Darwin

INDEX

Abstemiousness, D.’s, 182.
Accuracy, D. and, in observation, 21;
in statement, 22, 23;
mathematical, and instruments, 24;
his hobby, 59.
Achievement, motives, 96-99;
D.’s attitude, 99-101.
Adams, Henry, effect of evolution on, 242.
Æsthetics, observation in, 11;
D.’s attitude, 137;
effect of scientific spirit, 272, 275.
Agassiz, Alexander, on D.’s coral-reef theory, 65;
on D. and candor, 105.
Agassiz, Louis, and evolution, 103.
Agnosticism, as dogma, 283, 284.
Agriculture, revolution, 11.
Ambition, as trait, D. on it, 96.
Amiel, H. F., self-dissection, 280.
Animals, D.’s love, 135, 188.
Appearance, D.’s, 168.
Appreciation, D.’s trait, 79, 80;
element in scientific spirit, 263.
Architecture, D.’s attitude, 139.
Ardor, element in scientific spirit, 264.
Argument, D.’s attitude, 74.
Aristotle, on experiment, 56;
and evolution, 84.
Arnold, Matthew, on Goethe, 271.
Art, D.’s attitude, 138-40;
evolution and realism, 225.
Barnacles, D.’s study, 26.
Bates, H. W., and nature, 12.
Beagle, D.’s voyage, 4.
Bell, Thomas, and D., 173.
Bergson, Henri, and evolution, 235.
Bryce, Lord, on D. and Gladstone, 133;
on D.’s appearance, 168.
Buckle, H. T., D. on, 143.
Buffon, Comte de, and evolution, 84, 119.
Burbank, Luther, and experiment, 57;
and future life, 228.
Butler, Samuel, D.’s controversy, 108;
and religion and evolution, 237.
Byron, Lord, and nature, 152.
Candor, D.’s trait, 77-79, 105.
Castle, W. E., on experiment, 57.
Caution, element in scientific spirit, 245.
See also Deduction.
Chambers, Robert, and evolution, 84.
Children. See Family.
Civil War, D.’s interest, 134.
Collecting, D. and, 43.
Comparison, D.’s trait, 31.
Conklin, E. G., on natural selection, 125;
on evolution and religion, 239.
Conscience, activity of D.’s, 160.
Controversy, over evolution, 6;
D.’s attitude, 76, 77, 107.
Conversation, D.’s, 170.
Coolidge, Calvin, on politics and religion, 222.
Copernicus, and orthodoxy, 209.
Coral reefs, D.’s theory, 64-66.
Correspondence, character of D.’s, 78, 145.
Cowper, William, and nature, 149, 150.
Creation, desire, 98.
Criticism, D.’s attitude, 104-17.
Cruelty, D.’s hatred, 135.
Curiosity, element of scientific spirit, 248, 249;
Sainte-Beuve and Goethe and, 268, 270.
Darwin, Charles R., influence, 3;
character, 3;
birth, 3;
ancestry, 3;
education, 4, 45;
interest in outdoor life and sport, 4, 174-76;
Beagle voyage, 4, 14;
marriage, home and children, family life, 4, 196-201;
invalidism, patience, 5, 36, 177-83, 193-95;
tomb, 6;
scientific observation, on it, 6, 14-16;
and self-analysis, 16;
study of expression, 17-19, 198;
promotion of observation by others, 19, 23;
accuracy, 21-24, 59;
and detail, 25;
industry and patience, 27-30, 252;
system, 30, 31, 183;
element of comparison, 31;
difficulties and discomforts of outdoor observation, 32-34;
sympathy, and observation, 34-36;
effect of physical limitations, 36, 37;
and collecting, 43;
and observation and deduction, 44-46, 250;
on Spencer, 47, 78;
and deduction and induction, 46-48;
mental power and activity, 48;
control over theorizing, 51, 54, 55, 115, 124;
on excessive theorizing, 52, 53, 254;
and experiment, 56-62;
exposition, style, caution, 62-64, 143-45, 212;
on coral reefs, 64-66;
on sexual selection, 66, 67;
on pangenesis, 68;
and metaphysics, 69;
doubt and self-criticism, 70, 71;
and objections and difficulties, 71, 72, 113-15;
and revision, 73, 118;
and argument, 74-76;
and controversy, 76, 107;
and mistakes, 77;
candor, 77-79, 105;
as correspondent, 78, 145;
appreciation and tolerance, 79, 80, 262, 263;
and ignorance and deceptive reasoning, 80-82;
and motives of achievement, 99-101;
Butler controversy, 108;
humility, 110, 258, 260;
success of books, 122;
fame, 126;
atrophy of other interests, 128-30, 272, 275;
and history, 130, 131;
and politics, 131-34;
and Civil War, 134;
and slavery, 134;
and animals, hatred of cruelty, 135, 188;
and vivisection, 136;
and social questions, 136, 137;
and æsthetics, 137-40;
and music, 140-42;
and fiction, 145;
and poetry, 146-48;
and natural beauty, 148, 153-56;
and religion and conscience, 156-63;
personal appearance, 168;
hospitality, 169;
conversation, 170-72;
fun, 172;
and society, 173, 178;
humanity, 176;
abstemiousness and indulgence, 182;
regimen, 183; finances, 184-86;
generosity, 186;
manner and temperament, 188;
and his father, 190; as fiancé, 190-92;
as husband, wife’s care, 192-94;
friendship and services, 201-07;
impartiality, 256;
on scientific ardor, 264;
on love of truth, 266.
See also Evolution.
Darwin, Emma (Wedgwood), 4;
and theater, 139;
and D.’s religious attitude, 157;
D. as fiancé, 190-92,
and as husband, 192;
as wife, and D.’s invalidism, 193-96;
and D.’s theories, 218.
Darwin, Erasmus, 4;
and evolution, 84, 85;
controversy over biography, 108.
Deduction, observation and, 44-46;
and induction, 46-48;
D.’s attitude, 46, 47;
D.’s power, 48-50, 69;
his control over it, 51, 54, 55, 115, 124;
D. on excessive, 52, 53;
types of thinkers, 53-55;
experiment and, 55;
D. and experiment, 56-62;
D. and exposition, 62-64;
illustrations of his theorizing, 64-69;
D. and doubt, 70, 71;
D. and objections, 71, 72;
his trait of revision, 73;
D. and arguments, 74-77;
D. and mistakes, 77;
D. and deception in reason, 80-82, 115.
See also Observation; Scientific spirit.
Democracy, evolution and, 223.
Details, D. and, 25.
De Vries, Hugo, imitation theory, 124.
Discipline, D. and his children, 197.
Doubt, value, 70;
in D.’s logical processes, 70, 71;
aspects of agnosticism, 203-05.
See also Religion.
Drink, D. and, 182.
Earthworms, D.’s study, 21, 42, 151.
Education, D.’s, 4;
training in deduction, 45.
Eliot, C. W., effect of evolution on, 246.
Emerson, R. W., on evolution, 42, 234;
and nature, 151.
Empedocles, and evolution, 84.
Ethics, D. and morality, 160;
and evolution, 213-15, 219, 222, 231.
Evolution, idea and D.’s explanation of process, 4;
controversy, 6;
acceptance of principle, 6, 121, 125;
effect on study of natural history, 40-43;
as term, 83;
before Darwin, 83-85, 101, 233;
theory of inheritance of acquired characters, D. and, 85, 87;
D. and predecessors, 85-88;
beginning of D.’s interest, 88;
his development of theory of natural selection, 89-91;
his statement of theory, 91;
his realization of influence of theory, 92, 209-13;
his years of study and experiment, 92, 93;
Wallace and presentation of theory, 93, 94;
D. and Wallace, 94, 95;
Origin of Species, its effect, 96;
D.’s attitude toward, as achievement, 99-101, 122-24;
attacks by scientists, 102;
religious attacks, 103;
D. and attacks, 104-08;
D. and other workers, 109;
D. and difficulties, 111-17;
D.’s revisions, 118;
modification of theory, 119-21, 124;
promulgators, 121;
effect on theology, 209;
D.’s caution in statement, 212;
D. and ethical standards under theory, 213;
D. and effect on belief, 215, 216;
D. and belief in God, 216-18;
and atheism, 218-20;
as typifying scientific influence on life, 221;
influence on politics, 222-25;
and realism, 225;
and hell and heaven, 227;
and popular belief in God and worship, 229, 230;
and substitute for sin, 231-33;
philosophical, 233-35;
clerical harmonizing with religion, 236;
Fundamentalists and, 237, 282;
scientific harmonizing, 237-39;
and individualism in religious belief, 239, 240;
future adjustment with religion, 240;
destructive spiritual effect, 241-47;
self-contradictions in reason, 280.
Experiment, D.’s devotion, 5, 56;
position, 55;
equipment, 57;
D.’s thoroughness, 58;
impersonality, 58;
accuracy, repetition, 59;
recording, errors and successes, 61.
Exposition, D.’s power, 62-64;
illustrations, 64-69.
Expression, D.’s study, 17-19.
Eye, and evolutionary theory, 112.
Fabre, J. H., and nature, 12.
Fame, as motive of achievement, 96-101.
Family, D. and father’s memory, 190;
D. as fiancé, 190-92;
husband and wife, 192-96;
children, training, 196-201;
their assistance, 200.
Farrer, Sir Thomas, on D.’s detailed observation, 26.
Fichte, J. H. von, and evolution, 233.
Fiction, D.’s attitude, 145.
Financial condition, D.’s, 184;
his attitude and care, 185;
his generosity, 186.
Finney, C. G., on revival, 230.
Fiske, John, and evolution, 122, 241.
France, Anatole, effect of evolution on, 242.
Friendship, D.’s trait, 201, 202;
his influence over friends, 202;
his dependence, 203;
his services to friends, 204-07.
Fun, D.’s trait, 172.
Fundamentalism, attacks on evolution, 103, 282;
ethical attitude, 232;
theological attitude, 237.
Gautier, Théophile, on observation, 7;
as poet, 11.
Generosity, D.’s trait, 186.
George, Henry D. and Progress and Poverty, 137.
Gladstone, W. E., and D., 133.
God, D.’s attitude, 164-67;
influence of evolution on belief, 216-18, 229;
thirst for, 285.
Goethe, J. W. von, on repetitions, 59;
on doubt, 70;
on mistakes, 77;
and evolution, 85;
and poetry, 148;
on love of truth, 265;
and scientific spirit, 270, 271;
pessimism, 274;
on active ignorance, 279.
Gould, George M., on D.’s invalidism, 180.
Grant Duff, Sir M. E., on D., 182.
Gray, Asa, on D.’s observation, 14;
on D. as thinker, 49;
relations with D., 110;
and evolution, 121, 238.
Häckel, Ernst, and D., 110;
and evolution, 122;
atheism, 219.
Hartmann, K. R. E. von, and evolution, 233.
Hegel, G. W. F., type, 53;
and evolution, 233.
Hell, obsolete, 227.
History, D. and, 130, 131.
Homer, on self-ignorance, 282.
Hooker, Sir Joseph, on Darwin-Wallace paper, 94;
and D., 101, 110.
Hospitality, D.’s, 169.
Humanity, and study of natural history, 40-43, 136;
Sainte-Beuve’s study, 267, 268.
Humility, D.’s trait, 110;
and scientific spirit, 257-61.
Huxley, T. H., on D. and detailed observation, 26;
on D.’s industry, 27;
and induction, 46;
on D.’s mental processes, 62;
on D.’s candor, 79;
on effect of Origin of Species, 96;
and Bishop of Oxford’s attack, 103;
restraint of D., 108;
on D. and adverse suggestions, 115;
and promulgation of D.’s theory, 121;
on D.’s style, 144;
relations with D., 203-05;
on influence of D.’s appreciation, 206;
and religion, 219;
on D.’s impartiality, 256.
Ibsen, Henrik, effect of evolution on, 241.
Ignorance, realization and scientific spirit, 257, 283.
Imagination. See Deduction.
Immortality, D.’s attitude, 163;
effect of evolution, 215.
Impartiality, element in scientific spirit, 255;
Sainte-Beuve and, 268.
Induction, and deduction, 46-48.
See also Deduction.
Industry, D.’s, 27;
element in scientific spirit, 251.
Inheritance of acquired characters, Lamarck’s theory, 85, 90;
D.’s attitude toward, 87, 119, 120.
Instruments, D.’s faith, 25.
Instinct in practical life, 278, 279.
Interests, absorption and atrophy, 128-30, 272.
Invalidism, D.’s, 5, 36, 177;
his attitude toward it, 178, 179, 194;
cause, 179-81;
Mrs. D.’s care, 193-96.
James, William, and evolution, 234.
Jeffries, Richard, and nature, 12.
Jonson, Ben, on observation, 7;
on self-ignorance, 282.
Kingsley, Charles, on evolutionary theory, 121;
on D.’s conversation, 171.
Knowledge, and observation, 38-40;
and wisdom, 44.
Krause, Ernst, biography of Erasmus Darwin, 108.
Lamarck, Jean de, evolutionary theory, 85, 90, 119, 120;
D.’s attitude, 86.
Land question, D. and, 136.
Leibnitz, Baron von, and gravity, 257.
Leopardi, Giacomo, pessimism, 238, 245.
Literature, D.’s attitude, 143, 145-48;
D.’s style, 143-45;
effect of evolution, 225-27.
Linnæan Society, Darwin-Wallace paper, 94.
Lodge, Sir Oliver, and science and spiritualism, 238.
Love, D.’s valuation, 206.
See also Family; Friendship.
Lubbock, Sir John, on debt to D., 202.
Lucretius, type, 54;
scientific ardor, 265.
Lyell, Sir Charles, on controversy, 76;
and evolution, 84; and D., 101, 110;
on D. and ‘remorse,’ 211.
McDougall, William, on inheritance of acquired characters, 85.
Maine de Biran, self-dissection, 280.
Manner, D.’s, 188.
Marriage of cousins, D. and, 136.
Mendel, Gregor, experiments, 124.
Milton, John, D.’s appreciation, 146.
Missing links in evolutionary theory, 113.
Missionaries, D.’s attitude, 159.
Mistakes, D.’s attitude, 77.
Mivart, St. G. J., and evolution and religion, 238.
Montesquieu, on study, 277.
Moody, D. L., absorption of interest, 129;
and prayer, 162;
and God, 167;
and hell and heaven, 227, 228.
Moore, Thomas, on children, 196.
Morality. See Ethics.
Morgan, Lloyd, and evolution, 235.
Music, D.’s attitude, 140-42.
Native, utilitarian and æsthetic observation, 10-13;
D. and appreciation, 148, 153-56;
elements of enjoyment, 149-53.
Natural selection, D.’s term and theory, 5, 90;
modification of theory, 119-21, 124.
See also Evolution.
Neuter insects, and evolutionary theory, 113.
Nietzsche, F. W., effect of evolution on, 241.
Norton, C. E., on D., 168, 170.
Objections, in D.’s logical processes, 71.
Observation, D.’s scientific trait, 6, 14, 19-21;
as general trait, 6-8;
by women, 8;
exclusive, 8;
of humanity, 9, 267, 268;
of nature, change in character, 10;
ulterior, 11;
æsthetic, 11;
delight, 12, 38, 148-54;
Thoreau, 13;
D.’s comments, 15;
D.’s general trait, 16;
his study of expression, 17-19;
D. and accuracy, 21;
accuracy in statement, 22-24;
D. and information from others, 19, 23;
mathematical, and instruments, 24;
detailed, 25;
D.’s industry and patience, 27-29;
need of patience, 29;
system, 30, 31;
comparison, 31;
difficulties and discomforts, 32-34;
and sympathy, 34-36;
effect of D.’s physical limitations, 36, 37;
knowledge as aid, 38-40;
effect of evolution on, 40-43.
See also Deduction; Scientific spirit.
Origin of Species, publication,
effect, 5, 96;
exposition, 63;
revisions, 73, 118;
success, 122.
Osborn, H. F., on D.’s observation, 14;
on D. and Lamarck, 87;
on D. and criticism, 105;
on D.’s change in attitude, 120;
on D.’s fame, 124;
on D.’s appearance, 168;
on ethical effect of evolution, 222.
Owen, Sir Richard, and evolution, 103, 107, 111.
Oxford, Bishop of, attack on evolution, 103.
Pangenesis, D.’s theory, 68.
Parker, G. H., on evolution, 125.
Pascal, Blaise, on man, 275.
Pasteur, Louis, and objections, 72;
scientific ardor, 265.
Patience, D.’s, 28;
element in scientific spirit, 29, 253.
Pearson, Karl, on D. and imagination, 51.
Pedantry, and scientific spirit, 257.
Perry, R. B., on evolution, 125.
Pessimism, and evolution, 233;
Sainte-Beuve’s, 272, 276;
Goethe’s, 274.
Philosophy, D. and self-analysis, 16;
D. and metaphysics, 69;
evolutionary, 233.
Poetry, D.’s attitude, 146-48;
Sainte-Beuve and, 268.
Politics, D. and, 131-33;
influence of evolution, 222.
Pragmatism, and evolution, 234.
Prayer, D.’s attitude, 161-63.
Primogeniture, D.’s attitude, 136.
Pugnacity, and scientific spirit, 261.
Realism, as fruit of evolution, 225.
Reason, and instinct, 277-79;
as agent of scientific spirit, 279;
evolutionary contradictions, 280, 282;
and attainment of truth, 281.
See also Deduction; Scientific spirit.
Religion, D.’s attitude, 156-67;
pre-Darwinian theology, 208;
and Copernicus’s speculations, 209;
theological effect of evolution, 209;
D.’s attitude toward effect, 209-13;
ethical standards under evolution, 213-15, 219;
evolution and belief in future life, 215, 216;
and belief in God, 216-18, 229;
and democracy, 223;
evolution and hell and heaven, 227, 228;
fundamentalism, 232, 237, 282;
clerical harmonizing with evolution, 236;
scientific harmonizing, 237-39;
egocentric versus ethnocentric, 239, 240;
persistence, 240;
thirst for God, 285.
Renan, J. E., effect of evolution on, 241.
Research, element in scientific spirit, 250.
Revision, D.’s trait, 73, 118;
element in scientific spirit, 255-57.
Royer-Collard, Paul, on facts, 44.
Ruskin, John, on vision of artists, 11.
St.-Hilaire, Auguste, and evolution, 85.
Sainte-Beuve, C. A., observation of humanity, 9, 267, 268;
type, 54;
on absorption of interest, 128;
and poetry, 148, 268;
and scientific spirit, 266-70;
concreteness, 269;
on Goethe, 271;
pessimism and sexual immorality, 272-74, 76.
Schelling, F. W. J. von, and evolution, 233.
Scherer, Edmond, on tolerance, 262;
on man, 275.
Schopenhauer, Arthur, and evolution, 233.
Scientific spirit, motives of achievements, 96-101, 248, 249;
research, 250;
industry, 251-53;
patience, 253;
caution, 254;
flexibility and impartiality, 255;
lack of pedantry, 257-59;
and human nature, 259, 262;
humility, 260;
tolerance, 261;
and pugnacity, 261;
appreciation, 263;
ardor, 264;
illustrations: Sainte-Beuve, 266-70;
Goethe, 270, 271;
and spiritual blight, 272-76;
inadequacy, 277;
and instinctive action, 278, 279;
reason as agent, 279;
and self-dissection, 279;
and self-contradictions, 280;
and unattainable truth, 281-83;
and ignorance and hope, 283-85.
See also Deduction; Observation.
Scott, Sir Walter, industry, 252.
Sedgwick, Adam, and D., 205.
Self-dissection, as betrayal of scientific spirit, 279.
Sénancour, É. P. de, on nature, 153;
self-dissection, 280.
Sexual selection, D.’s theory, 66, 67.
Shakespeare, William, vitality, 126;
D.’s opinion, 147.
Shaw, G. B., and religion and evolution, 237.
Shelley, P. B., and nature, 152.
Sin, effect of evolution on belief, 231.
Slavery, D.’s antipathy, 134.
Smoking, D. and, 182.
Snuff, D.’s indulgence, 183.
Socialism, and evolution, 224.
Society, D. and, 173, 178.
Spencer, Herbert, and ‘survival of the fittest,’ 5, 91;
D. on, 47, 78;
type, 54;
and universal evolution, 121, 219.
Spinoza, Baruch, type, 53.
Spiritualism, and evolution, 238.
Sport, D.’s attitude, 174-76.
Statement, accuracy, 22-24.
Stephen, Leslie, on D., 169.
Sterne, Laurence, on observation, 7;
on doing, 277.
Study. See Observation.
Survival of the fittest. Spencer’s term, 5, 91.
Sympathy, and observation, 34-38.
System, D. and, 30, 183.
Theater, D.’s attitude, 139.
Theology. See Religion.
Thoreau, H. D., and observation of nature, 13;
on knowledge as aid to observation, 39;
and deduction, 48.
Thrift, self-contradiction, 280.
Tolerance, D.’s trait, 79, 80;
element in scientific spirit, 261-63.
Tolstoi, Leo, effect of evolution on, 241.
Torrey, Bradford, on observation, 8.
Truth, instinct as element in scientific spirit, 265, 275;
Goethe’s characteristic, 270;
unattainable, 281-83;
ignorance and hope, 283-85.
Turner, Sir William, on D. and information, 24.
Twain, Mark, effect of evolution on, 243.
Vivisection, D.’s attitude, 136.
Voltaire, and tolerance, 261;
on study, 277.
Wallace, A. R., on collecting, 43;
and D.’s sexual-selection theory, 66, 67;
and presentation of evolutionary theory, 93, 94;
relations with D., 94, 95;
and spiritualism, 238.
Water cure, D.’s subjection to, 181.
Wedgwood, Emma, Mrs. Darwin, 4.
Weisman, August, on deduction, 70;
and evolution, 122, 218.
Wells, H. G., and religion and evolution, 237.
Westminster Abbey, D.’s tomb, 6.
White, Gilbert, and nature, 12.
Whitehead, A. N., on D.’s caution, 125;
and evolution, 235, 246;
on scientific flexibility, 255.
Wiesner, Julius, courtesy, 262.
Wisdom, and knowledge, 44.
See also Deduction.
Wordsworth, William, and nature, 151.
Zola, Émile, as realist, 226, 241.

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INDEX