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English and American tool builders

Chapter 4: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
By Joseph Wickham Roe
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About This Book

A historical survey and collection of biographies that traces the technical and personal development of machine-tool making in England and the United States. It profiles pioneering craftsmen and engineers—Maudslay, Wilkinson, Bramah, Nasmyth, Whitworth, Eli Whitney and American firms such as Colt, Pratt & Whitney, Robbins & Lawrence and Brown & Sharpe—while explaining key inventions (lathe, planer, gearing, interchangeability) and regional centers of manufacture. Chapters combine technical description, industrial context, and firm histories to show how toolmaking practices enabled mass production and shaped later engineering, concluding with appendices and a partial bibliography.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

  Henry Maudslay Frontispiece
Fig. 1. Smeaton’s Boring Machine, Carron Iron Works, 1769 Facing page 2
Fig. 2. French Lathes of about 1772 Facing page 2
Fig. 3. French Slide-Rest, 1772 Facing page 6
Fig. 4. French Lathe for Turning Ovals, 1772 Facing page 6
Fig. 5. Genealogy of the Early English Tool Builders page 7
Fig. 6. John Wilkinson Facing page 14
Fig. 7. Wilkinson’s Boring Machine Facing page 14
Fig. 8. Eminent Men of Science Living in 1807-8 Facing page 20
Fig. 9. Sir Samuel Bentham Facing page 22
Fig. 10. Sir Marc Isambard Brunel Facing page 26
Fig. 11. Brunel’s Mortising Machine Facing page 30
Fig. 12. Brunel’s Shaping Machine Facing page 30
Fig. 13. French Screw-Cutting Lathe, Previous to 1569 page 37
Fig. 14. French Screw-Cutting Lathe, about 1740 page 37
Fig. 15. Maudslay’s Screw-Cutting Lathe, about 1797 Facing page 42
Fig. 16. Maudslay’s Screw-Cutting Lathe, about 1800 Facing page 42
Fig. 17. French Planing Machine by Nicholas Forq, 1751 Facing page 50
Fig. 18. Matthew Murray Facing page 58
Fig. 19. Richard Roberts Facing page 58
Fig. 20. Roberts’ Planer, Built in 1817 Facing page 60
Fig. 21. Roberts’ Back-Geared Lathe Facing page 60
Fig. 22. James Nasmyth Facing page 82
Fig. 23. First Sketch of the Steam Hammer, November 24, 1839 Facing page 94
Fig. 24. Model of the First Steam Hammer Facing page 94
Fig. 25. Sir Joseph Whitworth Facing page 102
Fig. 26. Samuel Slater Facing page 122
Fig. 27. Genealogy of the New England Gun Makers page 139
Fig. 28. The First Milling Machine, Built by Eli Whitney about 1818 Facing page 142
Fig. 29. Blanchard “Gun-Stocking” Lathe, Built in 1818 for the Springfield Armory Facing page 142
Fig. 30. Eli Whitney Facing page 152
Fig. 31. Samuel Colt Facing page 164
Fig. 32. The Colt Armory Facing page 168
Fig. 33. Root’s Chucking Lathe, about 1855 Facing page 170
Fig. 34. Root’s Splining Machine, about 1855 Facing page 170
Fig. 35. Francis A. Pratt Facing page 178
Fig. 36. Amos Whitney Facing page 178
Fig. 37. Genealogy of the Robbins & Lawrence Shop page 187
Fig. 38. Robbins & Lawrence Armory, Windsor, Vt. Facing page 190
Fig. 39. Frederick W. Howe Facing page 196
Fig. 40. Richard S. Lawrence Facing page 196
Fig. 41. James Hartness Facing page 198
Fig. 42. Joseph R. Brown Facing page 202
Fig. 43. First Universal Milling Machine, 1862 Facing page 208
Fig. 44. Early Micrometer Calipers Facing page 212
Fig. 45. Genealogy of the Worcester Tool Builders page 223
Fig. 46. Lucius W. Pond Facing page 228
Fig. 47. Salmon W. Putnam Facing page 228
Fig. 48. Hiram W. Hayden Facing page 232
Fig. 49. Israel Holmes Facing page 232
Fig. 50. Genealogy of the Naugatuck Brass Industry page 235
Fig. 51. William Sellers Facing page 248
Fig. 52. Coleman Sellers Facing page 252
Fig. 53. William B. Bement Facing page 252
Fig. 54. Worcester R. Warner Facing page 262
Fig. 55. Ambrose Swasey Facing page 262
Fig. 56. The “Mult-au-matic” Lathe, 1914 Facing page 276
Fig. 57. Machine Tool Building Area of the United States, 1915 page 279