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Corruption in American politics and life

Chapter 8: FOOTNOTES:
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About This Book

The author offers a systematic, dispassionate analysis of political corruption, first examining and rebutting common defenses such as claims that corruption promotes business efficiency, protects social order, or is an inevitable stage of progress. He proposes a clear ethical definition that distinguishes corruption from bribery and from mere inefficiency, analyzes motives, rewards, degrees of personal and partisan interest, and shows how corruption adapts across institutions. Historical and comparative examples illustrate persistent forms, changing modalities, and practical limits, while later chapters extend the inquiry to corrupting influences in professions, journalism, and higher education.

FOOTNOTES:

[15] Other illustrations of auto-corruption may be found in speculation by inside officials on the basis of crop reports not yet made public, and in real-estate deals based on a knowledge of projected public improvements.

[16] Misperformance and neglect of duty do not clearly include cases of usurpation with corrupt motives; hence the addition of this clause to the definition. Some usurpations may of course be defended as involving high and unselfish motives, and hence free from corruption.

[17] Mr. Seeley has shown, of course, that no actual despotism, so-called, really conforms to this conception, but for purposes of argument, at least, the assumption may be permitted to stand.

[18] Political Science Quarterly, vol. xix (1904), p. 673.

[19] Cf. C. Howard, “The Spirit of Graft,” Outlook, vol. lxxxi (1905), p. 365.

[20] Outlook, 65:115 (May 12, 1905).

[21] Political Science Quarterly, vol. xviii (1902), p. 188.

[22] Atlantic, vol. xcv (1905), p. 781.

[23] J. E. C. Bodley, France, bk. iii, ch. vi, p. 306.