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Early Man in the New World

Chapter 147: Transcriber’s Notes
By Kenneth Macgowan
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Archaeology & AnthropologyHistory - American

About This Book

The work surveys archaeological and paleoecological evidence for human presence in the Americas, tracing debates about how and when people arrived, the Ice Age environments they encountered, and the artifacts and faunal remains that define early cultural complexes. It explains field methods and dating advances that clarified chronological sequences, reviews competing migration routes and hypotheses, and describes major tool traditions and site discoveries that shaped scholarly discussion. Emphasizing how new techniques reshaped interpretations, it presents a balanced overview of the evolving picture of prehistoric settlement while highlighting remaining uncertainties and areas for further research.

Q
Querns. See Milling stones
R
Rainey, F. G., 156
Ranking, John, on extinction of American mammals, 193
Ray, Cyrus N., 161
Recent Period. See Postglacial Period
Red Lady of Paviland, 97
Reeves, R. G., and cereal treasure, 268
Renaud, E. B., discoveries of, 173-74
Retzins, Anders, sets up cephalic index, 210
Rickard, T. A., on classification of cultures, 35-37;
on scope of Bronze Age, 34
Riss glaciation, 47
River terraces, determination of culture periods of early man through, 50-52, 64, 72, 73
Rivet, Paul, on origin of early man in New World, 224-25
Roberts, Frank H. H., Jr., 146;
digs Lindenmeier site, 150;
on early man in America, 125, 127, 278
Rogers, Malcolm J., challenges dating of Mohave and Pinto, 160
Romer, Alfred S., on extinction of mammals, 203
Romero, Javier, on Tepexpan man, 138
Rosholt. See Dating
Rostrocarinates. See Eoliths
S
Saltadora Cave, paintings in, 112-13
Sandia Cave, dating of man found in, 191;
findings at, 165, 184;
points found with extinct mammals in, 191
Sauer, Carl, 169;
on agriculture in New World, 265-66, 272;
on backwardness of living American tribes, 223-24;
on cornlike Asian grasses, 274;
on existence of glacial man, 290;
on extinction of mammals, 202-3;
on migration routes, 22;
on pluvials, 294
Sauk Valley man, 133
Sautuola, Marcelino de, 112
Schultz, C. Bertrand, discoveries of, 166;
on existence of glacial man, 290
Scopes trial. See Monkey trial
Scott, William B., on historic existence of Pleistocene mammals, 197
Sculpture, 171;
Aurignacian, 98, 256;
Magdalenian, 107, 256
Sellards, E. H., believes Oklahoma find glacial, 146;
discoveries of, 133-34, 171
Seton, Ernest Thompson, 200
Shanidar Cave, 96
Simpson, Sir George C., on rainfall during Great Ice Age, 294;
on solar energy during glaciation, 57-59
Simpson, George Gaylord, 281
Smith, Sir Grafton Elliot, 16;
on autochthonous origin of Indian cultures, 239-40
Smith, Joseph, 15, 16
Smith, Philip S., on crossing into New World, 20
Smith, Reginald A., 173
Solecki, Ralph S., 96
Solutreans, 102-7, 283-84;
artifacts of, 158, 165;
hypothesis of invention of bow and arrow by, 108;
hypothesis of origin of, 104;
as offshoot of Mousterians, 104, 284;
painting and sculpture of, 256
Southern apes, 85-87
Spear points, association with animal fossils of, 149, 189;
Clovis Fluted, 148-49, 153, 169, 180-81;
Folsom, 144-51, 153-62, 164-66;
invention of, 88, 90;
Ohio Fluted, 148;
as puzzle of New World, 281-83;
as signs of migration routes, 20, 21;
Solutrean, 104-7
Spillman, Franz, discoveries of, 194-95
Spinden, Herbert J., on possibility of paleolithic man in Americas, 287-88
Stahl, Willy, discoveries of, 170
Steinheim man, 80;
resemblance to Swanscombe, 79
Stephens, John L., 129
Stewart, George R., on significance of scrapers, 103;
on use of animal carcasses, 35
Stewart, T. D., 134;
on Tepexpan man, 138
Strong, Duncan, 274;
and Indian myths, 192
Strong, W. D., discovers milling stones, 169
Sullivan, Louis R., 218
Swanscombe man, 80;
similarity to Neanderthal man of, 77, 78
T
Talgai man, 221, 224
Tang, in Aterian arrowheads, 105-7;
in Solutrean points, 104-6
Tartars, thought to be forebears of Indians, 13, 14
Taylor, Griffith, on early Australoid migration, 223-24
Telanthropus, 85
Ten Kate, C. F., discovers Pericú skulls, 135;
recognizes Australoid in America, 218
Tepexpan man, 137-38, 278;
challenged, 140
Terra, Helmut de, discoveries of, 137-38, 175, 177
Thomsen, Christian Jutgenson, defines culture periods, 33
Tools, in association with animal fossils, 164-67, 169, 177, 179, 195;
Aurignacian, 99, 107;
chopping, 286-87;
core, 100, 174, 183, 286;
for the dead, 88;
earliest association of human remains with, 75, 84, 85;
flake vs. core, 68;
flaked, 70, 80, 81, 86, 88, 90-94;
of Fontechevade man, 80;
natural development of, 67, 68
Tree rings, 49
Treganza, A. E., discoveries of, 160
Trepanning, defined, 7
Tule Springs, discoveries at, 182
U
Uhle, Max, excavates Quito find, 194-95
Uranium, in dating, 139-40
V
Vaillant, George C., xii;
dates sites of Indian culture, 247
Varves, 132;
defined, 49
Vavilov, N. I., on temperate origins of agriculture, 266
Vespucci, Amerigo, 11
Vicuña, 8
Voltaire, on origin of man in New World, 15
W
Weapons, in food gathering, 41
Wegener, A. L., hypothesis of drift of continents by, 224
Wegner, R. N., 223
Weidenreich, Franz, 83;
on Tepexpan man, 138
Wenchung, Pei, 84
Whitney, J. D., 123
Wilford, L. A., on Sauk Valley skull, 133
Wilson, Thomas, 124;
speculates on paleolithic hand axes, 173-74
Wissler, Clark, on cultural range and variety, 7;
on first migration of man to New World, 277-78
Woman, as begetter of neolithic age, 38
Woodbury, George and Edna, on newer western craniums, 135
Wormington, H. M., 162
Wright, Sewall, hypothesis on extinction of mammals by, 202
Wright, W. B., on flake and core tools, 70
Writing, as determinant in time scale, 115;
in Indian culture, 246, 253, 255, 262
Y
Yukon Valley, as migration route, 21
Z
Zero, invention of, 7, 255
Zeuner, Frederick E., on advent of Aurignacians, 100;
on glaciation, 54, 55, 59;
on stay of Solutreans in Europe, 102
Zinjanthropus boisei, 85

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MACGOWAN, KENNETH, and HESTER, JR., JOSEPH A. Early Man in the New World (Revised edition) N22
MERCER, E. H. Cells: Their Structure and Function N25
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WILEY, FARIDA A. (Ed.) John Burroughs’ America N13
—— Theodore Roosevelt’s America N24

EARLY MAN IN THE NEW WORLD

A Doubleday Anchor Book
95 line drawings
Cover design by Sydney Butchkes
Cover drawing by Richard Erdoes

This eminently readable and authoritative book on the Stone Age American has been extensively revised and updated for this new edition. Early Man in the New World examines and assesses the prevailing theories on the appearance of man in America during the late Ice Age, and his relationship to the present-day American Indian. With ninety-five line drawings depicting the different stone-flaking techniques, illustrating various migration routes, and locating fossil sites, this is an incomparable guide to a continuing archaeological quest. “An admirable introduction,” wrote Harry L. Shapiro in The Saturday Review; The New York Times called it “excellent and provocative.”

KENNETH MACGOWAN is an outstanding amateur archaeologist with a special talent for clarifying the complex mass of evidence and the conflicting theories on the existence of prehistoric man in America. His vocation has been producing plays on Broadway and motion pictures in Hollywood. He is professor emeritus of theater arts at U.C.L.A., and the author of several books.

JOSEPH A. HESTER, JR., Mr. Macgowan’s collaborator on this revised edition, is an associate professor of anthropology at San Jose State College. Dr. Hester is a member of the Society for American Archaeology and a fellow of the American Anthropological Association.

The foreword to this edition is by Gordon Ekholm, Curator of Mexican Archaeology, Department of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History.

Though best known for his distinguished career in the theater and motion pictures, Kenneth Macgowan has won the respect of professional archaeologists and anthropologists for his special talent in explaining to fellow amateurs the search for prehistoric man in North and South America. First published in 1950, Early Man in the New World has now been extensively revised to include the wealth of new finds in the last decade.

Mr. Macgowan made his reputation first as a dramatic critic for such publications as Vogue and Theatre Arts, then as a Broadway and Hollywood producer. Since 1947 he has been professor of theater arts at U.C.L.A.

Joseph A. Hester, Jr., is associate professor of anthropology at San Jose State College. He has taught at Occidental College, Stanford University, and at U.C.L.A. He received his A.B. degree in 1949 and his Ph.D. degree in 1954 from U.C.L.A., both in anthropology. From 1952 to 1954, Dr. Hester held a fellowship in archaeology with the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and later in 1955-56, a post-doctoral fellowship with the National Science Foundation. He is a member of the Society for American Archaeology and a fellow of the American Anthropological Association.

Transcriber’s Notes

  • Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.
  • Transcribed textual information from some image-based tables.
  • Silently corrected a few palpable typos.
  • In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.