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Color Key to North American Birds / with bibliographical appendix cover

Color Key to North American Birds / with bibliographical appendix

Chapter 271: [Pg_261]
By Frank M. Chapman
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About This Book

A practical illustrated field guide that enables identification of North American birds by combining systematic order keys with a color-based key and numerous plates and drawings. It explains how to learn bird names without specimens, describes measurement conventions and abbreviations, offers color illustrations emphasizing field-visible markings, provides systematic tables and bibliographical appendices including nomenclatural changes, and supplies guidance on collecting and preserving specimens, nests, and eggs for scientific study. Arrangement facilitates locating species by order, color pattern, or systematic listing, and the plates are scaled to aid recognition at a distance.

SYSTEMATIC TABLE

Of the Birds of America north of Mexico, arranged according

to the American Ornithologists' Union's 'Check-List

of North American Birds', Third Edition

1910, and Supplement [B], July, 1912.

(The presence of brackets, [ ], indicates that the species is an accidental visitant).

[B] The Auk, xxix, 1912, pp. 380-387.

[C] Note that trinomials are now employed for all the races of a species including the first one described. Hence in place of No. 13, Puffin, Fratercula arctica, we now have No. 13, Puffin, Fratercula arctica arctica. (See pages 6 and 7 for an explanation of this method.)

[D] Note also that in accordance with a ruling of the A. O. U., the apostrophe is used with the names of birds named after individuals. Thus in place of No. 16, Cassin Auklet, we have No. 16, Cassin's Auklet. These changes affect all similar cases throughout the Color Key. After identifying a species, therefore, the student should turn to its number in the Systematic Table to learn whether any change has been made in its name. All alterations other than those of mere nomenclature are given beyond in Appendix I.



Order PYGOPODES. Diving Birds
Family COLYMBIDÆ. Grebes.
A.O.U.
No.		 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
1 Western Grebe Æchmophorus occidentalis 44
2 Holbœll's Grebe Colymbus holbœlli 43
3 Horned Grebe      "     auritus 43
4 Eared Grebe      "     nigricollis californicus 43
5 Mexican Grebe      "     dominicus brachypterus 43
6 Pied-bill Grebe Podilymbus podiceps 43


Family GAVIIDÆ. Loons.
A.O.U.
No.		 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
7 Loon Gavia immer 44
8 Yellow-billed Loon      "     adamsi 44
9 Black-throated Loon      "     arctica 44
10 Pacific Loon      "     pacifica 44
11 Red-throated Loon      "     stellata 44


Family ALCIDÆ. Auks, Murres, and Puffins.
A.O.U.
No.		 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
12 Tufted Puffin Lunda cirrhata 45
13 Puffin Fratercula arctica arctica [C] 45
13a Large-billed Puffin           "                 "     naumanni 45
14 Horned Puffin           "           corniculata 45
15 Rhinoceros Auklet Cerorhinca monocerata 45
16 Cassin's Auklet[D] Ptychoramphus aleuticus 46
17 Paroquet Auklet Phaleris psittacula 47
18 Crested Auklet Æthia cristatella 47
19 Whiskered Auklet      "     pygmæa 47
20 Least Auklet      "     pusilla 47
21 Ancient Murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus 47
23 Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus 46
24 Kittlitz's Murrelet      "     brevirostris 46
25 Xantus's Murrelet      "     hypoleucus 46
26 Craveri's Murrelet      "     craverii 46
27 Black Guillemot Cepphus grylle 48
28 Mandt's Guillemot      "     mandti 48
29 Pigeon Guillemot      "     columba 48
30 Murre Uria troile troile 48
30a California Murre      "        "      californica 48
31 Brunnich's Murre      "     lomvia lomvia 48
31a Pallas's Murre      "        "          arra 48
32 Razor-billed Auk Alca torda 48
33 Great Auk Plautus impennis 48
34 Dovekie Alle alle 46


Order LONGIPENNES. Long Winged Swimmers
Family STERCORARIIDÆ. Skuas and Jaegers
A.O.U.
No.		 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
35 Skua Megalestris skua 51
36 Pomarine Jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus 51
37 Parasitic Jaeger      "     parasiticus 51
38 Long-tailed Jaeger      "     longicaudus 51


Family LARIDÆ. Gulls and Terns
A.O.U.
No.		 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
39 Ivory Gull Pagophila alba 52
40 Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla tridactyla 52
40a Pacific Kittiwake      "     "      pollicaris 52
41 Red-legged Kittiwake Rissa brevirostris 52
42 Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus 53
43 Iceland Gull      "     leucopterus 53
44 Glaucous-winged Gull      "     glaucescens 53
45 Kumlien's Gull      "     kumlieni 53
46 Nelson's Gull      "     nelsoni 53
47 Great Black-backed Gull      "     marinus 54
48 Slaty-backed Gull      "     schistisagus 54
49 Western Gull      "     occidentalis 54
[50] Siberian Gull      "     affinis A.V.
51 Herring Gull      "     argentatus 55
[52] Vega Gull      "     vegæ A.V.
53 California Gull      "     californicus 55
54 Ring-billed Gull      "     delawarensis 52
55 Short-billed Gull      "     brachyrhynchus 52
[56] Mew Gull      "     canus A.V.
57 Heermann's Gull      "     heermanni 54
58 Laughing Gull      "     atricilla 56
59 Franklin's Gull      "     franklini 56
60 Bonaparte's Gull      "     philadelphia 56
[60.1] Little Gull      "     minutus A.V.
61 Ross's Gull Rhodostethia rosea 56
62 Sabine's Gull Xema sabini 56
63 Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica 58
64 Caspian Tern Sterna caspia 57
65 Royal Tern      "     maxima 57
66 Elegant Tern      "     elegans 57
67 Cabot's Tern      "     sandvicensis acuflavida 57
[68] Trudeau's Tern      "     trudeaui A.V.
69 Forster's Tern      "     forsteri 59
70 Common Tern      "     hirundo 59
71 Arctic Tern      "     paradisæa 59
72 Roseate Tern      "     dougalli 59
73 Aleutian Tern      "     aleutica 58
74 Least Tern      "     antillarum 58
75 Sooty Tern      "     fuscata 60
[76] Bridled Tern      "     anætheta 58
77 Black Tern Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis 60
[78] White-winged Black Tern      "     leucoptera A.V.
79 Noddy Anoüs stolidus 60


Family RYNCHOPIDÆ. Skimmers.
A.O.U.
No.		 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
80 Black Skimmer Rynchops nigra 60


Order TUBINARES. Tube-nosed Swimmers

Family DIOMEDEIDÆ. Albatrosses.
A.O.U.
No.		 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
81 Black-footed Albatross Diomedea nigripes 62
82 Short-tailed Albatross      "     albatrus 62
82.1 Laysan Albatross      "     immutabilis 62
[83] Yellow-nosed Albatross Thalassogeron culminatus 62
[84] Sooty Albatross Phœbetria palpebrata 62


Family PROCELLARIIDÆ. Fulmars, Shearwaters, and Petrels.
A.O.U.
No.		 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
[85] Giant Fulmar Macronectes giganteus A.V.
86 Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis glacialis 63
86b Pacific Fulmar      "     "     glupischa 63
86.1 Rodger's Fulmar      "     rodgersi 63
87 Slender-billed Fulmar Priocella glacialoides 63
[102] Pintado Petrel Daption capense A.V.
88 Cory's Shearwater Puffinus borealis 64
89 Greater Shearwater      "     gravis 64
[90] Manx Shearwater      "     puffinus A.V.
91 Pink-footed Shearwater      "     creatopus 64
92 Audubon's Shearwater Puffinus lherminieri 64
[92.1] Allied Shearwater      "     assimilis A.V.
93 Black-vented Shearwater      "     opisthomelas 64
93.1 Townsend's Shearwater      "     auricularis 64
95 Sooty Shearwater      "     griseus 63
96 Slender-billed Shearwater      "     tenuirostris 64
96.1 Wedge-tailed Shearwater      "     cuneatus 63
[96.2] New Zealand Shearwater      "     bulleri A.V.
[97] Black-tailed Shearwater Priofinus cinereus A.V.
[98] Black-capped Petrel Æstrelata hasitata 65
[99] Scaled Petrel      "     scalaris A.V.
100 Fisher's Petrel      "     fisheri A.V.
[101] Bulwer's Petrel Bulweria bulweri A.V.
103 Least Petrel Halocyptena microsoma 65
104 Stormy Petrel Thalassidroma pelagica 66
105 Forked-tailed Petrel Oceanodroma furcata 65
105.2 Kaeding's Petrel Oceanodroma kaedingi 65
106 Leach's Petrel      "     leucorhoa 66
106.1 Guadalupe Petrel      "     macrodactyla 66
[106.2] Hawaiian Petrel      "     castro A.V.
107 Black Petrel      "     melania 66
108 Ashy Petrel      "     homochroa 65
108.1 Socorro Petrel      "     socorroensis 66
109 Wilson's Petrel Oceanites oceanicus 66
[110] White-bellied Petrel Fregetta grallaria A.V.
[111] White-faced Petrel Pelagodroma marina A.V.


Order STEGANOPODES. Totipalmate Swimmers
Family PHAËTHONTIDÆ. Tropic Birds.
A.O.U.
No.		 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
112 Yellow-billed Tropic-bird Phaëthon americanus 69
113 Red-billed Tropic-bird      "     æthereus 69
[113.1] Red-tailed Tropic-bird      "     rubricaudus A.V.


Family SULIDÆ. Gannets.
A.O.U.
No.		 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
[114] Blue-faced Booby Sula cyanops 70
114.1 Blue-footed Booby   "   nebouxi 70
115 Booby   "     leucogastra 70
115.1 Brewster's Booby   "   brewsteri 70
[116] Red-footed Booby   "   piscator 70
117 Gannet   "   bassana 69


Family ANHINGIDÆ. Darters.
A.O.U.
No.		 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
118 Water-Turkey Anhinga anhinga 73


Family PHALACROCORACIDÆ. Cormorants.
A.O.U.
No.		 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
119 Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 70
120 Double-crested Cormorant      "     auritus auritus 71
120a Florida Cormorant      "     "     floridanus 71
120b White-crested Cormorant      "     "     cincinatus 71
120c Farallon Cormorant      "     "     albociliatus 71
121 Mexican Cormorant      "     vigua mexicanus 71
122 Brandt's Cormorant      "     penicillatus 72
123 Pelagic Cormorant      "     pelagicus pelagicus 72
123a Violet-green Cormorant      "     "     robustus 72
123b Baird's Cormorant      "     "     resplendens 72
124 Red-faced Cormorant      "     urile 72


Family PELECANIDÆ. Pelicans.
A.O.U.
No.		 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
125 White Pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos 73
126 Brown Pelican      "     occidentalis 73
127 California Brown Pelican      "     californicus 73


Family FREGATIDÆ. Man-o'-War Birds.
A.O.U.
No.		 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
128 Man-o'-war-bird Fregata aquila 73


Order ANSERES. Lamellirostral Swimmers
Family ANATIDÆ. Ducks, Geese, and Swans.
A.O.U.
No.		 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page
129 American Merganser Mergus americanus 76
130 Red-breasted Merganser      "     serrator 76
131 Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus 76
[131.1] Smew Mergellus albellus A.V.
132 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 76
133 Black Duck      "     rubripes 77
134 Florida Duck      "     fulvigula fulvigula 77
134a Mottled Duck      "     "     maculosa 77
135 Gadwall Chaulelasmus streperus 77
136 European Widgeon Mareca penelope 77
137 Baldpate      "     americana 77
[138] European Teal Nettion crecca A.V.
139 Green-winged Teal      "     carolinense 78
140 Blue-winged Teal Querquedula discors 78
141 Cinnamon Teal      "     cyanoptera 78
[141.1] Ruddy Sheldrake Casarca ferruginea A.V.
142 Shoveller Spatula clypeata 78
143 Pintail Dafila acuta 76
144 Wood Duck Aix sponsa 78
[145] Rufous-crested Duck Netta rufina A.V.
146 Redhead Marila americana 79
147 Canvas-back      "     valisineria 79
148 American Scaup Duck      "     marila 79
149 Lesser Scaup Duck      "     affinis 79
150 Ring-necked Duck      "     collaris 79
151 American Golden-eye Clangula clangula americana 80
152 Barrow's Golden-eye      "     islandica 80
153 Buffle-head Charitonetta albeola 80
154 Old-squaw Harelda hyemalis 81
155 Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus 81
156 Labrador Duck Camptorhynchus labradorius 81
157 Steller's Eider Polysticta stelleri 81
158 Spectacled Eider Arctonetta fischeri 82
159 Northern Eider Somateria mollissima borealis 82
160 American Eider      "     dresseri 82
161 Pacific Eider      "     v-nigra 82
162 King Eider      "     spectabilis 82
163 American Scoter Oidemia americana 83
[164] Velvet Scoter      "     fusca A.V.
165 White-winged Scoter      "     deglandi 83
166 Surf Scoter      "     perspicillata 83
167 Ruddy Duck Erismatura jamaicensis 80
[168] Masked Duck Nomonyx dominicus 80
169 Lesser Snow Goose Chen hyperboreus hyperboreus 84
169a Greater Snow Goose      "     "     nivalis 84
169.1 Blue Goose      "     cærulescens 85
170 Ross's Goose      "     rossi 84
[171] European White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons albifrons A.V.
171a White-fronted Goose      "     "     gambeli 85
[171.1] Bean Goose      "     fabalis A.V.
[171.2] Pink-footed Goose      "     brachyrhynchus A.V.
172 Canada Goose Branta canadensis canadensis 86
172a Hutchins's Goose      "     "     hutchinsi 86
172b White-cheeked Goose      "     "     occidentalis 86
172c Cackling Goose      "     "     minima 86
173a Brant      "     bernicla glaucogastra 86
174 Black Brant      "     nigricans 86
[175] Barnacle Goose      "     leucopsis A.V.
176 Emperor Goose Philacte canagica 85
177 Black-bellied Tree-duck Dendrocygna autumnalis 83
178 Fulvous Tree-duck      "     bicolor 83
[179] Whooper Swan Olor cygnus A.V.
180 Whistling Swan      "     columbianus 84
181 Trumpeter Swan      "     buccinator 84