, C. has recordith!). 2485. C. T. A. ryght; rest om. 2487. F. Tn. Th. B. But firste wrote she to hym. 2488. C. T. A. hire delyuere; rest delyuer hir. F. pyne (error for peyne). 2489. F. B. oo; Tn. one; rest a; see l. 2495. 2491. C. T. A. Ne spende; rest Dispenden. 2493. C. a fere; T. afyre; A. in fyre; F. Tn. Th. B. on a fire (badly). 2496. C. Ostesse thyn. T. A. o thow Demophon. 2498. F. Tn. B. om. moot. 2504. F. Tn. B. om. hid. 2505. Th. thylke; C. F. Tn. B. that thilke (!); A. that ilke; T. that. 2506, 7. C. omits. 2506. A. hath lycht this. 2507. T. yef; A. if; F. B. Th. yet (error for yef); Tn. yit (error for yif). 2508. C. storm (error for streem); rest streme. Th. Scython; C. B. Sytoye; A. Cytoye; T. Sitoy; F. Tn. Sitoio (Ovid has Sithonis unda). T. y-brought; rest broght (brought). 2509. C. comyth it; T. A. cometh; F. Tn. B. come hit; Th. came it. 2517. C. A. wel hath; rest hath wel. 2518. C. T. A. thyne (thy); rest the. C. come; T. comen; F. Tn. Th. B. cometh. 2519. C. T. A. thyn (thy); rest the. 2523. C. T. A. Yif (only); F. Tn. Th. B. That (only); but read Yif that. 2525. C. T. A. pleyne; rest seyne (!). 2527. C. I-wronge; A. yronne (error for ywronge); F. Tn. Th. B. wronge. 2529. A. Quhethir ther may (but this is Scottish). 2532. All mayde. 2539. C. T. A. for by; rest forth by. 2546. A. C. T. subtilitee. 2549. C. T. A. him; rest om. A. has lost ll. 2551-2616. 2555. F. Tn. B. om. sent. 2561. So C. T.; so Tn. Th. (with now for as); F. B. And as in love truste no man but me.

IX. THE LEGEND OF HYPERMNESTRA.

Incipit Legenda Ypermistre.

In Grece whylom weren brethren two,

Of whiche that oon was called Danao,

That many a sone hath of his body wonne,

2565

As swiche false lovers ofte conne.

Among his sones alle ther was oon

That aldermost he lovede of everichoon.

And whan this child was born, this Danao

Shoop him a name, and called him Lino.

2570

That other brother called was Egiste,

(10)

That was of love as fals as ever him liste,

And many a doghter gat he in his lyve;

Of which he gat upon his righte wyve

A doghter dere, and dide her for to calle

2575

Ypermistra, yongest of hem alle;

The whiche child, of her nativitee,

To alle gode thewes born was she,

As lyked to the goddes, or she was born,

That of the shefe she sholde be the corn;

2580

The Wirdes, that we clepen Destinee,

(20)

Hath shapen her that she mot nedes be

Pitouse, sadde, wyse, and trewe as steel;

And to this woman hit accordeth weel.

For, though that Venus yaf her greet beautee,

2585

With Iupiter compouned so was she

That conscience, trouthe, and dreed of shame,

And of her wyfhood for to kepe her name,

This, thoughte her, was felicitee as here.

And rede Mars was, that tyme of the yere,

2590

So feble, that his malice is him raft,

(30)

Repressed hath Venus his cruel craft;

What with Venus and other oppressioun

Of houses, Mars his venim is adoun,

That Ypermistra dar nat handle a knyf

2595

In malice, thogh she sholde lese her lyf.

But natheles, as heven gan tho turne,

To badde aspectes hath she of Saturne,

That made her for to deyen in prisoun,

As I shal after make mencioun.

2600

To Danao and Egistes also—

(40)

Al-thogh so be that they were brethren two,

For thilke tyme nas spared no linage

Hit lyked hem to maken mariage

Betwix Ypermistra and him Lino,

2605

And casten swiche a day hit shal be so;

And ful acorded was hit witterly;

The array is wroght, the tyme is faste by.

And thus Lino hath of his fadres brother

The doghter wedded, and eche of hem hath other.

2610

The torches brennen and the lampes brighte,

(50)

The sacrifices been ful redy dighte;

Thencens out of the fyre reketh sote,

The flour, the leef is rent up by the rote

To maken garlands and corounes hye;

2615

Ful is the place of soun of minstralcye,

Of songes amorous of mariage,

As thilke tyme was the pleyn usage.

And this was in the paleys of Egiste,

That in his hous was lord, right as him liste;

2620

And thus the day they dryven to an ende;

(60)

The frendes taken leve, and hoom they wende.

The night is come, the bryd shal go to bedde;

Egiste to his chambre faste him spedde,

And privily he let his doghter calle.

2625

Whan that the hous was voided of hem alle,

He loked on his doghter with glad chere,

And to her spak, as ye shul after here.

'My righte doghter, tresor of myn herte!

Sin first that day that shapen was my sherte,

2630

Or by the fatal sustren had my dom,

(70)

So ny myn herte never thing me com

As thou, myn Ypermistra, doghter dere!

Tak heed what I thy fader sey thee here,

And werk after thy wyser ever-mo.

2635

For alderfirste, doghter, I love thee so

That al the world to me nis half so leef;

Ne I nolde rede thee to thy mischeef

For al the gode under the colde mone;

And what I mene, hit shal be seid right sone,

2640

With protestacioun, as in this wyse,

(80)

That, but thou do as I shal thee devyse,

Thou shalt be deed, by him that al hath wroght!

At shorte wordes, thou nescapest noght

Out of my paleys, or that thou be deed,

2645

But thou consente and werke after my reed;

Tak this to thee for ful conclusioun.'

This Ypermistra caste her eyen doun,

And quook as dooth the leef of aspe grene;

Deed wex her hewe, and lyk as ash to sene,

2650

And seyde, 'lord and fader, al your wille,

(90)

After my might, god wot, I shal fulfille,

So hit to me be no confusioun.'

'I nil,' quod he, 'have noon excepcioun;'

And out he caughte a knyf, as rasour kene;

2655

'Hyd this,' quod he, 'that hit be nat y-sene;

And, whan thyn husbond is to bedde y-go,

Whyl that he slepeth, cut his throte a-two.

For in my dremes hit is warned me

How that my nevew shal my bane be,

2660

But whiche I noot, wherfor I wol be siker.

(100)

Yif thou sey nay, we two shul have a biker

As I have seyd, by him that I have sworn.'

This Ypermistra hath ny her wit forlon;

And, for to passen harmles of that place,

2665

She graunted him; ther was non other grace.

And therwith-al a costrel taketh he,

And seyde, 'herof a draught, or two or three,

Yif him to drinke, whan he goth to reste,

And he shal slepe as longe as ever thee leste,

2670

The narcotiks and opies been so stronge:

(110)

And go thy wey, lest that him thinke longe.'

Out comth the bryd, and with ful sober chere,

As is of maidens ofte the manere,

To chambre is broght with revel and with songe,

2675

And shortly, lest this tale be to longe,

This Lino and she ben sone broght to bedde;

And every wight out at the dore him spedde.

The night is wasted, and he fel a-slepe;

Ful tenderly beginneth she to wepe.

2680

She rist her up, and dredfully she quaketh,

(120)

As doth the braunche that Zephirus shaketh,

And husht were alle in Argon that citee.

As cold as any frost now wexeth she;

For pite by the herte her streyneth so,

2685

And dreed of death doth her so moche wo,

That thryes doun she fil in swiche a were.

She rist her up, and stakereth heer and there,

And on her handes faste loketh she.

'Allas! and shul my handes blody be?

2690

I am a maid, and, as by my nature,

(130)

And by my semblant and by my vesture,

Myn handes been nat shapen for a knyf,

As for to reve no man fro his lyf.

What devil have I with the knyf to do?

2695

And shal I have my throte corve a-two?

Than shal I blede, allas! and me beshende;

And nedes cost this thing mot have an ende;

Or he or I mot nedes lese our lyf.

Now certes,' quod she, 'sin I am his wyf,

2700

And hath my feith, yit is it bet for me

(140)

For to be deed in wyfly honestee

Than be a traitour living in my shame.

Be as be may, for ernest or for game,

He shal awake, and ryse and go his way

2705

Out at this goter, or that hit be day!'—

And weep ful tenderly upon his face,

And in her armes gan him to embrace,

And him she roggeth and awaketh softe;

And at the window leep he fro the lofte

2710

Whan she hath warned him, and doon him bote.

(150)

This Lino swifte was, and light of fote,

And from his wyf he ran a ful good pas.

This sely woman is so wayk, allas!

And helples so, that, or that she fer wente,

2715

Her cruel fader dide her for to hente.

Allas! Lino! why art thou so unkinde?

Why ne haddest thou remembred in thy minde

To taken her, and lad her forth with thee?

For, whan she saw that goon awey was he,

2720

And that she mighte nat so faste go,

(160)

Ne folwen him, she sette her doun right tho,

Til she was caught and fetered in prisoun.

This tale is seid for this conclusioun....

[Unfinished.]

[Go to Treatise on the Astrolabe]

2563. C. clepid; rest called. 2571. F. B. in; rest of. 2574. F. B. hyt (for her). 2577. C. T. thewis goode I-born. 2578. Tn. B. goddesse (!); F. goddesses (!). 2581. C. mot; rest moste (muste, most). 2582. F. B. Pitouse (fem.); C. Pyetous; Tn. T. Piteous. Th. sadde (fem.?); rest sad. C. T. and; rest om. 2590. C. beraft. 2592. Th. And what; C. T. That what; F. Tn. B. And; I propose What. 2597. C. F. Tn. B. To; T. Ryght; Th. Two. 2598. C. for; rest om. 2599. C. T. As; rest And. 2600. Th. Of (for To); without authority. 2601. C. Al thow; rest And thogh (less clearly). 2603. T. C. Th. lyked; rest lyketh. 2606. F. Tn. B. witterly; rest vttyrly. 2615. F. Tn. B. om. of soun. 2619. F. Tn. B. om. right. 2620. F. Tn. Th. B. that (for the). 2624. F. Tn. Th. B. om. he. 2625. F. Tn. Th. B. voided was. F. B. om. hem. 2627. F. om. after. 2629. F. om. 1st that. 2632. C. myn; T. A. ins. my before doghter; rest om. 2633. F. Tn. Th. B. om. I. T. say; A. seye; rest seyth. 2637. C. A., I; rest om. 2640. C. A. as in this; T. now on thys; F. Tn. Th. B. as seyn these. 2643. C. nescapist; Tn. Th. B. ne scapest; F. ne schapest (!). 2652. F. Tn. Th. B. be to me. 2655. Tn. Th. y-sene; rest sene. 2656. Tn. y-goo; A. ygo; rest goo (go). 2661. F. make; rest haue. 2666. So C. T. A. (but with costret for costrel); rest And with-al a costrel taketh he tho (badly). 2667. F. Tn. Th. B. om. or three (leaving the line too short). 2668. A. to; rest om. 2670. F. B. Martotikes (for narcotikes). T. A. opies; C. opijs; Th. apies; F. Tn. B. Epies (for opies). 2671. F. Tn. Th. B. ins. to before longe. 2674. F. Tn. Th. B. om. is. 2676. F. B. beth. T. sone byn; rest om. sone. C. a (for to). 2682. F. hushst (for husht); Th. hushte; C. A. hust; Tn. houste. 2684. F. Tn. B. streyneth hir; Th. strayned her; C. T. hire streynyth; A. hir stryngith. 2686. F. Th. B. swich (suche) a were; Tn. suche awere; C. this awer; A. this awere; T. that were. 2689. F. Tn. Th. B. om. and. 2696. F. Tn. Th. B. om. me. 2697. F. B. (only) Or for And. 2709. C. T. A. at a (for at the). 2712. So T. A.; C. from his wif ran; rest from her ran. 2714. C. A. or that; rest om. that. C. forth (for fer). 2717. C. T. haddist; rest hast. 2718. C. T. To; rest And. 2721. Addit (12524), sette hyr; C. set hire; T. A. sat hyr; rest sate (om. her). 2722. F. Tn. Th. And til (for Til); B. And then.

A TREATISE ON THE ASTROLABE.

PROLOGUE.

Litell Lowis my sone, I have perceived wel by certeyne

evidences thyn abilite to lerne sciencez touchinge noumbres

and proporciouns; and as wel considere I thy bisy preyere in

special to lerne the Tretis of the Astrolabie. Than, for as mechel

5

as a philosofre seith, 'he wrappeth him in his frend, that condescendeth

to the rightful preyers of his frend,' ther-for have I

geven thee a suffisaunt Astrolabie as for oure orizonte, compowned

after the latitude of Oxenford; up-on which, by mediacion of this

litel tretis, I purpose to teche thee a certein nombre of conclusions

10

apertening to the same instrument. I seye a certein of conclusiouns,

for three causes. The furste cause is this: truste wel that alle the

conclusiouns that han ben founde, or elles possibly mighten be

founde in so noble an instrument as an Astrolabie, ben un-knowe

perfitly to any mortal man in this regioun, as I suppose. A-nother

15

cause is this; that sothly, in any tretis of the Astrolabie that I have

seyn, there ben some conclusions that wole nat in alle thinges

performen hir bihestes; and some of hem ben to harde to thy

tendre age of ten yeer to conseyve. This tretis, divided in fyve

parties, wole I shewe thee under ful lighte rewles and naked

20

wordes in English; for Latin ne canstow yit but smal, my lyte

sone. But natheles, suffyse to thee thise trewe conclusiouns in

English, as wel as suffyseth to thise noble clerkes Grekes thise same

conclusiouns in Greek, and to Arabiens in Arabik, and to Iewes in

Ebrew, and to the Latin folk in Latin; whiche Latin folk han hem

25

furst out of othre diverse langages, and writen in hir owne tonge,

that is to sein, in Latin. And god wot, that in alle thise langages,

and in many mo, han thise conclusiouns ben suffisantly lerned and

taught, and yit by diverse rewles, right as diverse pathes leden

diverse folk the righte wey to Rome. Now wol I prey meekly

30

every discret persone that redeth or hereth this litel tretis, to have

my rewde endyting for excused, and my superfluite of wordes, for

two causes. The firste cause is, for that curious endyting and hard

sentence is ful hevy atones for swich a child to lerne. And the

seconde cause is this, that sothly me semeth betre to wryten un-to

35

a child twyes a good sentence, than he for-gete it ones. And

Lowis, yif so be that I shewe thee in my lighte English as trewe

conclusiouns touching this matere, and naught only as trewe but

as many and as subtil conclusiouns as ben shewed in Latin in any

commune tretis of the Astrolabie, con me the more thank; and

40

preye god save the king, that is lord of this langage, and alle that

him feyth bereth and obeyeth, everech in his degree, the more and

the lasse. But considere wel, that I ne usurpe nat to have founde

this werk of my labour or of myn engin. I nam but a lewd compilatour

of the labour of olde Astrologiens, and have hit translated

45

in myn English only for thy doctrine; and with this swerd shal I

sleen envye.

I. The firste partie of this tretis shal reherse the figures and the

membres of thyn Astrolabie, bi-cause that thou shalt han the

grettre knowing of thyn owne instrument.

50

II. The second partie shal teche thee werken the verrey

practik of the forseide conclusiouns, as ferforth and as narwe

as may be shewed in so smal an instrument portatif aboute.

For wel wot every astrologien that smalest fraccions ne wol

nat ben shewed in so smal an instrument, as in subtil tables

55

calculed for a cause.

III. The thridde partie shal contienen diverse tables of

longitudes and latitudes of sterres fixe for the Astrolabie, and

tables of declinacions of the sonne, and tables of longitudes

of citeez and of townes; and as wel for the governance of a

60

clokke as for to finde the altitude meridian; and many another

notable conclusioun, after the kalendres of the reverent clerkes,

frere I. Somer and frere N. Lenne.

IV. The ferthe partie shal ben a theorik to declare the

moevinge of the celestial bodies with the causes. The whiche

65

ferthe partie in special shal shewen a table of the verray

moeving of the mone from houre to houre, every day and in

every signe, after thyn almenak; upon which table ther folwith

a canon, suffisant to teche as wel the maner of the wyrking of

that same conclusioun, as to knowe in oure orizonte with which

70

degree of the zodiac that the mone ariseth in any latitude;

and the arising of any planete after his latitude fro the ecliptik

lyne.

V. The fifte partie shal ben an introductorie after the statutz

of oure doctours, in which thou maist lerne a gret part of the

75

general rewles of theorik in astrologie. In which fifte partie

shaltow finde tables of equacions of houses aftur the latitude of

Oxenford; and tables of dignetes of planetes, and other noteful

thinges, yif god wol vouche-sauf and his modur the mayde, mo

than I be-hete, &c.

PART I.

Here biginneth the descripcion of the Astrolabie.

1. Thyn Astrolabie hath a ring to putten on the thoumbe of

thy right hand in taking the heighte of thinges. And tak keep, for

from hennes-forthward, I wol clepe the heighte of any thing that

is taken by thy rewle, the altitude, with-oute mo wordes.

2. This ring renneth in a maner turet, fast to the moder of

thyn Astrolabie, in so rowm a space that hit desturbeth nat the

instrument to hangen after his righte centre.

3. The Moder of thyn Astrolabie is the thikkeste plate, perced

with a large hole, that resseyveth in hir wombe the thinne plates

compowned for diverse clymatz, and thy riet shapen in manere

of a net or of a webbe of a loppe; and for the more declaracioun,

5

lo here the figure.

4. This moder is devyded on the bak-half with a lyne, that

cometh dessendinge fro the ring down to the nethereste bordure.

The whiche lyne, fro the for-seide ring un-to the centre of the

large hole amidde, is cleped the south lyne, or elles the lyne

5

meridional. And the remenant of this lyne downe to the bordure

is cleped the north lyne, or elles the lyne of midnight. And for

the more declaracioun, lo here the figure.

5. Over-thwart this for-seide longe lyne, ther crosseth him

another lyne of the same lengthe from est to west. Of the

whiche lyne, from a litel croys + in the bordure un-to the centre

of the large hole, is cleped the Est lyne, or elles the lyne Orientale;

5

and the remenant of this lyne fro the forseide + un-to the bordure,

is cleped the West lyne, or the lyne Occidentale. Now hastow

here the foure quarters of thin Astrolabie, devyded after the foure

principals plages or quarters of the firmament. And for the more

declaracioun, lo here thy figure.

6. The est side of thyn Astrolabie is cleped the right side, and

the west side is cleped the left side. Forget nat this, litel Lowis.

Put the ring of thyn Astrolabie upon the thoumbe of thy right

hand, and thanne wole his right syde be toward thy left syde, and

5

his left syde wol be toward thy right syde; tak this rewle general,

as wel on the bak as on the wombe-side. Upon the ende of this

est lyne, as I first seide, is marked a litel +, wher-as evere-mo

generaly is considered the entring of the first degree in which the

sonne aryseth. And for the more declaracioun, lo here the

10

figure.

7. Fro this litel + up to the ende of the lyne meridional, under

the ring, shaltow finden the bordure devyded with 90 degrees;

and by that same proporcioun is every quarter of thin Astrolabie

devyded. Over the whiche degrees ther ben noumbres of augrim,

5

that devyden thilke same degrees fro fyve to fyve, as sheweth by

longe strykes by-twene. Of whiche longe strykes the space by-twene

contienith a mile-wey. And every degree of the bordure

contieneth foure minutes, that is to seyn, minutes of an houre.

And for more declaracioun, lo here the figure.

8. Under the compas of thilke degrees ben writen the names of

the Twelve Signes, as Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo,

Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricornus, Aquarius, Pisces; and

the nombres of the degrees of tho signes ben writen in augrim

5

above, and with longe devisiouns, fro fyve to fyve; devyded fro

tyme that the signe entreth un-to the laste ende. But understond

wel, that thise degrees of signes ben everich of hem considered

of 60 minutes, and every minute of 60 secondes, and so

forth in-to smale fraccions infinit, as seith Alkabucius. And

10

ther-for, know wel, that a degree of the bordure contieneth foure

minutes, and a degree of a signe contieneth 60 minutes, and

have this in minde. And for the more declaracioun, lo here

thy figure.

9. Next this folweth the Cercle of the Dayes, that ben figured

in maner of degrees, that contienen in noumbre 365; divyded

also with longe strykes fro fyve to fyve, and the nombres in

augrim writen under that cercle. And for more declaracioun, lo

here thy figure.

10. Next the Cercle of the Dayes, folweth the Cercle of the

names of the Monthes; that is to seyen, Ianuare, Februare,

Marcius, Aprile, Mayus, Iuin, Iulius, Augustus, Septembre,

October, Novembre, Decembre. The names of thise monthes

5

were cleped in Arabiens, somme for hir propretees, and some by

statutz of lordes, some by other lordes of Rome. Eek of thise

monthes, as lyked to Iulius Cesar and to Cesar Augustus, some

were compowned of diverse nombres of dayes, as Iuil and

August. Thanne hath Ianuare 31 dayes, Februare 28, March

10

31, Aprille 30, May 31, Iunius 30, Iulius 31, Augustus 31,

September 30, Octobre 31, Novembre 30, December 31.

Natheles, al-though that Iulius Cesar took 2 dayes out of Feverer

and put hem in his moneth of Iuille, and Augustus Cesar cleped

the moneth of August after his name, and ordeyned it of 31 dayes,

15

yit truste wel, that the sonne dwelleth ther-for nevere the more ne

lesse in oon signe than in another.

11. Than folwen the names of the Halidayes in the Kalender,

and next hem the lettres of the Abc. on which they fallen. And

for the more declaracioun, lo here thy figure.

12. Next the forseide Cercle of the Abc., under the cros-lyne,

is marked the scale, in maner of two squyres, or elles in manere

of laddres, that serveth by hise 12 poyntes and his devisiouns of

ful many a subtil conclusioun. Of this forseide scale, fro the

5

croos-lyne un-to the verre angle, is cleped umbra versa, and the

nether partie is cleped the umbra recta, or elles umbra extensa.

And for the more declaracioun, lo here the figure.

13. Thanne hastow a brood Rewle, that hath on either ende a

square plate perced with a certein holes, some more and some

lesse, to resseyven the stremes of the sonne by day, and eek

by mediacioun of thyn eye, to knowe the altitude of sterres by

5

nighte. And for the more declaracioun, lo here thy figure.

14. Thanne is ther a large Pyn, in maner of an extree, that

goth thorow the hole that halt the tables of the clymates and the

riet in the wombe of the Moder, thorw which Pyn ther goth a

litel wegge which that is cleped 'the hors,' that streyneth alle

5

thise parties to-hepe; this forseide grete Pyn, in maner of an

extree, is imagined to be the Pol Artik in thyn Astrolabie.

And for the more declaracioun, lo here the figure.

15. The wombe-side of thyn Astrolabie is also devyded with a

longe croys in foure quarters from est to west, fro south to north,

fro right syde to left syde, as is the bak-syde. And for the more

declaracioun, lo here thy figure.

16. The bordure of which wombe-side is devyded fro the poynt

of the est lyne un-to the poynt of the south lyne under the ring,

in 90 degres; and by that same proporcioun is every quarter

devyded as is the bak-syde, that amonteth 360 degrees. And

5

understond wel, that degrees of this bordure ben answering and

consentrik to the degrees of the Equinoxial, that is devyded in

the same nombre as every othere cercle is in the heye hevene.

This same bordure is devyded also with 23 lettres capitals and a

smal croys + above the south lyne, that sheweth the 24 houres

10

equals of the clokke; and, as I have said, 5 of thise degrees

maken a mile-wey, and 3 mile-wey maken an houre. And every

degree of this bordure conteneth 4 minutes, and every minut 60

secoundes; now have I told thee twye. And for the more

declaracioun, lo here the figure.

17. The plate under thy riet is descryved with 3 principal

cercles; of which the leste is cleped the cercle of Cancer, by-cause

that the heved of Cancer turneth evermor consentrik up-on

the same cercle. In this heved of Cancer is the grettest declinacioun

5

northward of the sonne. And ther-for is he cleped the

Solsticioun of Somer; whiche declinacioun, aftur Ptholome, is 23

degrees and 50 minutes, as wel in Cancer as in Capricorne. This

signe of Cancre is cleped the Tropik of Somer, of tropos, that is

to seyn 'agaynward'; for thanne by-ginneth the sonne to passe

10

fro us-ward. And for the more declaracioun, lo here the figure.

The middel cercle in wydnesse, of thise 3, is cleped the Cercle

Equinoxial; up-on whiche turneth evermo the hedes of Aries and

Libra. And understond wel, that evermo this Cercle Equinoxial

turneth iustly fro verrey est to verrey west; as I have shewed thee

15

in the spere solide. This same cercle is cleped also the Weyere,

equator, of the day; for whan the sonne is in the hevedes of

Aries and Libra, than ben the dayes and the nightes ilyke of

lengthe in al the world. And ther-fore ben thise two signes

called the Equinoxies. And alle that moeveth with-in the

hevedes of thise Aries and Libra, his moeving is cleped northward;

and alle that moeveth with-oute thise hevedes, his moeving

is cleped south-ward as fro the equinoxial. Tak keep of thise

latitudes north and sowth, and forget it nat. By this Cercle

Equinoxial ben considered the 24 houres of the clokke; for

25

everemo the arysing of 15 degrees of the equinoxial maketh an

houre equal of the clokke. This equinoxial is cleped the girdel

of the firste moeving, or elles of the angulus primi motus vel

primi mobilis. And nota, that firste moeving is cleped 'moeving'

of the firste moevable of the 8 spere, whiche moeving is fro est to

30

west, and eft agayn in-to est; also it is clepid 'girdel' of the first

moeving, for it departeth the firste moevable, that is to seyn, the

spere, in two ilyke parties, evene-distantz fro the poles of this

world.

The wydeste of thise three principal cercles is cleped the

35

Cercle of Capricorne, by-cause that the heved of Capricorne

turneth evermo consentrik up-on the same cercle. In the heved

of this for-seide Capricorne is the grettest declinacioun southward

of the sonne, and ther-for is it cleped the Solsticioun of Winter.

This signe of Capricorne is also cleped the Tropik of Winter, for

40

thanne byginneth the sonne to come agayn to us-ward. And for

the more declaracioun, lo here thy figure.

18. Upon this forseide plate ben compassed certein cercles

that highten Almicanteras, of which som of hem semen perfit

cercles, and somme semen inperfit. The centre that standith

a-middes the narwest cercle is cleped the Senith; and the

5

netherest cercle, or the firste cercle, is clepid the Orisonte, that

is to seyn, the cercle that devydeth the two emisperies, that is,

the partie of the hevene a-bove the erthe and the partie be-nethe.

Thise Almicanteras ben compowned by two and two, al-be-it so

that on divers Astrolabies some Almicanteras ben devyded by oon,

10

and some by two, and somme by three, after the quantite of the

Astrolabie. This forseide senith is imagened to ben the verrey

point over the crowne of thyn heved; and also this senith is the

verrey pool of the orisonte in every regioun. And for the

more declaracioun, lo here thy figure.

19. From this senith, as it semeth, ther come a maner crokede

strykes lyke to the clawes of a loppe, or elles like to the werk of a

womanes calle, in kerving overthwart the Almikanteras. And

thise same strykes or divisiouns ben cleped Azimuthz. And they

5

devyden the orisonte of thyn Astrolabie in four and twenty

devisiouns. And thise Azimutz serven to knowe the costes of the

firmament, and to othre conclusiouns, as for to knowe the cenith

of the sonne and of every sterre. And for more declaracioun, lo

here thy figure.

20. Next thise azimutz, under the Cercle of Cancer, ben ther

twelve devisiouns embelif, moche like to the shap of the azimutes,

that shewen the spaces of the houres of planetes; and for more

declaracioun, lo here thy figure.

21. The Riet of thyn Astrolabie with thy zodiak, shapen in

maner of a net or of a loppe-webbe after the olde descripcioun,

which thow mayst tornen up and doun as thy-self lyketh, conteneth

certein nombre of sterres fixes, with hir longitudes and latitudes

5

determinat; yif so be that the makere have nat erred. The names

of the sterres ben writen in the margin of the riet ther as they sitte;

of whiche sterres the smale poynt is cleped the Centre. And

understond also that alle sterres sittinge with-in the zodiak of thyn

Astrolabie ben cleped 'sterres of the north,' for they arysen by

10

northe the est lyne. And alle the remenant fixed, out of the

zodiak, ben cleped 'sterres of the south;' but I sey nat that they

arysen alle by southe the est lyne; witnesse on Aldeberan and

Algomeysa. Generally understond this rewle, that thilke sterres

that ben cleped sterres of the north arysen rather than the degree

15

of hir longitude, and alle the sterres of the south arysen after the

degree of hir longitude; this is to seyn, sterres fixed in thyn

Astrolabie. The mesure of this longitude of sterres is taken in the

lyne ecliptik of hevene, under which lyne, whan that the sonne

and the mone ben lyne-right or elles in the superfice of this lyne,

20

than is the eclips of the sonne or of the mone; as I shal declare,

and eek the cause why. But sothly the Ecliptik Lyne of thy

zodiak is the outtereste bordure of thy zodiak, ther the degrees ben

marked.

Thy Zodiak of thyn Astrolabie is shapen as a compas which that

25

conteneth a large brede, as after the quantite of thyn Astrolabie;

in ensample that the zodiak in hevene is imagened to ben a superfice

contening a latitude of twelve degrees, wheras al the remenant

of cercles in the hevene ben imagined verrey lynes with-oute eny

latitude. Amiddes this celestial zodiak ys imagined a lyne, which

30

that is cleped the Ecliptik Lyne, under which lyne is evermo the

wey of the sonne. Thus ben ther six degrees of the zodiak on

that on side of the lyne, and six degrees on that other. This

zodiak is devided in twelve principal devisiouns, that departen the

twelve signes. And, for the streitnes of thin Astrolabie, than is

35

every smal devisioun in a signe departid by two degrees and two;

I mene degrees contening sixty minutes. And this forseide

hevenissh zodiak is cleped the Cercle of the Signes, or the Cercle

of the Bestes; for zodia in langage of Greek sowneth 'bestes' in

Latin tonge; and in the zodiak ben the twelve signes that ban

40

names of bestes; or elles, for whan the sonne entreth in any of the

signes, he taketh the propretee of swich bestes; or elles, for that

the sterres that ben there fixed ben disposed in signes of bestes,

or shape like bestes; or elles, whan the planetes ben under thilke

signes, they causen us by hir influence operaciouns and effectes

45

lyk to the operaciouns of bestes. And understonde also, that whan

an hot planete cometh in-to an hot signe, than encresseth his hete;

and yif a planete be cold, thanne amenuseth his coldnesse, by-cause

of the hote signe. And by this conclusioun maystow take ensample

in alle the signes, be they moist or drye, or moeble or fix; rekening

50

the qualitee of the planete as I first seide. And everich of

thise twelve signes hath respecte to a certein parcelle of the body

of a man and hath it in governance; as Aries hath thyn heved, and

Taurus thy nekke and thy throte, Gemini thyn armholes and thyn

armes, and so forth; as shal be shewed more pleyn in the fifte

55

partie of this tretis. This zodiak, which that is part of the eighte

spere, over-kerveth the equinoxial; and he over-kerveth him again

in evene parties; and that on half declineth southward, and that

other northward, as pleynly declareth the tretis of the spere. And

for more declaracioun, lo here thy figure.

22. Thanne hastow a label, that is schapen lyk a rewle, save that

it is streit and hath no plates on either ende with holes; but, with

the smale point of the forseide label, shallow calcule thyne

equaciouns in the bordure of thin Astrolabie, as by thyn almury.

5

And for the more declaracioun, lo here thy figure.

23. Thyn Almury is cleped the Denticle of Capricorne, or elles

the Calculer. This same Almury sit fix in the bed of Capricorne,

and it serveth of many a necessarie conclusioun in equaciouns of

thinges, as shal be shewed; and for the more declaracioun, lo here

5

thy figure.

Here endeth the descripcion of the Astrolabie.