This work analyzes religion's role in modern society, arguing that faith both defends human personality against the impersonal forces of science and industrial civilization and suffers decline from secularization and internal maladjustment. It outlines religion's social resources—ethical formation, communal solidarity, and transcendent meaning—while diagnosing its conservative limits and difficulties in addressing complex collective ethics. The author examines the tensions and compromises between religious claims and modern life, the ethical impotence produced by social complexity, and possible ways religion might transcend and transform secular institutions. The conclusion proposes a philosophical basis for an ethical religion that renews moral authority without reverting to rigid orthodoxy.