INDEX
TO CORAL-REEFS.
The names in italics are all names of places, and refer exclusively to the Appendix: in well-defined archipelagoes, or groups of islands, the name of each separate island is not given.
Abrolhos, Brazil, coated by corals
50
Abrolhos (Australia) 130
Absence of coral-reefs from certain coasts
51
Acaba, gulf of 147
Admiralty group 124
Africa, east coast, fringing-reef of 48
—— Madreporitic rock of 101
Africa, east coast 141
Age of individual corals 57, 64
Aiou 128
Aitutaki 114
Aldabra 139
Alert reef 123
Alexander, Grand Duke, island
115
Allan, Dr., on Holuthuriæ feeding on corals 21
—— on quick growth of corals at Madagascar 62
—— on reefs affected by currents
9
Alloufatou 119
Alphonse 139
Amargoura (Amargura) 119
Amboina 128
America, west coast 111
Amirantes 138
Anachorites 125
Anambas 133
Anamouka, description of 99
Anamouka 119
Anadaman islands 132
Antilles 153
Appoo reef 134
Arabia Felix 143
Areas, great extent of, interspersed with low islands
—— of subsidence and of elevation
106
—— of subsidence appear to be elongated 106
—— of subsidence alternating with areas of elevation 108
Arru group 128
Arzobispo 127
Ascidia, depth at which found 67
Assomption 139
Astova 139
Atlantic islands 121
Atolls, breaches in their reefs 31, 81
—— dimensions of 25
—— dimensions of groups of
71
—— not based on craters or on banks of sediment, or of
ck 69, 71, 72, 73,
108
—— of irregular forms 25, 84
—— steepness of their flanks
26
—— width of their reef and islets
25
—— their lowness 70
—— lagoons 29
—— general range 94
—— with part of their reef submerged, and theory of 29, 81
Augustine, St. 120
Aurora island, an upraised atoll 64, 71, 104
Aurora 112
Austral islands, recently elevated 99
Austral islands 114
Australia, N.W. coast 130
Australian barrier-reef 42, 93
Australian barrier 123
Babuyan group 134
Bahama banks 149, 150
Balahac 133
Bally 131
Baring 121
Barrier-reef of Australia 42, 93
—— of New Caledonia 44
Barrier-reefs, breaches through 77
—— not based on worn down margin of rock 43
—— on banks of sediment 43
—— on submarine craters 44
—— steepness of their flanks
39
—— their probable vertical thickness 43, 76
—— theory of their formation 76,
78
Bampton shoal 123
Banks islands 122
Banks in the West Indies 147
Bashee islands 134
Bass island 115
Batoa 119
Beaupré reef 123
Beechey, Captain, obligations of the author to
26
—— on submerged reefs 27
—— account of Matilda island
60
Belcher, Captain, on boring through coral-reef
59
Belize reef, off 151
Bellinghausen 113
Bermuda islands 153
Beveridge reef 118
Bligh 122
Bolabola, view of 12
Bombay shoal 136
Bonin Bay 131
Bonin group 127
Borings through coral-reefs 59
Borneo, W. coast, recently elevated 101
Borneo, E. coast 131
—— S.W. and W. coast
133
—— N. coast 133
—— western bank 136
Boscawen 119
Boston 121
Bouka 124
Bourbon 138
Bourou 128
Bouton 132
Brazil, fringing-reefs on coast of 48
Breaches through barrier-reefs 71
Brook 115
Bunker 115
Bunoa 133
Byron 121
Cagayanes 133
Candelaria 124
Cargados Carajos 138
Caroline archipelago 125
Caroline island 115
Carteret shoal 128
Caryophyllia, depth at which it lives 66
Cavilli 133
Cayman island 152
Celebes 129
Ceram 128
Ceylon, recently elevated 101
Ceylon 137
Chagos Great Bank, description and theory of
37, 85
Chagos group 86
Chagos group 137
Chama-shells embedded in coral-rock 68
Chamisso, on corals preferring the surf
52
Changes in the state of Keeling atoll 21
—— of atolls 74
Channels leading into the lagoons of atolls
30, 82
—— —— into the Maldiva atolls 33, 35
—— through barrier-reefs 77
Chase 120
China sea 135
Christmas atoll 60,
97
Christmas atoll 116
Christmas island (Indian Ocean)
137
Clarence 116
Clipperton rock 111
Cocos, or Keeling atoll 15
Cocos (or Keeling) 137
Cocos island (Pacific) 111
Cochin China, encroachments of the sea on the coast 95
Cochin China 183
Coetivi 139
Comoro group 139
Composition of coral-formations 88
Conglomerate coral-rock on Keeling atoll
20
—— on other atolls 28
—— coral-rock 88
Cook islands, recently elevated 98, 103
Cook islands 114
Coral-blocks bored by vermiform animals 21,
88
Coral-reefs, their distribution and absence from certain areas 50
—— destroyed by loose sediment
53
Coral-rock at Keeling atoll 20
—— Mauritius 47
—— organic remains of 88
Corals dead but upright in Keeling lagoon
22
—— depths at which they live
64
—— off Keeling atoll 17
—— killed by a short exposure
16
—— living in the lagoon of Keeling atoll 20
—— quick growth of, in Keeling lagoon 21
—— merely coating the bottom of the sea 50
—— standing exposed in the Low archipelago 96
Corallian sea 94
Corallian sea 123
Cornwallis 121
Cosmoledo 139
Couthouy, Mr., alleged proofs of recent elevation of the Low
archipelago 96
—— on coral-rock at Mangaia and Aurora islands 64
—— on external ledges round coral-islands 80
—— remarks confirmatory of the author’s theory 96
Crescent-formed reefs 84
Cuba 150
Cuming, Mr., on the recent elevation of the Philippines 101
Dangerous, or Low archipelago
111
Danger islands 116
Depths at which reef-building corals live
63
—— at Mauritius, the Red Sea, and in the Maldiva
archipelago 66
—— at which other corals and corallines can live 67
Dhalac group 144
Diego Garcia, slow growth of reef 56
Dimensions of the larger groups of atolls
71
Disseverment of the Maldiva atolls, and theory of 37, 82
Distribution of coral-reefs 50
Domingo, St. 152
Dory, Port, recently elevated 100
Dory, Port 127
Duff islands 122
Durour 125
Eap 126
arthquakes at Keeling atoll 23
—— in groups of atolls 75
—— in Navigator archipelago
100
ast Indian archipelago, recently elevated
100
Easter 111
Echequier 125
hrenberg, on the banks of the Red Sea 49, 143
—— on depths at which corals live in the Red Sea 66
—— on corals preferring the surf
53
—— on the antiquity of certain corals 57
Eimeo 112
levated reef of Mauritius 47
levations, recent proofs of 98
—— immense areas of 106
Elivi 126
lizabeth island 59
—— recently elevated 98, 104
Elizabeth island 112
Ellice group 120
ncircled islands, their height 41
—— geological composition 42, 44
ua, description of 99
Eoua 118
upted matter probably not associated with thick masses of
coral-rock 89
Fais, recently elevated 100, 104
Fais 126
Fanning 116
Farallon de Medinilla 127
Farson group 144
Fataka 122
Fiji archipelago 119
Fish, feeding on corals 21
—— killed in Keeling lagoon by heavy rain 24
Fissures across coral-islands 75
Fitzroy, Captain, on a submerged shed at Keeling atoll 23
—— on an inundation in the Low archipelago 74
Flint 115
Flores 130
Florida 149
Folger 127
Formosa 135
Forster, theory of coral-formations 73
Frederick reef 123
Freewill 128
Friendly group recently elevated 99, 105
Friendly archipelago 118
Fringing-reefs, absent where coast precipitous
5
—— breached in front of streams
54
—— described by MM. Quoy and Gaimard 98
—— not closely attached to shelving coasts 46
—— of east coast of Africa
—— of Cuba 48
—— of Mauritius 45
—— on worn down banks of rock
9
—— on banks of sediment 49
—— their appearance when elevated
7
—— their growth influenced by currents 49
—— by shallowness of sea 49
Galapagos archipelago 111
Galega 139
Gambier islands, section of 43
Gambier islands 112
Gardner 116
Gaspar rico 121
Geological composition of coral-formations
Gilbert archipelago 120
Gilolo 129
Glorioso 139
Gloucester island 74
Glover reef 152
Gomez 111
Gouap 126
Goulou 126
Grampus 127
Gran Cocal 120
Great Chagos Bank, description and theory of
37, 85
Grey, Captain, on sandbars 46
Grouping of the different classes of reefs
93
Guedes 128
Hall, Captain B., on Loo Choo 101
Harvey islands, recently elevated 104
Height of encircled islands 41
Hermites 125
Hervey or Cook islands 114
Hogoleu 125
Holothuriæ (Holuthuriæ) feeding on coral 21
Houden island, height of 71
Honduras, reef off 151
Horn 119
Houtman Abrolhos 130
Huaheine; alleged proofs of its recent elevation 103
Huaheine 113
Humphrey 115
Hunter 119
Hurricanes, effects of, on coral-islands
74
Immaum 143
Independence 120
India, west coast, recently elevated
101
India 143
Irregular reefs in shallow seas 49
Islets of coral-rock, their formation 19
—— their destruction in the Maldiva atolls 36
Jamaica 152
Jarvis 115
Java, recently elevated 100
Java 131
Johnston island 116
Juan de Nova 139
Juan de Nova (Madagascar) 140
Kalatoa 131
Kamtschatka, proofs of its recent elevation
105
Karkalang 129
Keeling atoll, section of reef 15
Keeling, south atoll 137
—— north atoll 137
Keffing 128
Kemin 115,
116
Kennedy 123
Keppel 119
Kumi 135
Laccadive group 137
Ladrones, or Marianas, recently elevated
100
Ladrones archipelago 127
Lagoon of Keeling atoll 20
Lagoons bordered by inclined ledges and walls, and theory of their
formation 32, 79
—— of small atolls filled up with sediment 32
Lagoon-channels within barrier-reefs 40
Lagoon-reefs, all submerged in some atolls, and rising to the
surface in others 55
Lancaster reef 115
Latte 119
Lauglan islands 123
Ledges round certain lagoons 32, 79
Lette 129
Lighthouse reef 152
Lloyd, Mr., on corals refixing themselves
62
Loo Choo, recently elevated 101
Loo Choo 135
Louisiade 123
Low archipelago, alleged proofs of its recent elevation 96
Low archipelago 111
Lowness of coral-islands 70
Loyalty group 123
Lucepara 133
Lutké, Admiral, on fissures across coral-islands 75
Luzon, recently elevated 101
Luzon 134
Lyell, Mr., on channels into the lagoons of atolls 31
—— on the lowness of their leeward sides 82
—— on the antiquity of certain corals 58
—— on the apparent continuity of distinct coral-islands
89
—— on the recently elevated beds of the Red Sea 102
—— on the outline of the areas of subsidence 106
Macassar strait 131
Macclesfield bank 136
Madagascar, quick growth of corals at 62
—— madreporitic rock of 101
Madagascar 140
Madjiko-sima 135
Madura (Java) 131
Madura (India) 137
Mahlos Mahdoo, theory of formation 88
Malacca, recently elevated 100
Malacca 133
Malcolmson, Dr., on recent elevation of W. coast of India 100
—— on recent elevation of Camaran island 102
Malden 115
Maldiva atolls, and theory of their formation
33, 80, 82
—— steepness of their flanks
26
—— growth of coral at 62
Maldiva archipelago 137
Mangaia island 64
—— recently elevated 99, 104
Mangaia 114
Mangs 127
Marianas, recently elevated 100
Mariana archipelago 127
Mariere 126
Marquesas archipelago 113
Marshall archipelago 121
Marshall island 127
Martinique 153
Martires 126
Mary’s St. in Madagascar, harbour made in reefs
54
Mary island 116
Matia, or Aurora 112
Matilda atoll 60
Mauritius, fringing-reefs of 45
—— depths at which corals live there 64
—— recently elevated 101
Mauritius 138
Maurua, section of 43
Maurua 113
Menchikoff atoll 25,
Mendana archipelago 113
Mendana isles 122
Mexico, gulf of 149
Millepora complanata at Keeling atoll 16
Mindoro 134
Mohilla (Mohila) 139
Molucca islands, recently elevated 100
Mopeha 113
Moresby, Captain, on boring through coral-reefs
59
Morty 129
Mosquito coast 152
Musquillo atoll 84
Mysol 129
Namourrek group 84
Natunas 133
Navigator archipelago, elevation of 99
Navigator archipelago 117
Nederlandisch 120
Nelson, Lieutenant, on the consolidation of coral-rocks under water
59
—— theory of coral-formations
73
—— on the Bermuda islands
154
New Britain 124
New Caledonia, steepness of its reefs 39
—— —— barrier-reef of
, 79, 83, 93
New Caledonia 123
New Guinea (E. end) 124
New Guinea (W. end) 127
New Hanover 124
New Hebrides, recently elevated 100
New Hebrides 121
New Ireland, recently elevated 100
New Ireland 124
New Nantucket 116
Nicobar islands 132
Niouha 119
Nulliporæ at Keeling atoll 18
—— on the reefs of atolls 28
—— on barrier-reefs 39
—— their wide distribution and abundance 68
Objections to the theory of subsidence 7
Ocean islands 117, 121
Ono 120
Onouafu (Onouafou) 119
Ormuz 143
Oscar group 120
Oscillations of level 103, 108
Ouallan, or Ualan (Oualan) 125
Ouluthy atoll 60
Outong Java 124
Palawan, S.W. coast 133
—— N.W. coast 134
—— western bank 136
Palmerston 114
Palmyra 116
Paracells 136
Paraquas 136
Patchow 135
Pelew islands 126
Pemba island, singular form of 102
Pemba 142
Penrhyn 115
Peregrino 115
Pernambuco, bar of sandstone at 47
Persian gulf, recently elevated 102
Persian gulf 143
Pescado 115
Pescadores 135
Peyster group 120
Philip 126
Philippine archipelago, recently elevated
101
Philippine archipelago 134
Phœnix 116
Piguiram 126
Pitcairn 112
Pitt’s bank 86
Pitt island 120
Platte 139
Pleasant 121
Porites, chief coral on margin of Keeling atoll
16
Postillions 131
Pouynipète 95
—— its probable subsidence
95
Pouynipète 125
Pratas shoal 135
Proby 119
Providence 139
Puerto Rico 152
Pulo Anna 126
Pumice floated to coral-islands 88
Pylstaart 118
Pyrard de Laval, astonishment at the atolls in the Indian Ocean 11
Quoy and Gaimard, depths at which corals live
66
—— description of reefs applicable only to
fringing-reefs 98
Range of atolls 94
Rapa 115
Rearson 115
Red Sea, banks of rock coated by reefs
49
—— proofs of its recent elevation
102
—— supposed subsidence of
103
Red Sea 143
Reefs, irregular in shallow seas 49
—— rising to the surface in some lagoons and all
submerged in others 55
—— their distribution 50
—— their absence from some coasts
51
Revilla-gigedo 111
Ring-formed reefs of the Maldiva atolls, and theory of , 80
Rodriguez 138
Rosario 127
Rose island 118
Rotches 120
Rotoumah 120
Roug 125
Rowley shoals 130
Rüppell, Dr., on the recent deposits of Red Sea 102
Sable, ile de 138
Sahia de Malha 137
St. Pierre 139
Sala 111
Salomon (Solomon) archipelago
123
Samoa, or Navigator archipelago, elevation of
99
Samoa archipelago 117
Sand-bars parallel to coasts 46
Sandal-wood 129
Sandwich archipelago, recently elevated
98
Sandwich archipelago 117
Sanserot 126
Santa-Cruz group 122
Savage island, recently elevated 59, 99, 104
Savage 118
Savu 129
Saya, or Sahia de Malha 137
Scarborough shoal 136
Scarus feeding on corals 21
Schouten 124
Scilly 113
Scoriæ floated to coral-islands 89
Scott’s reef 130
Sections of islands encircled by barrier-reefs
43, 176
—— of Bolabola 76
Sediment in Keeling lagoon 21
—— in other atolls 29, 35
—— injurious to corals 53
—— transported from coral-islands far seaward 89
Seniavine 125
Serangani 129
Seychelles 138
Ship-bottom quickly coated with coral 62
Smyth island 116
Society archipelago, stationary condition of
96
—— alleged proofs of recent elevation 103
Society archipelago 112
Socotra 143
Solor 130
Sooloo islands, recently elevated 101
Sooloo islands 133
Souvaroff 115
Spanish 126
Sponge, depths at which found 67
Starbuck (Slarbuck) 115
Stones transported in roots of trees 89
Storms, effects of, on coral-islands 74
Stutchbury, Mr., on the growth of an Agaricia
63
—— on upraised corals in Society archipelago 103
Subsidence of Keeling atoll 28
—— extreme slowness of 87, 108
—— areas of, apparently elongated
106
—— areas of immense 106
—— great amount of 108
Suez, gulf of 147
Sulphur islands 127
Sumatra, recently elevated 100
Sumatra 132
Sumbawa 130
Surf favourable to the growth of massive corals
52
Swallow shoal 136
Sydney island 116
Tahiti, alleged proofs of its recent elevation
103
Tahiti 112
Temperature of the sea at the Galapagos archipelago 51
Tenasserim 133
Tenimber island 128
Teturoa 113
Theories on coral-formations 69, 73
Theory of subsidence, and objections to 72,
86
Thickness, vertical, of barrier-reefs 43, 76
Thomas, St. 153
Tikopia 122
Timor, recently elevated 100
Timor 129
Timor-laut 128
Tokan-Bessees 131
Tongatabou 118
Tonquin 137
Toubai 113
Toufoa (Toofoa) 119
Toupoua 122
Traditions of change in coral-islands 73
Tridacnæ embedded in coral-rock 63
—— left exposed in the Low archipelago 96
Tubularia, quick growth of 63
Tumbelan 133
Turneffe reef 152
Turtle 119
Ualan 125
Vanikoro, section of 43
—— its state and changes in its reefs 95
Vanikoro 122
Vine reef 125
Virgin Gorda 153
Viti archipelago 119
Volcanic islands, with living corals on their shores 51
—— matter, probably not associated with thick masses of
coral-rock 88
Volcanoes, authorities for their position on the map 90
—— their presence determined by the movements in
progress 104
—— absent or extinct in the areas of subsidence 105
Waigiou 128
Wallis island 119
Washington 116
Wells’ reef 123
Wellstead, Lieutenant, account of a ship coated with corals 62
West Indies, banks of sediment fringed by reefs
49
—— recently elevated 102
West Indies 147
Whitsunday island, view of 12
—— changes in its state 74
Williams, Rev. J., on traditions of the natives regarding
coral-islands 74
—— on antiquity of certain corals
64
Wolchonsky 111
Wostock 115
Xulla islands 128
York island 116
Yucutan, coast of 151
Zones of different kinds of corals outside the same reefs 55, 60