A series of essays argues for a realistic aesthetics grounded in contemporary natural-scientific knowledge, urging poetry to abandon outdated metaphysical assumptions and to adapt its psychology and depictions to empirical findings. After defending a measured realism against both romantic excess and hostile rejection, the author outlines how scientific advances reshape ideas of human nature, myth, and representation, calls for disciplined observation and healthier feeling, and treats specific problems where poets and naturalists intersect, advocating synthesis and careful polemic so literature can renew itself without losing its artistic aims.