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Early London: Prehistoric, Roman, Saxon and Norman

Chapter 2: ILLUSTRATIONS
By Walter Besant
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About This Book

This work surveys the site's geology and traces human occupation from prehistoric settlers through Roman establishment, describing urban layout, walls, bridges, and material remains. It then follows Saxon development, Viking incursions, monastic foundations, and everyday town life, using documents and artifacts to illuminate streets, houses, and customs. The narrative concludes with the Norman conquest and its effects on governance, charters, architecture, and social organization, illustrated by chronicles and legal records. Numerous illustrations, maps, and appendices accompany archaeological reports and discussions of riverside embankment and discoveries.

ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE
King Edgar adoring the Saviour Frontispiece
Geological Map of the Site 7
Statues of King Lud and his two Sons, Androgeus and Theomantius 19
The Marshes of Early London 25
Side of Font, East Meon Church, Hampshire 36
Side of Font, East Meon Church, Hampshire 37
Offa being invested with Spurs 39
An Archer 42
Figures reconstructed from Ancient Clothes and Remains found in a Bog 43
Figures in Wood at Wooburn in Buckinghamshire, supposed to represent Itinerant Masons 45
Pavement before the Altar of the Prior’s Chapel at Ely 49
Statue of a Roman Warrior found in a Bastion of the London Wall 58
Roman Knife-handle—Figure of Charioteer, Bronze 60
Carausius 61
A Sea Fight 66
Tomb of Valerius Amandinus (A Roman General) 67
Coffin Lids found in London 71
Bronze Roman Lamp found in Cannon Street 75
Method of Swathing the Dead 77
Dow Gate 79
Tessellated Pavement 81
Roman Sandals taken from the Bed of the Thames 89
The Laconicum, or Sweating Bath 90
Tessellated Pavement 91
Roman Roads radiating from London 93
Roman Altar to Diana found in St. Martin’s-le-Grand 95
Roman Bath, Strand Lane 97
Roman Antiquities found in London, 1786 101
Roman London 102
Statuettes of Roman Deities 103
Roman Sepulchral Stone found at Ludgate by Sir Christopher Wren 107
Roman Statue discovered at Bevis Marks 108
Roman Antiquities found in London in 1786 109
Roman Remains found in a Bastion of London Wall 113
Roman Arch, London Wall 122
A Ship 126
An Anglo-Saxon Warrior Facing   136
Ancient Copper Bowl found in Lothbury 138
The Ark 142
King and Courtiers 146
A Group of Anglo-Saxon Spearmen 154
Gregory the Great, St. Benedict, and St. Cuthbert 156
Lady in a Chariot 157
Family Life 159
Aelfwine 161
The Coronation of a King 162
Aldhelm presenting “De Virginitate” to Hildelida, Abbess of Barking, and her Nuns Facing   162
King Ethelbald 164
King in Bed 166
The Perils of the Deep 167
Slaves waiting on a Household 171
Guthlac carried away by Devils 172
Saxon Minstrels 174
Playing Draughts 175
The Alfred Jewel (Reverse)     The Alfred Jewel (Obverse) 177
Page from Gospel Book given by Otho I. to Athelstan, Grandson of Alfred the Great; on it the Anglo-Saxon Kings took the Coronation Oath 178
From King Alfred’s “Orosius” 179
King Cnut and his Queen, Emma, presenting a Cross upon the Altar of Newminster (Winchester) 181
The King receiving a Deputation 183
Anglo-Saxon Warriors approaching a Fort 185
A Fight 186
Diagram of Canal 188
King Edward the Confessor’s Palace at Borstal (Brill) 193
A Solar 196
Building a House 197
October. Hawking 198
A Banquet 199
Saxon Ladies 201
Saxon Horn 202
Merchantmen with Horses and Camels 203
A Banquet 205
Glastonbury Abbey 206
Anglo-Saxon Nuns 207
Conferring the Tonsure 208
A Burial 209
Saxon Church at Greenstead 211
St. Dunstan 213
The Last Day Facing 214
Anglo-Saxon Modes of Punishment 216
The Flogging of a Slave 216
Three Men in Bed 218
Mother and Child 219
Drawing Water 220
St. Luke, from St. Chad’s Gospel Book, date about 700 A.D. 221
Anglo-Saxon Husbandman and his Wife 223
Feeding the Hungry 225
Going to the Chase 226
The Hawk Strikes 226
Feasting 227
Anglo-Saxon House 229
The Situation of Westminster 231
St. Dunstan at the Feet of Christ 233
Monks 235
The Famous “Book of Kells” MS. of the Gospels in Latin, written in Ireland (A.D. 650-690) 237
Rood over the South Door of Stepney Church 239
Edward the Confessor’s Chapel 241
Ancient Enamelled Ouche in Gold discovered near Dowgate Hill; probably Ninth Century 243
An Ancient Comb found in the Ruins of Ickleton Nunnery 244
Duke William comes to Pevensey 249
King Harold shown in a Mêlée of Fighting-Men 251
Charter of the City of London given by William the Conqueror 252
A Norman Knight 253
Norman Horsemen 255
Harold trying to pull the Arrow from his Eye 255
Norman Archers 255
William the Conqueror and his Knights (from the Bayeux Tapestry) 257
Bishops 258
The Seal of Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, Half-brother of William I. 259
Part of a Page of Domesday Book 263
William I. and II., Henry I. and Stephen Facing 264
Norman Soldiers 267
Norman London 269
Norman Capitals from Westminster Hall 273
Seal of St. Anselm 275
Norman Arch, in the Cloisters, Westminster Abbey Facing 276
Coronation of Henry I. 279
An Ancient Seal of Robert, Fifth Baron FitzWalter 281
The Temple Church 283
A Fight 291
Costume of English Kings of the Eleventh Century. Anglo-Norman Ladies of High Degree Facing 292
St. John’s Chapel, Tower of London, Norman Architecture 295
March. Field Work. September. Boar-Hunting 303
Matron and Maid 305
A Horseman 308
Tilting 313
Tilting in Boats 314
Dancing 315
The Chase 317
The White Tower 319
Representation of Orion 322
Craftsman at work on a House 323
London Wall 325
A Norman Hall 327
Three Bishops 329
Building a House Facing 338
A Family Group 339
Lady saving a Stag from the Hunters 341
Saxon Doorway, Temple Church 343