A chronological survey traces European encounters with the Massachusetts coast from early Norse and later fifteenth- and sixteenth-century voyages through seventeenth-century charting and attempts at settlement. It compiles navigators' reports, maps, and place-names assigned by Spanish, Portuguese, French, Dutch, and English mariners; describes fisheries, fur trade, and occasional colonial ventures; highlights cartographic records including detailed harbor surveys and varying toponyms; and recounts failed colonization attempts that preceded the successful establishment of a permanent English settlement. The account emphasizes maritime motives, mapping evidence, and the gradual intensification of contact between Europeans and coastal Indigenous communities.