In order to obtain good results in the using of tools it is necessary to know their construction, how to properly sharpen and adjust them, and the correct method of handling them. It is also essential to know how to lay out and work the material or stock. Carelessness or a lack of knowledge is invariably followed by a failure. It is more important at first to work carefully and accurately than rapidly.
“Tools are made to be used, not abused.” They must be kept clean and sharp and should be used only for the purpose intended. Wipe them off occasionally with an oily rag or waste to prevent them from rusting. Put away all tools not in use and keep the top of the bench clean. Do not mark it with a pencil or scratch it with a knife. Do not cut into it with the chisel or allow other tools to mark or deface it. When using glue, shellac, or similar materials, cover the top of the bench; or, better still, do the work on a table provided for that purpose.
The plan of work in making all models is in general the same and is as follows:
First. “Squaring up” the stock.
Second. “Laying out” the work.
Third. Cutting to the lines.
When the article is composed of two or more pieces a fourth step may be added, namely, fitting and securing the parts.
The tools used may be divided into three groups, as follows:
First. Laying-out tools. These include the rule, try-square, marking gauge, bevel, and knife.
Second. Cutting tools. In this group are the saw, plane, chisel, spokeshave, bit, and knife.
Third. Miscellaneous tools, such as the hammer, mallet, screw-driver, brace (or bitstock), and others not so common.