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Elements of arithmetic

Chapter 1: ELEMENTS OF ARITHMETIC.
By Augustus De Morgan
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About This Book

The text presents a systematic introduction to arithmetic beginning with numeration and the principles behind counting, then develops operations—addition, subtraction, multiplication, division—followed by treatments of fractions, decimal fractions, square roots, proportion, and basic combinatorics. A second part applies arithmetic to weights and measures, practical rules of three, interest, and commerce. Multiple appendices supply computation techniques, verification methods, notation, decimal money, bookkeeping principles, number properties, combinations, Horner’s method, and tips for applying arithmetic to geometry. Emphasis is on reasoned demonstration and practical proficiency.

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Title: Elements of arithmetic

Author: Augustus De Morgan

Release date: August 1, 2022 [eBook #68662]
Most recently updated: October 18, 2024

Language: English

Original publication: United Kingdom: Walton and Maberly, 1858

Credits: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ELEMENTS OF ARITHMETIC ***

ELEMENTS OF ARITHMETIC.

BY AUGUSTUS DE MORGAN,

OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE;

FELLOW OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY,
AND OF THE CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY;
PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON.

“Hominis studiosi est intelligere, quas utilitates proprie afferat arithmetica his, qui solidam et perfectam doctrinam in cæteris philosophiæ partibus explicant. Quod enim vulgo dicunt, principium esse dimidium totius, id vel maxime in philosophiæ partibus conspicitur.”—Melancthon.

“Ce n’est point par la routine qu’on e’instruit, c’est par sa propre réflexion; et il est essentiel de contracter l’habitude de se rendre raison de ce qu’on fait: cette habitude s’acquiert plus facilement qu’on ne pense; et une fois acquise, elle ne se perd plus.”—Condillac.

SEVENTEENTH THOUSAND.

LONDON:
WALTON AND MABERLY,
UPPER GOWER STREET, AND IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW.

M.DCCC.LVIII.

LONDON:
PRINTED BY J. WERTHEIMER AND CO.,
CIRCUS-PLACE, FINSBURY-CIRCUS.