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Dr. John McLoughlin, the Father of Oregon

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About This Book

The biography traces the life and career of a physician and Hudson's Bay Company chief who managed Fort Vancouver and provided critical aid to American settlers, missionaries, and immigrant parties in the Oregon Country. It outlines his family origins, interactions with French-Canadian settlers and Indigenous peoples, and his role during periods of joint-occupancy. The account examines land claims, naturalization issues, political attacks and congressional appeals that damaged his reputation, and the efforts to vindicate his legacy. The text is supplemented by letters, speeches, official documents, and contemporary opinions that illuminate his humanitarian actions, legal struggles, and the region’s turbulent transition in governance.

Campbell, H., 205.

Campbell, J. J., 205.

Camp du Sable, 258.

Canada, Dominion of, 20, 22, 23, 24, 111, 113, 186;
Upper, 38, 39.

Canadians, 79, 133, 189, 190, 238;
French, 41-45, 46, 61, 98, 99, 265, 284.

Canal, 201.

Cannon, 29.

Canoes, 54, 72, 197.

Cape Horn, 258.

Carolinas, 84.

Cartee, L. F., 153.

Carter, David, 205.

Cascades, 70, 71, 76, 197;
Mountains, 79, 91.

Cason, F. C., 153.

Casualties, 70.

Cathlamet, 195.

Catholics, 22, 98, 99, 100, 133, 147, 151, 157, 167, 171, 189, 190, 191, 192, 238, 276.

Cattle, 28, 37, 43, 44, 45, 57, 66, 75, 76, 77, 78, 87, 117, 183, 194, 199, 232, 258, 263, 266, 268.

Cayuse (Indian tribe), 37, 40, 61, 74, 88, 145, 102, 274 (see also Wars).

Champoeg (Ore.), 65, 69 (see also the following).

Champooing, 192.

Chance, William, 212.

Charles II (king of Great Britain), 21.

Charters, 21, 95, 194 (see also Grants).

Chemekete, (Ore.), 115.

Chicopee (Mass.), 256.

Churches, 99, 238;
Catholic, 157, 167, 171, 283;
English, 167;
Methodist, 109.
See also Missionaries and kindred topics.

Clackamas County (Ore.), 115, 124.

Clackamas Falls, 236.

Clackamas Female Protestant Seminary, 133, 238.

Clackamas River, 106, 107, 111, 120, 237.

Clark, George Rogers, 83.

Clarke, —, 191.

Clarke, S. A., Pioneer days, cited, 285, 286.

Clayoquot Sound, 24.

Coggswell, William (artist), 162.

Colonies, American, 20.

Colorado Springs (Col.), 284.

Columbia River, 20, 21, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 42, 45, 46, 47, 49, 51, 59, 67, 70, 71, 79, 80, 85, 89, 90, 100, 103, 136, 140, 154, 195, 198, 199, 201, 203, 204, 216, 222, 230, 232, 245, 257, 258, 259, 263, 265.

Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 118.

Compo, Charles, 205.

Comyns, —, 217.

Confiscations, 159.

Confucius, 146.

Congregationalists, 133, 147, 238, 278.

Congress, 21, 65, 104, 105, 116, 121, 123, 129, 130, 132, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 203, 204, 210, 215, 217, 220, 232, 243, 244, 246, 248, 252, 257, 260, 262, 266, 274.

Congressional Globe, cited, 129, 229, 234, 247.

Constitution, 64, 121, 215, 217, 250.

Conventions, 21, 32, 101, 113, 129, 175, 176, 177, 221, 254 (see also Treaties).

Cook, Aaron, 205.

Coombs, E. N., 205.

Copeland, A., 205.

Corn, 213.

Coursen, —, 221.

Courts, 38, 39, 109, 113, 115, 116, 121, 128, 142, 198, 215, 221, 222, 223, 225, 228, 229, 240, 249, 250, 251, 252.

Cowenia, —, 128.

Cowlitz, 284.

Crawford, Medorum, 69, 205.

Creeks, 184.

Curry, George L., 243, 244, 249.

 

DALLES (Indians), 72, 73.

Dartmouth College, 74.

Davis, George, 205.

Davis, S., 205.

Deady, Judge Matthew P., 128, 162, 272, 273.

Debt, collection of, 252.

Deeds, land, 115, 118, 203, 205, 206-208, 217, 225.

De Haven, —, 128.

Donation Land Law, 101, 102, 103, 105, 110, 111, 123, 124, 128, 129, 137, 140-143, 145, 149, 150, 152, 154, 157, 159, 160, 161, 164, 247, 248, 251, 256.

Douglas, James, 39, 43, 44, 67, 75, 191, 195, 226, 227, 268, 270.

Dryad, (a ship), 51.

Dunn, —, History of the Oregon Territory, cited, 29, 36, 37, 266.

 

EDMUNDS, John, 205.

Edwards, —, 183.

Edwards, P. L. (teacher), 55, 73.

Ekin, Richard H., 205.

Elections, 244.

Elijah, an Indian, 37.

Ellice, E., 178.

England, 20, 25, 32, 36, 43, 103, 113, 125, 134, 167, 177, 239, 273.

English, 38, 125, 133, 182, 238, 253, (see also British, England, and Great Britain).

English Church, 98, 191.

Epidemics, 27, 60.

Epitaph, 158.

Epps, Captain —, 24.

Ermatinger, Frank, 274.

Evans, Elwood, History of Pacific Northwest, cited, 110, 116, 211.

Executions, 38, 40.

Expeditions, 43, 45-52, 54, 76, 77, 195, 227, 268.

Exports, 28, 29.

 

FAIRFIELD (Ore.), 99.

Farmers, 199, 234.

Farms, 28, 41, 42, 81, 181, 194, 199, 213, 215, 217, 266.

Farnham, Thomas J. (traveler), 30.

Faulitz Plains, 191.

Figueroa, —, (governor of California), 51.

Fillmore, Millard, 141, 249.

Fitzgerald, James Edward, The Hudson's Bay Company, cited, 264-268, 269.

Flatheads (Indian tribe), 55, 112.

Flour, 117, 122 (see also Wheat).

Force, James, 205.

Forest Creek (Ore.), 243.

Forts, 20, 21, 24, 27, 28, 32, 33, 34, 35.

Fowl, 43.

Fraser, Angelique, mother of McLoughlin, 23.

Fraser, Malcolm, 23.

Fraser, Samuel, M. D., 23.

Fraser, General —, 23.

Fraser Highlanders, 23.

Fremont, Col. John C., 77, 78, 227, 233.

French, 38, 182, 245 (see also Canadians, French).

French Prairie (Ore.), 56, 102.

Freshets, 184.

Frost, Rev. J. H., 188, 269.

Fruit, 28.

Funds, misappropriation of, 187.

Furs, 20, 26, 29, 32, 35, 36, 42, 52.

Furtrade, 32, 33, 177, 178, 202.

Furtraders, 24, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 49 (see also Trade and commerce).

 

GALE, Joseph, 65.

Garden, 203.

Gary, Rev. George, 63, 109, 110, 222.

Gay, George, 210.

George (Fort), 20, 21, 27, 28.

Germany, 26.

Ghent, 20, 21.

Gibbs, Joseph, 205.

Gifts, 57, 59, 71, 73, 82, 138, 139, 141, 165.

Gilpin, Major W., 226, 227.

Girtman, Daniel, 205.

Gladstone Park, 106, 111.

Goats, 28.

Gordon, Captain —, 68, 91.

Governor's Island. See Abernethy Island.

Grain, 28 (see also Wheat).

Grants, 178, 179, 180, 205 (see also Charters).

Gray, W. H., 54;
History of Oregon, cited, 66, 119, 205, 209, 210.

Great Britain, 19, 20, 21, 32, 33, 34, 39, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 90, 93, 95, 100, 101, 104, 112, 128, 141, 142, 156, 157, 164, 175, 176, 221, 250, 265.
(See also England).

Green River, 53.

Greenhow, —, History of Oregon and California, cited, 180.

Gregory XVI (pope), 161.

Griffin, J. S., 123.

Griffith, —, 191.

Grover, Gov. L. F., 158, 159.

 

HALL, —, 251.

Hall (Fort), 46, 47, 69, 129, 131, 229, 231, 233, 252, 258.

Hannah, —, 128.

Harvey, Daniel, 25, 160.

Harvey, James W. McLoughlin, (grandson of Dr. J. McLoughlin), 25, 63.

Hastings, —, 203, 205, 207, 209.

Hathaway, Felix, 114, 115, 134, 205, 235, 236, 239.

Hauxhurst, W., 205.

Hawaiian Islands, 28, 51, 212, 213, 222.