Chapter 7
[1]Quoted in John Evans, The Ancient Stone Implements,
Weapons, and Ornaments, of Great Britain (1872), 57.
[2]Michele Mercati, Metallotheca Opus Posthumum (1717),
243.
[3]C. C. Abbott, “An Historical Sketch of the Discoveries of
Paleolithic Implements in the Valley of the Delaware River,”
Proceedings, Boston Society of Natural History, 21:126-127
(1881).
[4]I. C. Russell, The Geological History of Lake Lahontan
(Monograph, U.S. Geological Survey, no. 11, 1885). W. J.
McGee, “An Obsidian Implement from Pleistocene Deposit
in Nevada,” American Anthropologist, 2:301-312 (1889).
[5]S. W. Williston, “Homo sapiens in Pleistocene of Kansas,”
Bulletin, Kansas University Geological Survey, 2:301 (1897).
E. H. Sellards, “Early Man in America,” Bulletin, Geological
Society of America, 51:387 (1940).
[6]J. D. Figgins, “The Antiquity of Man in America,” Natural
History, 27:229-231 (1927). Harold J. Cook, “Definite Evidence
of Human Artifacts in the American Pleistocene,” Science,
new ser., 62:459-460 (1925).
[7]Figgins, op. cit., 234-239. Harold J. Cook, “New Geological
and Paleontological Evidence Bearing on the Antiquity of
Mankind in America,” Natural History, 27:244-247 (1927).
O. F. Evans, “The Antiquity of Man As Shown at Frederick,
Oklahoma: A Criticism,” Journal, Washington Academy of
Sciences, 20:475-479 (1930). Harold J. Cook, “The Antiquity
of Man As Indicated at Frederick, Oklahoma: A
Reply.” Journal, Washington Academy of Sciences, 21:161-167
(1931).
[8]Figgins, op. cit., 232-234.
[9]Barnum Brown, “Recent Finds Relating to Prehistoric Man
in America,” Bulletin, New York Academy of Medicine, 2nd
ser., 4:824-828 (1928). H. Marie Wormington, Ancient
Man in North America (2nd rev. ed., 1944), 6-7.
[10]William J. Mayer-Oakes and Robert E. Bell, “Early Man Site
Found in Highland Ecuador,” Science, 131:1805-1806
(1960).
[11]John L. Cotter, “The Occurrence of Flints and Extinct Animals
in Pluvial Deposits near Clovis, New Mexico: Part 4
of Report on the Excavations at the Gravel Pit in 1936,”
Proceedings, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
89:2-16 (1937).
[12]M. R. Harrington, An Ancient Site at Borax Lake, California
(Southwest Museum Papers, no. 16, 1948), 61, 63.
[13]Edgar B. Howard, “Caves Along the Slopes of the Guadalupe
Mountains,” Bulletin, Texas Archaeological and Paleontological
Society, 4:17-18 (1932).
[14]Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., “A Folsom Complex, etc.,” Smithsonian
Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 94, no. 4, p. 6 (1935).
[15]Edgar B. Howard, “Early Man in America,” Proceedings,
American Philosophical Society, 76:327-333 (1936). Edgar
B. Howard and Ernst Antevs, “The Occurrence of Flints
and Extinct Animals in Pluvial Deposits near Clovis, New
Mexico,” Proceedings, Academy of Natural Sciences, 87:299-312
(1935). Kirk Bryan, “A Review of the Geology of the
Clovis Finds Reported by Howard and Cotter,” American
Antiquity, 4:113-130 (1938).
[16]Roberts, loc. cit.
[17]Kirk Bryan, “Geology of the Folsom Deposits in New Mexico
and Colorado,” in Early Man (1937), 143-152. Kirk
Bryan and Louis L. Ray, “Geological Antiquity of the
Lindenmeier Site in Colorado,” Smithsonian Miscellaneous
Collections, vol. 99, no. 2 (1940).
[18]Vance Haynes and George Agogino, “Geological Significance
of a New Radiocarbon Date from the Lindenmeier
Site,” Proceedings, Denver Museum of Natural History,
9:1-22 (1960).
[19]Edgar B. Howard, “Evidence of Early Man in North America,”
Museum Journal, 24:90 (1935).
[20]Edgar B. Howard, “Folsom and Yuma Problems,” Proceedings,
American Philosophical Society, 86:258 (1943).
[21]Stephen Williams, “The Island 35 Mastodon: Its Bearing
on the Age of Archaic Cultures in the East,” American Antiquity,
22:359-372 (1957).
[22]Edgar B. Howard, “The Finley Site: Discovery of Yuma
Points, in situ, near Eden, Wyoming,” American Antiquity,
8:224-234 (1943).
[23]Willard F. Libby, Radiocarbon Dating (1955), 125.
[24]John Paul Moss, The Antiquity of the Finley Yuma Site:
Example of the Geologic Method of Dating (MS. of paper
read at the 29th International Congress of Americanists,
New York, Sept. 5, 1949). Edgar B. Howard, “Folsom and
Yuma Points from Saskatchewan,” American Antiquity,
4:277-279 (1939). Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., “On the Trail
of Ancient Hunters in the Western United States and
Canada,” Smithsonian Institution, Exploration and Field
Work in 1938, 103-110. Frank Hibben, “Evidence of Early
Man in Alaska,” American Antiquity, 8:257 (1943).
[25]E. H. Sellards, “Fossil Bison and Associated Artifacts from
Texas,” Bulletin, Geological Society of America, 56:1196-1197
(1945). E. H. Sellards, Glen L. Evans and Grayson E.
Meade, “Fossil Bison and Associated Artifacts from Texas.”
Bulletin, Geological Society of America, 58:927-938 (1947).
[26]Froelich G. Rainey, “Archaeology in Central Alaska,” Anthropological Papers,
American Museum of Natural History,
36:390-401 (1939). Frank Hibben, op. cit., 255-258.
[27]Alex Krieger, “Artifacts from the Plainview Bison Bed,”
Bulletin, Geological Society of America, 58:940-941, 951
(1947).
[28]Ibid., 947, 949.
[29]Nels C. Nelson, “Early Migration of Man to America,” Natural
History, 35:356 (1935).
[30]Libby, op. cit., 117.
[31]Libby, ibid., 118.
[32]M. R. Harrington, Gypsum Cave, Nevada (Southwest Museum
Papers, no. 8, 1933).
[33]Ernst Antevs, “Climate and Early Man in North America,”
in Early Man, 128, and personal communication to H. M.
Wormington, 1949. E. W. C. and W. H. Campbell and
others, The Archaeology of Pleistocene Lake Mohave (Southwest
Museum Papers, no. 11, 1937), 9-44. E. W. C. and
W. H. Campbell, The Pinto Basin Site (Southwest Museum
Papers, no. 9, 1935), 1-51.
[34]Malcolm J. Rogers, Early Lithic Industries of the Lower
Basin of the Colorado River and Adjacent Desert Areas (San
Diego Museum Papers, no. 3, 1939), 70, pl. 21, 74.
[35]Robert F. Heizer and E. Lemert, Observations on an Archaeological
Site in Topanga Canyon, Los Angeles County
(University of California Publications in American Archaeology
and Ethnology, vol. 44, 237-258, 1947), Heizer,
“Notes and News: Pacific Coast Area,” American Antiquity,
13:270 (1948).
[36]Wesley L. Bliss, “An Archaeological and Geological Reconnaissance
of Alberta, Mackenzie Valley, and Upper Yukon,”
American Philosophical Society Yearbook, 1938, 136-139.
[37]M. M. Leighton, Geological Aspects of the Finding of Primitive
Man near Abilene, Texas (Medallion Papers, Gila Pueblo,
no. 24, 1936), 40-41.
[38]Ibid., 34.
[39]Harold S. Gladwin, Excavations at Snaketown (Medallion
Papers, Gila Pueblo, no. 26, 1937), plate 1, pp. 30-31.
[40]Cyrus N. Ray, “Report on Some Recent Archaeological Researches
in the Abilene Section,” Bulletin, Texas Archaeological
and Paleontological Society, 2:45-58 (1930). Kirk
Bryan and Cyrus N. Ray, “Long Channelled Point Found in
Alluvium Beside Bones of Elephas columbi,” Bulletin, Tex.
Arch. and Pal. Soc., 10:267 (1938). Ray, “New Evidences
of Ancient Man in Texas Found During Prof. Kirk Bryan’s
Visit,” Bulletin, Tex. Arch. and Pal. Soc., 10:273. Bryan,
“Deep Sites near Abilene, Texas,” Bulletin, Tex. Arch. and
Pal. Soc., 10:274.
[41]C. C. Albritton and Kirk Bryan, “The Quaternary Stratigraphy
in the Davis Mountains, etc.,” Bulletin, Geological
Society of America, 50:1468 (1939).
[42]M. M. Leighton, “The Significance of Profiles of Weathering
in Stratigraphic Archaeology,” in Early Man, 163-172.
[43]Kirk Bryan, “Correlation of the Deposits of Sandia Cave,
New Mexico, with the Glacial Chronology,” Smithsonian
Miscellaneous Collections, 99:45-64 (1941).
[44]Frank Hibben, “Association of Man with Pleistocene Mammals
in the Sandia Mountains, New Mexico,” American
Antiquity, 2:260-263 (1937), and “Evidences of Early Occupation
in Sandia Cave, etc.,” Smithsonian Miscellaneous
Collections, 99:1-44 (1941).
[45]Frank Hibben, “The First Thirty-eight Sandia Points,”
American Antiquity, 11:257-258 (1946).
[46]Frederick Johnson and Frank C. Hibben, “Radiocarbon
Dates from Sandia Cave, Correction,” Science, 125:234-235
(1957); and Hugo Gross, “Age of the Sandia Culture,”
Science, 126:305-306 (1957).
[47]C. Bertrand Schultz and W. D. Frankforter, “Preliminary
Report on the Lime Creek Sites: New Evidence of Early
Man in Southwestern Nebraska,” Bulletin of the University
of Nebraska State Museum, 3:43-62 (1948).
[48]C. Bertrand Schultz and W. D. Frankforter, “Notes and
News,” American Antiquity, 13:279-280 (1948). “How
Old is the Oldest American?” Science Illustrated, 3:42-45
(1948). C. Bertrand Schultz, Gilbert C. Lueninghoener, and
W. D. Frankforter, “Preliminary Geomorphological Studies
of the Lime Creek Area” and “Preliminary Report on the
Lime Creek Sites, etc.,” Bulletin, University of Nebraska
State Museum, 3:31-42, 43-62, (1948). H. M. Wormington,
personal communication, 1949.
[49]Libby, op. cit., 107.
[50]Robert J. Braidwood, Prehistoric Men (1957), 130.
[51]Harold S. Gladwin, Excavations at Snaketown (Medallion
Papers, Gila Pueblo, no. 26, 1937), 34.
[52]E. B. Sayles and Ernst Antevs, The Cochise Culture (Medallion
Papers, Gila Pueblo, no. 29, 1941).
[53]Libby, op. cit., 112-113.
[54]Ernst Antevs, “Geological Age of the Lehner Mammoth Site,”
American Antiquity, 25:31 (1959).
[55]William Duncan Strong, “An Introduction to Nebraska Archaeology,”
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 93,
no. 10 (1935). E. W. C. and W. H. Campbell, The Pinto
Basin Site (Southwest Museum Papers, no. 9, 1935), 33-34.
[56]Carl Sauer, personal communication, 1946.
[57]M. R. Harrington, “The Age of Borax Lake” and “Farewell
to Borax Lake,” Masterkey, 8:208-209 (1939) and 19:181-184
(1945), and An Ancient Site at Borax Lake, California
(Southwest Museum Papers, no. 16, 1948).
[58]M. R. Harrington, personal communication, 1948.
[59]E. H. Sellards, “Stone Images from Henderson County,
Texas,” American Antiquity, 7:20-38 (1941).
[60]Mariano Barcena, “Descripción de un hueso labrado, de
llama fosil,” Anales del Museo Nacional de México, 2:439-444
(1882).
[61]“Discovery That Man Existed in the Western Hemisphere
Some 30,000 Years Ago Made by Noted Mexican Anthropologist,”
news release from Visión, July 22, 1960.
[62]Etienne B. Renaud, The Black’s Fork Culture of Southwest
Wyoming and Further Research Work in the Black’s Fork
Basin, Southwest Wyoming (University of Denver, Dept. of
Anthropology, Archaeological Survey Series, Reports 10 and
12, 1938, 1940).
[63]Thomas Wilson, “The Paleolithic Period in the District of
Columbia,” Proceedings, U.S. National Museum, for 1889,
12:371-376, and “A Study of Prehistoric Anthropology”
and “Results of an Inquiry As to the Existence of Man in
North America During the Paleolithic Period of the Stone
Age,” Report, U.S. National Museum, for 1887-1888, 629-636,
677-702. Nels C. Nelson, “The Antiquity of Man in
America in the Light of Archaeology,” in The American
Aborigines (1933), 93-94.
[64]Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., “Developments in the Problem of
the North American Paleo-Indian,” Smithsonian Miscellaneous
Collections, 100:96-97 (1940).
[65]Kirk Bryan, “Prehistoric Quarries and Implements of Pre-Amerindian
Aspect in New Mexico,” Science, new ser., 87:345
(1938).
[66]E. B. Sayles, An Archaeological Survey of Texas (Medallion
Papers, Gila Pueblo, no. 17. 1935), table 4, plate 19. J. E.
Pearce, “Tales That Dead Men Tell,” University of Texas
Bulletin, no. 3537 (1935), 25, plate 3.
[67]Junius Bird, “Antiquity and Migrations of the Early Inhabitants
of Patagonia,” Geographical Review, 28:273
(1938), fig. 27. Walter Dupouy, “Sobre una punta litica de
tipo singular en Venezuela,” Acta Venezolana, 1:80-87
(1945).
[68]Helmut de Terra, “New Evidence for the Antiquity of
Early Man in Mexico,” Revista mexicana de estudios antropológicos,
8:69-88 (1946).
[69]F. B. Richardson, “Nicaragua,” Year Book, Carnegie Institution,
1941 (no. 40), 300-302. F. B. Richardson and
Karl Ruppert, “Nicaragua,” Year Book, Carnegie Institution,
1942 (no. 41), 269-270.
[70]Wolfgang Haberland and Willi-Herbert Grebe, “Prehistoric
Footprints from El Salvador,” American Antiquity, 22:282-285
(1957).
[71]G. F. Becker, “Antiquities from Under Tuolumne Table
Mountain in California,” Bulletin, Geological Society of
America, 2:193-194 (1891).
[72]W. H. Holmes, Handbook of Aboriginal American Antiquities
(Bulletin, Bureau of American Ethnology, no. 60, 1919,
part 1), 62.
[73]L. S. Cressman, personal communication, 1949.
[74]Douglas S. Byers, “Bull Brook—A Fluted Point Site in
Ipswich, Massachusetts,” American Antiquity, 19:343-351
(1954).
[75]Ralph S. Solecki, “Notes on Two Archaeological Discoveries
in Northern Alaska, 1950,” American Antiquity, 17:55-56 (1951).
[76]Jim Hester, “Late Pleistocene Extinction and Radiocarbon
Dating,” American Antiquity, 26:66 (1960).
[77]Richard G. Forbis, “Early Man and Fossil Bison,” Science,
123:327-328 (1956).
[78]Forbis, op. cit., 327.
[79]Ruth D. Simpson, “Finding the Scraper at Tule Springs,
Masterkey, 30:110 (1956), and “An Older Date for Tule
Springs,” Masterkey, 34:82 (1960).
[80]W. S. Broecker and J. L. Kulp, “Lamont Natural Radiocarbon
Measurements IV,” Science, 126:1325-1326 (1957),
and Robert F. Heizer, “Radiocarbon Dates from California
of Archaeological Interest,” Reports, University of California
Archaeological Survey, 44:5 (1958).
[81]George F. Carter, “Man, Time, and Change in the Far
Southwest,” Supplement, Annals of the Association of
American Geographers, 49:18 (1959).
[82]H. M. Wormington, Ancient Man in North America
(1957), 223.
[83]Ruth D. Simpson, “Archeological Survey of the Eastern
Calico Mountains,” Masterkey, 34:25-35 (1960).
[84]Thomas Clements and Lydia Clements, “Evidence of
Pleistocene Man in Death Valley, California,” Bulletin,
Geological Society of America, 64:1189-1204 (1953).
[85]Father Jacob Baegert, “Account of the Aboriginal Inhabitants
of the California Peninsula,” Annual Report for 1863,
Smithsonian Institution, pp. 352-369 (1864).
[86]J. L. Giddings, “The Archeology of Bering Strait,” Current
Anthropology, 1:121-130 (1960).
[87]J. M. Cruxent and Irving Rouse, “A Lithic Industry of
Paleo-Indian Type in Venezuela,” American Antiquity, 22:172-179
(1956).
Chapter 8
[1]Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia (1801), 77.
[2]Mark Catesby, The Natural History of Carolina, Florida,
and the Bahamas Islands (1743), vol. 2, appendix vii.
[3]Loren C. Eiseley, “Myth and Mammoth in Archaeology,”
American Antiquity, 11:86 (1945).
[4]Wm. Duncan Strong, “North American Indian Traditions
Suggesting a Knowledge of the Mammoth,” American Anthropologist
new ser. 36:81-88 (1934).
[5]Eiseley, op. cit., 87.
[6]Thomas Ashe, Memoirs of Mammoth and Various Other Extraordinary
and Stupendous Bones of Incognita, or Non-Descript
Animals Found in the Vicinity of the Ohio, Wabash,
Illinois, Mississippi, Missouri, Osage, and Red Rivers, &c.
&c. (1806), 41.
[7]Jefferson, loc. cit.
[8]John Ranking, Historical Researches on the Conquest of
Peru, Mexico, Bogota, Natchez, and Talomeco, in the Thirteenth
Century, by the Mongols, Accompanied with Elephants
(1823), 1-479. Johann R. Forster, Observations
Made During a Voyage Around the World, etc. (1778), 316.
[9]Frederick Larkin, Ancient Man in America (1880), 3, 141.
[10]Max Uhle, “Späte Mastodonten in Ecuador,” Proceedings,
23rd International Congress of Americanists (1930), 247-258.
[11]Loren C. Eiseley, “The Mastodon and Early Man in America,”
Science, 102:108-109 (1945).
[12]William B. Scott, A History of Land Mammals in the Western
Hemisphere (2nd ed., 1937), 260.
[13]Loren C. Eiseley, “Men, Mastodons, and Myths,” Scientific
Monthly, 62:517-524 (1946).
[14]Charles Lyell, Travels in North America, 1:54 (1845).
[15]Eiseley, “The Mastodon, etc.,” 109-110.
[16]Edgar B. Howard, “The Emergence of a General Folsom
Pattern,” 25th Anniversary Studies, Philadelphia Anthropological
Society (1937), 1:114.
[17]Hans E. Fischel, “Folsom and Yuma Culture Finds,” American
Antiquity, 4:241 (1939).
[18]Eiseley, “Did the Folsom Bison Survive in Canada?” Scientific
Monthly, 56:468-472 (1943).
[19]S. N. Rhoads, “Notes on Living and Extinct Species of
North American Bovidae,” Proceedings, Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, 49:497 (1897). C. Gordon
Hewitt, The Conservation of the Wild-Life of Canada
(1921), 124.
[20]Ernest Thompson Seton, Lives of Game Animals (1927),
vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 707.
[21]Eiseley, op. cit., 471.
[22]K. P. Schmidt, “Herpetological Evidence for a Post-Glacial
Eastward Extension of the Steppe in North America,” Ecology,
19:398-399 (1938).
[23]Ernst Antevs, personal communication, 1946.
[24]H. H. Howorth, The Mammoth and the Flood (1887), xviii.
[25]Eiseley, “The Fire-Drive and the Extinction of the Terminal
Pleistocene Fauna,” American Anthropologist, new ser.
48:54-55 (1946).
[26]Carl Sauer, “A Geographic Sketch of Early Man in America,”
Geographical Review, 34:543-554 (1944).
[27]Sauer, personal communication, 1946.
[28]Eiseley, op. cit., 56-58.
[29]Eiseley, “Archaeological Observations on the Problem of
Post-Glacial Extinction,” American Antiquity, 8:214 (1943).
[30]Alfred S. Romer, “Pleistocene Vertebrates and Their Bearing
on the Problem of Human Antiquity in North America,”
in The American Aborigines, ed. D. Jenness (1933), 76-77.
[31]Ibid., 77. Edwin H. Colbert, “The Association of Man with
Extinct Mammals in the Western Hemisphere,” Proceedings,
8th American Scientific Congress (1942), 2:27.
[32]Frank Hibben, “Evidence of Early Man in Alaska,” American
Antiquity, 8:255-257 (1943). Froelich G. Rainey, “Archaeological
Investigations in Central Alaska,” American
Antiquity, 5:299-308 (1940).
[33]Ernst Antevs, “Geologic-Climatic Dating in the West,”
American Antiquity, 20:329 (1955).
[34]Paul S. Martin, “Pleistocene Ecology and Biography of
North America,” American Association for the Advancement
of Science, Publication 51:405 (1958).
[35]Jim Hester, “Late Pleistocene Extinction and Radiocarbon
Dating,” American Antiquity, 26:58-71 (1960).
Chapter 9
[1]Nels C. Nelson, “The Antiquity of Man in America in the
Light of Archaeology,” in The American Aborigines (1933),
97.
[2]Earnest A. Hooton, “Racial Types in America and Their Relations
to Old World Types,” in The American Aborigines
(1933), 152-153.
[3]Hooton, The Indians of Pecos Pueblo (Papers, Phillips Academy
Southwestern Expedition, No. 4, 1930), 355-356.
[4]Arthur Keith, New Discoveries Relating to the Antiquity of
Man (1931), 312.
[5]Hooton, op. cit., 361-362.
[6]Hooton, Introduction to Harold Gladwin, Men Out of Asia
(1947), xi.
[7]Roland B. Dixon, The Racial History of Man (1923), 476,
401-403, 475.
[8]Ibid., 402, 507, 513.
[9]R. Ruggles Gates, Human Ancestry from a Genetical Point
of View (1948), 284, 290, 312.
[10]Hooton, “Racial Types in America, etc.,” 158.
[11]W. W. Howells, “The Origins of the American Indian Race
Types,” in The Maya and Their Neighbors (1940), 8.
[12]Hooton, op. cit., 152, and Up from the Ape (1931), 569.
[13]W. J. Sollas, Ancient Hunters and Their Modern Representatives
(1911), 583-594.
[14]M. R. Harrington, Gypsum Cave, Nevada (Southwest Museum
Papers, no. 8, 1933), 190.
[15]Griffith Taylor, Environment, Race, and Migration, 247
(1938).
[16]Hooton, “Skeletons from the Cenote of Sacrifice at Chichén
Itzá,” in The Maya and Their Neighbors (1940), 277, 280.
[17]Carl Sauer, “Early Relations of Man to Plants,” Geographical
Review, 87:10 (1947).
[18]Earl W. Count, “Primitive Amerinds and the Australo-Melanesians,”
Revista del Instituto de Antropologia de la
Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 1:123, 133 (1939).
[19]A. A. Mendes Correâ, Homo (1926), 229, and “Nouvelle
hypothese sur le peuplement primitif de l’Amérique du Sud,”
22nd International Congress of Americanists, 1:116 (1926).
[20]Paul Rivet, “Recherche d’une voie de migration des Australiens
vers l’Amérique,” Séances publiques, Société Biogéographique
(1926), 3:11-16.
[21]Rivet, Titres et travaux scientifiques de P. Rivet (1927), 34.
[22]Rivet, “Les Australiens en Amérique,” Bulletin de la Société
de Linguistique, 26:1-43 (1925).
[23]Dixon, The Building of Cultures (1928), 239.
[24]José Imbelloni, “The Peopling of America,” Acta Americana,
1:320-324 (1943).
[25]Harold S. Gladwin, Men Out of Asia (1947), 62.
[26]Carl Sauer, personal communication, 1946.
[27]Gladwin, op. cit., 56-59.
[28]Ibid., 95-103.
[29]Ibid., 137-146.
[30]Ibid., 147-156, 165-183.
[31]Ibid., 221-243.
[32]Joseph B. Birdsell, “The Problem of the Early Peopling of
the Americas as viewed from Asia,” in Papers on the Physical
Anthropology of the American Indian, ed. William S. Laughlin
(1951), 1-68.
Chapter 10
[1]Erland Nordenskiöld, “Origin of the Indian Civilizations in
South America,” in The American Aborigines (1933), 262-263.
Harold S. Gladwin, Excavations at Snaketown: Part 2,
Comparisons and Theories (Medallion Papers, Gila Pueblo,
no. 26, 1937), 137-148. Kenneth P. Emory, “Oceanic Influence
on American Indian Culture: Nordenskiöld’s View,”
Journal, Polynesian Society, 51:126-135 (1942).
[2]Robert H. Lowie, The History of Ethnological Theory
(1937), 77-78.
[3]Herbert J. Spinden, “Origin of Civilizations in Central
America and Mexico,” in The American Aborigines (1933),
225.
[4]Spinden, “The Prosaic vs. the Romantic School in Anthropology,”
in Culture, the Diffusion Controversy (1927),
53.
[5]Nordenskiöld, An Ethno-Geographical Analysis of the Material
Culture of Two Indian Tribes in the Gran Chaco and
Modifications in Indian Customs Through Inventions and
Loans (Comparative Ethnographical Studies, nos. 1 and 8,
1919, 1930) and “The American Indian as an Inventor,” in
Source Book in Anthropology, ed. Kroeber and Waterman
(rev. ed., 1931), 488-505, and “Origin of the Indian Civilizations
in South America,” in The American Aborigines
(1933), 249-311.
[6]Nordenskiöld, “Origin, etc.,” 287.
[7]Aleš Hrdlička, “The Derivation and Probable Place of Origin
of the North American Indian,” Proceedings, 18th International
Congress of Americanists (1913), 62.
[8]Earnest A. Hooton, Introduction to Harold S. Gladwin, Men
Out of Asia (1947), xi.
[9]Gladwin, Excavations at Snaketown, 2:131, 152, 136.
[10]Roland B. Dixon, The Building of Cultures (1928), 206-207.
[11]Curt Sachs, The History of Musical Instruments (1940),
178.
[12]Alfred Kroeber, Anthropology (1923), 386.
[13]Alfred V. Kidder, Foreword to Gladwin, op. cit., 2:vii.
[14]Nordenskiöld, “Origin, etc.,” 256, 249.
[15]Willard F. Libby, Radiocarbon Dating (1955), 129.
[16]Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán, La Población negra de México
(1947).
[17]Gladwin, Men Out of Asia (1947), xiv-xv.
[18]Peter H. Buck, Vikings of the Sunrise (1938), 314.
[19]Gilbert N. Lewis, “The Beginning of Civilization in America,”
American Anthropologist, new ser., 49:1-24 (1947).
[20]Thor Heyerdahl, “The Voyage of the Raft Kon-Tiki,” Natural
History, 57:264-271, 286-287 (June, 1948).
[21]Marian W. Smith, Asia and North America Transpacific Contacts
(Memoirs, Society for American Archaeology, vol. 18,
no. 3 pt. 2, 1953).
[22]Gordon F. Ekholm, “A Possible Focus of Asiatic Influence
in the Late Classic Cultures of Mesoamerica,” in Asia and
North America Transpacific Contacts (1953), 72-89.