- Abington, school land, 106;
- school, 106f.
- Ackworth School, 22.
- Aims of educ., 7ff., 36ff., 161, 268.
- Apprenticeship educ., recommended, 9, 85, 86, 159, 206.
- Attendance, 180, 185;
- in Negro School, 243f.
- Baptists, 5.
- Barclay, on educ., 31.
- Benezet, on educ., 31ff.;
- employed in Phila., 57-58, 216ff.;
- on keeping slaves, 235f.
- Biddle, 73.
- Birmingham, 131, 134, 163.
- Blue Hill, 151.
- Books, distributed, 24;
- used in schools, 109, 142, 193ff.
- Bradford, 123f., 134, 136ff.
- Bristol, school, 88.
- Buckingham, school, 95ff.
- Budd, educ. scheme of, 36ff.
- Buildings and grounds, 65ff.;
- interior of, 67ff.
- Byberry, school, 74ff.;
- report, 76f.;
- schoolmasters at, 224f.
- Chester, 148ff., 151.
- Chichester, 163.
- Children, apprenticeship of, 159;
- cared for by meetings, 122f., 141.
- Classic languages, 11, 59, 71;
- not necessary for ministers, 31, 35.
- Clerkenwell, school at, 22.
- Committees, on schools, functions, 80, 168, 141, 143;
- school coms. appointed, 111, 116, 118.
- Concord, 162ff.
- Cox, criticism by, 26ff.
- Crouch, on educ., 34f.
- Curriculum, 190ff., 215, 270;
- Classical School, 196;
- English School, 197;
- Negro School, 192;
- Latin and Greek, 59, 71;
- letter writing, 191;
- mathematics, 30, 71f.;
- spelling, 192;
- subjects recommended, 29ff.
- Darby, 23f., 154ff.
- Discipline, 186, 223.
- East Bradford, 131.
- East Caln, 137f.
- Education, before the Quakers, 147;
- moral, 86;
- for Negro and Indian, 233ff., 269;
- practical, by apprenticeship, 9, 10;
- provided in Frame of Government, 42;
- public, recommended, 30;
- recommended by yr. mtg., 20ff., 109, 123, 174.
- English School, masters of, 222ff.
- Evening Schools, 187.
- Exeter, 79ff.
- Falls, 86ff.
- Fox, sketch of life, 2ff.;
- conclusions of, 4;
- educ’l creed, 7ff.;
- recommended schs., 10;
- educ. of ministers, 11f.;
- mo. mtgs. recommended, 16.
- Free Schools, 180.
- Germantown, 77ff.
- Girls’ School, 70, 213, 217.
- Goshen, 130ff.
- Gwynedd, 110, 113.
- Haverford, 162.
- Horsham, 114ff.
- Indians, educ. recommended, 8, 12, 37, 269;
- friendly relation with, 262;
- issue of rum to, 262;
- missionaries among, 263;
- aid requested by, 263;
- educ’l. work among, 263f.;
- occupations taught, 265.
- Inner light, 2, 4, 7, 13.
- Kennett, 122f.;
- discontinued, 124, 137, 169f.
- Lampeter, 142.
- Land, for school use, 81, 87ff., 106, 125, 131f., 148f., 176f.
- Latin School, masters of, 220ff.
- Legacies: Carter, 74, 107f.;
- Wade, Lineham and Richards, 63;
- Bryner and Baldwin, 90;
- Harker, 93, 95;
- Holcomb, 95;
- Abbitt, Buckman and Twining, 101;
- Roberts and Walton, 103;
- Keen and Hoskins, 148;
- Taylor and Hall, 149;
- Turner, 151f.;
- Evans, 152;
- Meed, 153;
- Blunston, 154;
- Lobb, 157;
- Yarnall, 165;
- Barnes, 106f.;
- under care of trustees, 75, 107f.
- Literature, used in meetings, 199ff.
- London, yearly mtg. established, 17;
- advices on educ., 172f.
- London Grove, 140.
- Maiden Creek, 80f.
- Makefield, 88.
- Meetings, established, 15f., 79, 85, 105, 122, 147.
- Mennonites, 4f.
- Merion and Valley, 114.
- Methods, 197, 199.
- Middletown, 92ff., 149f., 151.
- Montgomery Township, 112.
- Monthly meeting, function, 19, 169, 175.
- Morristown, 111.
- Nantmeal, 139f.
- Negro, educ. recommended, 8, 12, 37, 269;
- manumission, 252, 257, 261;
- educ. of — in Phila., 239-246;
- Exeter, 248;
- Radnor, 248f.;
- Middletown, 249f.;
- Buckingham, 250ff.;
- Kennett, 253;
- New Garden and Uwchlan, 138, 254;
- Sadsbury and Bradford, 255;
- Concord and Goshen, 256;
- Abington and Horsham, 258;
- Byberry and Gwynedd, 259ff.;
- Warrington and Fairfax, 261;
- attitude of sects toward —, 231ff.;
- meetings for —, 239;
- com. on — affairs, 240f.;
- duties of com. on —, 246-7;
- — in Pa. 228ff.
- Negro School, established, 241f.;
- support, 64;
- housed, 70, 71, 215, 217;
- status in 1800, 245;
- support of, 243f., 247f.;
- attendance, 243f.;
- teachers in, Patterson, 241;
- Houghton, 242;
- Benezet, 242;
- Britt, Dougherty, Meccum, 243;
- Pickering, 244;
- Mears, 245.
- New Garden, 123f., 128ff., 137.
- Organization, of meetings, purpose, 15;
- explained, 18;
- with regard to schools, 172-190;
- weakness of, 268.
- Pastorius, 47, 53, 77ff.
- Pay scholars, 180.
- Penn, on educ., 28ff.;
- coming to Phila., 41.
- Penn Charter School, 45;
- petition to incorporate, 47ff.;
- first charter, 49ff.;
- rechartered, 52;
- self perpetuating corporation of, 53, 106.
- Philadelphia, reports on schs. in, 58ff., 71ff.
- Plymouth, 112.
- Poor, educ. of, 32, 38, 59, 74, 91, 112f., 117, 149, 159.
- Preachers, journeys of, 5f.
- Preparative meeting, functions, 19.
- Printing, encouraged, 152.
- Quakers, origin of, 1ff.;
- growth of, 6.
- Quarterly meeting, functions, 19, 168, 174.
- Radnor, 158ff.
- Rates, 71ff.
- Reading, 81f.
- Regulations, adopted for schools, 115f., 125f., 182ff.
- Rewards, 186.
- Richland, 102f.
- Robeson, 80f.
- Sadsbury, 141ff.
- Salary, 43, 45, 47, 54f., 62, 210f., 154;
- compared, 212.
- School control, 80, 186, 141, 143;
- coms. appointed on, 111, 116, 118.
- School day, length of, 186ff.
- Schoolhouses, 177ff.;
- school property, urged necessary, 176f.
- Schoolmistresses, 54, 58ff., 130, 208, 212f.
- Schools, modern tendency, 39;
- number established estimated, 121, 270.
- School support, 39, 45f., 60-65, 71ff., 89f., 92f., 98f., 127f., 133, 139ff., 143f., 148, 150f., 157f., 160, 164, 167-172;
- distribution of funds, 108;
- of Negro School, 64.
- Schwenkfeld, Caspar, 4.
- Schlemiel, school, 10, 22.
- Slavery, beginning of in Pa., 228;
- opponents of, 233ff.;
- classes interested, 230;
- attitude of Quakers, 236ff.;
- laws regarding, 228f.;
- increase of, 230;
- condition of slaves, 231;
- attitude of Fox, 233;
- Woolman, 234;
- Benezet, 235f.;
- Keith, 236.
- Spelling, 192.
- Springfield, 151.
- Student papers, 188f.
- Supervision of schools, 96f., 189.
- Teachers, selection of, 100, 110;
- scarcity, 150;
- source, 205f., 209;
- qualifications, 204;
- tenure, 207f., 209;
- duties, 214;
- rated, 216;
- no contract for, 210;
- morality, 225, 269.
- Teachers named: Albertson, 113;
- Ayres, 225;
- Brockden, 56, 74;
- Brientnall, 58;
- Brown, 59, 72, 218;
- Britt, 218;
- Burchall, 208, 214;
- Binns, 218;
- Buller, 218;
- Benezet, 31ff., 57, 58, 216ff., 235f.;
- Cadwalader, 54, 55, 209, 218;
- Cathrall, 59, 215;
- Clarke, 60, 72, 219;
- Carver, 225, 116;
- Clift, 207, 209, 219, 154;
- Coggins and Chamberlain, 114;
- Dickinson, 207, 219;
- Dougherty, 215;
- Dull, 114;
- Every, 55, 224;
- Eldridge, 206;
- Evans, 113;
- Flower, 42f., 45, 59;
- Fitzpatrick, 225, 116;
- Foulke, 114;
- Hartshorne, 60, 74;
- Harry, 60, 72;
- Houghton, 57;
- Josai, 58;
- Jones, 59, 114;
- Jackson, 220;
- Johnson, 225;
- Keith, 45, 207, 209, 219;
- Kirk, 225;
- King, 207, 220;
- Lancaster, 59, 72;
- Makin, 46, 53, 54, 56, 57, 207, 209, 219;
- Marsh, 60, 73;
- McDonnell, 60, 73;
- Mears, 218;
- Moor, 224;
- Meccum, 215;
- Naylor, 55;
- Pardo, 110, 114;
- Parks, 225;
- Patterson, 220;
- Pastorius, 47, 53, 77ff.;
- Proud, 59-71, 183ff., 206, 209, 221ff.;
- Pickering, 218;
- Pemberton, 224;
- Pearson, 225;
- Price, 114;
- Rakestraw, 59;
- Robbins, 56;
- Richards, 224;
- Smith, 58, 116, 225;
- Songhurst, 54, 208, 213;
- Snowdon, 223;
- Sitch, 224;
- Taylor, 107, 207, 225;
- Thompson, 58, 220f., 222;
- Thorne, 223;
- Thornton, 209, 213;
- Todd, 58, 59, 72, 222;
- Underwood, 225;
- Walby, 55;
- Warden, 56;
- Weaver, 59, 72;
- Willian, 57, 205, 209, 220;
- Wilson, 220;
- Waring, 223;
- Warren, 206;
- Yerkes, 58, 223.
- Tuke, on educ., 34f.
- Uwchlan, 138ff.
- Waltham, school at, 10, 22.
- Warrington, 117.
- Westtown Boarding School, 60, 73, 89, 145, 151.
- Whitehead, on educ., 34f.
- Willistown, 132.
- Women, as teachers, 54, 58f., 130;
- on school com., 118, 140.
- Woolman, on educ., 33f.;
- on slave holding, 234.
- Writing school, 195.
- Yearly meeting, recommends education, 20ff., 109;
- functions, 18.
- York, 119.
- Youths’ meetings, 105f., 117.
About This Book
The monograph traces Quaker educational practices in Pennsylvania before 1800, drawing on manuscript minutes and local records to reconstruct meeting organization, pedagogical ideals, and school operations. It surveys city and county schools—Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, Chester, and Delaware—examining curriculum, funding, governance, and the roles of masters and mistresses, and includes reports on schooling for Black and Native children. Chapters situate Quaker beliefs and meeting structures that shaped schooling and provide source-rich accounts, appendices, and a bibliography to support further historical and archival study.