Dostoevsky

[31] House of the Dead, p. 240.

[32] Bienstock, p. 449. Letter to Mlle. Guérassimov, Petersburg, March 7, 1877.

[33] Bienstock, p. 94. Letter to his brother Michael, spring of 1847.

[34] Bienstock, p. 98. Letter to his brother Michael, from the fortress, July 18, 1849.

[35] Bienstock, p. 100. Letter to his brother Michael, from the fortress, August 27, 1849.

[36] Bienstock, p. 101. Letter to his brother Michael, from the fortress, September 14, 1849.

[37] Bienstock, p. 103. Letter to his brother Michael, from the fortress, December 22, 1849.

[38] A. P. Miliukov in his Reminiscences, 1881.

[39] See Mayne, pp. 51 sqq.

[40] The Decembrists.

[41] Mayne, pp. 51–65.

[42] Bienstock, pp. 104–105. Letter to his brother Michael, Semipalatinsk, July 30, 1854.

[43] Bienstock, p. 106. Letter to his brother Andrey, Semipalatinsk, November 6, 1854.

[44] Bienstock, p. 107. Letter to his brother Andrey, Semipalatinsk, November 6, 1854.

[45] Bienstock, pp. 233–235. Letter to Baron Alexander Wrangel, Petersburg, March 31, 1865.

[46] Bienstock, p. 239. Letter to Baron Alexander Wrangel, Petersburg, April 14, 1865.

[47] Crime and Punishment, p. 492.

[48] The Idiot, pp. 217–220.

[49] See Nouvelle Revue Française, June-July, 1922, and Stavrogin’s Confession, translated, with introductory and explanatory notes, by S. S. Koteliansky and Virginia Woolf, 1922. (Translator’s note.)

[50] The Possessed, p. 172.

[51] The Possessed, p. 175.

[52] The Possessed, p. 175.

[53] A Raw Youth, p. 327.

[54] Notes from Underground, pp. 86–87.

[55] Notes from Underground, pp. 88–89.

[56] “However adventurous the Russian genius,” wrote Boris de Schloezer in the Nouvelle Revue Française, February, 1922, “it characteristically chooses a firm foundation in concrete fact and living reality: this basis once assured, it launches out into speculation of the most abstract and daring nature, returning in the end, rich with the gathered spoils of thought, to the fact and reality from which it started and in which it is perfected.”

[57] E.g. Lebedyev in The Idiot. See Appendix (2), the admirable chapter describing Lebedyev’s enjoyment in torturing General Ivolgin.

[58] The Possessed, p. 495.

[59] A Raw Youth, p. 507.

[60] The Possessed, pp. 489–490.

[61] A Raw Youth, p. 215.

[62] See the Journal.

[63] Garnett, Vol. XI.

[64] Garnett, Vol. X.

[65] Bienstock and Nau, pp. 99–100.

[66] Bienstock and Nau, pp. 176–181.

[67] Bienstock and Nau, pp. 294 et seq., 450–452.

[68] Nietzsche, The Twilight of the Idols, translated by Anthony M. Ludovici, 1911, p. 104.

[69] Nietzsche, The Twilight of the Idols, translated by Anthony M. Ludovici, 1911, pp. 64–65.

[70] Bienstock, p. 367. Letter to N. N. Strakhov, Dresden, March 24, 1870.

[71] Bienstock, p. 374. Letter to A. N. Maïkov, Dresden, March 25, 1870.

[72] Nouvelle Revue Française, February, 1922, pp. 176–177.

[73] Crime and Punishment, p. 369.

[74] A Raw Youth, pp. 205–206.

[75] A Raw Youth, p. 503. Compare this other passage (ibid., p. 548) dealing with one of these pathological cases I mentioned a little space ago. “Versilov can have had no definite aim, and I believe, indeed, he did not reflect on the matter at all, but acted under the influence of a whirlwind of conflicting emotions. But the theory of actual madness I cannot accept, especially as he is not in the least mad now. But the ‘second self’ I do accept unquestionably. What is a second self exactly? The second self, according to a medical book, written by an expert, which I purposely read afterwards, is nothing else than the first stage of serious mental derangement, which may lead to something very bad.”

[76] The Possessed, p. 635.

[77] Journaux Intimes, p. 57.

[78] André Gide, Morceaux Choisis, pp. 102–103.

[79] The Idiot, pp. 587–588.

[80] The Idiot, p. 519.

[81] A Raw Youth, p. 253.

[82] Crime and Punishment, p. 492.

[83] The Idiot, p. 616.

[84] Bienstock, pp. 319–320.

[85] Bienstock, p. 343. Letter to A. N. Maïkov, Dresden, October 27, 1869.

[86] The Eternal Husband, p. 2.

[87] The Eternal Husband, pp. 35–36.

[88] The Eternal Husband, p. 75.

[89] Vauvenargues, Maxim xxxix; Œuvres, p. 377.

[90] The Eternal Husband, pp. 65–66.

[91] The Eternal Husband, pp. 116–117.

[92] The Eternal Husband, pp. 117–118.

[93] The Eternal Husband, p. 124.

[94] The Eternal Husband, pp. 124–126.

[95] Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Idea, translated by Haldane and Kemp; Bk. IV, p. 457.

[96] A Raw Youth, p. 68.

[97] A Raw Youth, p. 130.

[98] The Idiot, p. 225.

[99] The Possessed, p. 219.

[100] The Possessed, pp. 220, 221.

[101] The Possessed, p. 580.

[102] Crime and Punishment, pp. 236, 237.

[103] Crime and Punishment, p. 238.

[104] Crime and Punishment, p. 377.

[105] Crime and Punishment, p. 378.

[106] Crime and Punishment, p. 467.

[107] Crime and Punishment, p. 272.

[108] The Possessed, pp. 492, 493.

[109] The Possessed, pp. 498, 499.

[110] Mayne, p. 198. Letter to N. N. Strakhov, Dresden, October 9, 1870.

[111] The Possessed, pp. 634, 635.

[112] Crime and Punishment, p. 14.

[113] The Brothers Karamazov, p. 110.

[114] The Possessed, p. 219.

[115] The Possessed, p. 220.

[116] The Possessed, p. 221.

[117] The Possessed, p. 221.

[118] The Possessed, p. 133.

[119] The Idiot, p. 225.

[120] The Possessed, p. 219.

[121] The Possessed, pp. 554–5.

[122] The Possessed, p. 555.

[123] André Gide, Morceaux Choisis, p. 101, §1.

[124] Dr. Binet-Sanglé is the author of a blasphemous work to which he has given the title La Folie de Jésus-Christ: he attempts to deny the importance of Christ and of Christianity by showing that Christ was mad and a degenerate.

[125] The Possessed, p. 577.

[126] The Possessed, pp. 383, 385.

[127] The Possessed, p. 540.

[128] The Possessed, p. 275.

[129] The Possessed, pp. 579, 580.

[130] The Possessed, p. 580.

[131] The Possessed, pp. 582, 583.

[132] Bienstock, pp. 540–2.

[133] A Raw Youth, pp. 462–4.

[134] Reclus, Geography, XIV, 931. “The island populations of Oceania are fast dying out, for they have lost the body of ideas which governed their actions, and lack a common measure to judge good and evil.”

[135] The Possessed, pp. 232–234.

[136] The Possessed, p. 376.

[137] The Possessed, p. 395.

[138] The Eternal Husband, p. 128.