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Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing

Chapter 2: LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
By James Burt Miner
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Law & CriminologyPsychiatry/Psychology

About This Book

The author evaluates mental testing methods and proposes a quantitative definition of intellectual deficiency, arguing that deficiency is a degree rather than a different kind. The work explains adapting percentage cutoffs to the Binet and other developmental scales, identifies borderline regions for immature and mature examinees, and compares test results with school retardation and institutional data. Drawing on delinquent samples and school records, it analyzes correlations between tested deficiency and delinquency, discusses alternative diagnostic checks, and considers implications for social care and testing practice.

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Tables
 
I. Age distribution of deaths in the general population and of feeble-minded in institutions 30
 
II. Mortality of institutional deficients in the United States compared with the general population 31
 
III. Test borderlines with randomly selected Minneapolis 15-year-olds 89
 
IV. Results with the Binet tests for mental ages XI and XII (1908 series) 98
 
V. Percentages of mentally retarded children as tested with the Binet 1908 Scale 106
 
VI. Mental retardation of children as tested with the Binet 1911 Scale 111
 
VII. Borderlines with the Point Scale 115
 
VIII. Test ages of the Glen Lake group of delinquent boys 124
 
IX. Intellectual development relative to life-ages and school positions among the delinquent boys of Glen Lake 125
 
X. Binet 1911 tests of boys consecutively admitted to the Detention Home at Thorn Hill, Allegheny County 151
 
XI. Frequency of tested deficiency among over 9000 delinquents 159
 
XII. Age and grade distribution of elementary school pupils in Minneapolis 178
 
XIII. School retardation of Minneapolis delinquents and elementary school pupils 179
 
XIV. Indices of frequency and amount of school retardation for Minneapolis delinquents and elementary school pupils 183
 
XV. Percentage of pupils 12 and 13 years of age most seriously retarded in school 193
 
XVI. School position of delinquents at Glen Lake relative to their intellectual development 204
 
XVII. Goring's data as to the percentage of mental defectives among men convicted of various offenses 213
 
XVIII. Goring's data as to groups of crimes committed most frequently by those mentally deficient 214
 
XIX. Four-fold correlation table for juvenile delinquency and deficiency in Minneapolis 222
 
XX. Average Intelligence Quotients of children of different ability 296
 
XXI. Test records with random 15-year-olds 344
 
XXII. Test records with delinquents at the Glen Lake Farm School 349
 
 
Figures
 
1. Mortality among feeble-minded in institutions compared with the general population 32
 
2. School retardation of Minneapolis delinquents compared with elementary school boys 180
 
3. Hypothetical development curves (normal distributions) 253
 
4. The question of equivalence of year units 265
 
5. Hypothetical development curves (changing form of distribution.) 277
 
6. Tests of the development of memory processes. Medians at each age for the central tendencies of the tests 285
 
7. Different types of development. Medians at each age for the central tendencies of the tests 286
 
8. Forty tests of development. Distribution at each age for the central tendencies of the tests 287
 
9. Relative positions at each age of the median and of corresponding bright and retarded children with the Form Board Test 299
DEFICIENCY AND DELINQUENCY