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English As We Speak It in Ireland

Chapter 46: Notes
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About This Book

The book analyzes the distinctive English spoken in Ireland, tracing its sources to Irish, Old English and Scottish dialects as well as indigenous local developments. Based on decades of collected examples from memory, folk songs, literature, newspapers, and many contributor submissions, it categorizes idioms, pronunciation and grammatical features; examines Irish-derived expressions, negative constructions, swearing, proverbs, exaggeration, comparisons, and historical or customary vocabulary; and concludes with an extensive alphabetical glossary and regional notes. The presentation favors popular description over technical linguistics and emphasizes usage and classification for a general reader.



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF PERSONS

Who sent me Collections of Dialectical Words and Phrases in response to my letter of February, 1892, published in the newspapers.

The names and addresses are given exactly as I received them. The collections of those marked with an asterisk (*) were very important.

Allen, Mary; Armagh.

Atkinson, M.; The Pavilion, Weedon.

Bardan, Patrick; Coralstown, Killucan, Westmeath.

Bentley, William; Hurdlestown, Broadford, Co. Clare.

Bermingham, T. C.; Whitechurch Nat. School, Cappoquin, Co. Waterford.

Boyd, John; Union Place, Dungannon.

Boyd, John; Dean's Bridge, Armagh.

Brady, P.; Brackney Nat. School, Kilkeel, Down.

Brady, P.; Anne Street, Dundalk.

Breen, E.; Killarney.

Brenan, Rev. Samuel Arthur, Rector; Cushendun, Antrim.

Brett, Miss Elizabeth C.; Crescent, Holywood, Co. Down.

Brophy, Michael; Tullow Street, Carlow.

Brown, Edith; Donaghmore, Tyrone.

Brown, Mrs. John; Seaforde, Clough, Co. Down.

Brownlee, J. A.; Armagh.

Buchanan, Colonel; Edenfel, Omagh.

Burke, W. S.; 187 Clonliffe Road, Dublin.

Bushe, Charles P.; 2 St. Joseph's Terrace, Sandford Road, Dublin.

Burrows, A.; Grass Valley, Nevada Co., California.

Byers, J. W.; Lower Crescent, Belfast.

Byrne, James, J.P.; Wallstown Castle, Castletownroche, Co. Cork.

Caldwell, Mrs.; Dundrum, Dublin.

*Campbell, Albert; Ballynagarde House, Derry.

Campbell, John; Blackwatertown, Armagh.

Cangley, Patrick; Co. Meath. (North.)

Carroll, John; Pallasgrean, Co. Limerick.

Chute, Jeanie L. B.; Castlecoote, Roscommon.

Clements, M. E.; 61 Marlborough Road, Dublin.

Close, Mary A.; Limerick.

*Close, Rev. Maxwell; Dublin.

Coakley, James; Currabaha Nat. School, Kilmacthomas, Waterford.

Coleman, James; Southampton. (Now of Queenstown.)

Colhoun, James; Donegal.

Connolly, Mrs. Susan; The Glebe, Foynes.

Corrie, Sarah; Monaghan.

Counihan, Jeremiah; Killarney.

Cox, M.; Co. Roscommon.

Crowe, A.; Limerick.

Cullen, William; 131 North King Street, Dublin.

Curry, S.; General Post Office, Dublin.

Daunt, W. J. O'N.; Kilcascan, Ballyneen, Co. Cork.

Davies, W. W.; Glenmore Cottage, Lisburn.

Delmege, Miss F.; N. Teacher, Central Model School, Dublin.

Dennehy, Patrick; Curren's Nat. School, Farranfore, Co. Cork.

Devine, The Rev. Father Pius; Mount Argus, Dublin.

Dobbyn, Leonard; Hollymount, Lee Road, Cork.

Dod, R.; Royal Academical Institution, Belfast; The Lodge, Castlewellan.

Doherty, Denis; Co. Cork.

*Drew, Sir Thomas; Dublin.

Dunne, Miss; Aghavoe House, Ballacolla, Queen's Co.

Egan, F. W.; Albion House, Dundrum, Dublin.

Egan, J.; 34 William Street, Limerick.

Fetherstonhaugh, R. S.; Rock View, Killucan, Westmeath.

FitzGerald, Lord Walter; Kilkea Castle, Co. Kildare.

Fleming, Mrs. Elizabeth; Ventry Parsonage, Dingle, Kerry.

Fleming, John; Rathgormuck Nat. School, Waterford.

Flynn, John; Co. Clare.

Foley, M.; Killorglin, Kerry.

Foster, Elizabeth J.; 7 Percy Place, Dublin.

G. K. O'L. (a lady from Kilkenny, I think).

Garvey, John; Ballina, Co. Mayo.

Gilmour, Thomas; Antrim.

Glasgow, H. L.; 'Midland Ulster Mail,' Cookstown, Co. Tyrone.

Glover, W. W.; Ballinlough Nat. School, Co. Roscommon.

Graham, Lizzie F.; Portadown.

Greene, Dr. G. E. J.; The Well, Ballycarney, Ferns, Co. Wexford.

Hamilton, A.; Desertmartin, Belfast.

Hannon, John; Crossmaglen Nat. School, Armagh.

Harkin, Daniel; Ramelton, Donegal.

*Harrington, Private Thomas; 211 Strand, London, W.C. (For Munster.)

Haugh, John; Co. Clare.

Haughton, Kate M.; Lady's Island Nat. School, Wexford.

*Healy, Maurice, M.P., 37 South Mall, Cork.

Henry, Robert; Coleraine.

*Higgins, The Rev. Michael, C.C.; Queenstown, Cork.

Hunt, M.; Ballyfarnan, Roscommon.

*Hunter, Robert; 39 Gladstone Street, Clonmel.

Irwin, A. J., B.A.; Glenfern, Ballyarton, Derry.

*Jones, Miss; Knocknamohill, Ovoca, Co. Wicklow.

*Joyce, W. B., B.A.; Limerick.

*Kane, W. Francis de Vismes; Sloperton Lodge, Kingstown, Dublin. (For Ulster.)

Keegan, T.; Rosegreen Nat. School, Clonmel.

Kelly, Eliza, Co. Mayo.

Kelly, George A. P., M.A.; 6 Upper Pembroke Street, Dublin. (For Roscommon.)

Kennedy, J. J.; Faha Nat. School, Beaufort, Killarney.

Kenny, The Rev. M. J., P.P.; Scarriff, Co. Clare.

Kenny, Charles W.; Caledon, Co. Tyrone.

Kilmartin, Mary; Tipperary.

Kilpatrick, George; Kilrea, Derry.

*Kinahan, G. H.; Dublin. (Collection gathered from all Ireland.)

Kingham, S. H.; Co. Down.

*Knowles, W. J.; Flixton Place, Ballymena.

Knox, W.; Tedd, Irvinestown.

Lawlor, Patrick; Ballinclogher Nat. School, Lixnaw, Kerry.

Linn, Richard; 259 Hereford St., Christchurch, New Zealand. (For Antrim.)

Lynch, M. J.; Kerry.

*MacCall, Patrick J.; 25 Patrick St., Dublin.

McCandless, T.; Ballinrees Nat. School, Coleraine.

McClelland, F. J.; Armagh.

McCormac, Emily; Cnoc Aluin, Dalkey, Dublin.

MacDonagh, Mr.; Ward Schls., Bangor, Co. Down.

McGloin, Louisa; Foxford, Mayo.

MacSheehy, Brian, LL.D., Head Inspector of Nat. Schools, Dublin.

McKenna, A.; Clones, Co. Monaghan.

McKeown, R.; Co. Tyrone.

McNulty, Robert; Raphoe.

Maguire, John; Co. Cavan.

Maguire, M.; Mullinscross, Louth.

Mason, Thos. A. H.; 29 Marlborough Road, Dublin.

Mason, Thos.; Hollymount, Buxton Hill, Cork.

Montgomery, Maggie; Antrim.

*Moran, Patrick; 14 Strand Road, Derry, Retired Head Constable R. I. Constabulary, native of Carlow, to which his collection mainly belongs.

*Morris, Henry; Cashlan East, Carrickmacross, Monaghan.

Murphy, Christopher O'B.; 48 Victoria St., Dublin.

Murphy, Ellie; Co. Cork.

Murphy, J.; Co. Cork.

Murphy, T.; Co. Cork.

Neville, Anne; 48 Greville Road, Bedminster.

Niven, Richard; Lambeg, Lisburn.

Norris, A.; Kerry.

O'Brien, Michael; Munlough Nat. School, Cavan.

O'Connor, James; Ballyglass House, Sligo.

O'Donnell, Patrick; Mayo.

*O'Donohoe, Timothy; Carrignavar, Cork. ('Tadg O'Donnchadha.')

O'Farrell, Fergus; Redington, Queenstown.

O'Farrell, W. (a lady). Same place.

O'Flanagan, J. R.; Grange House, Fermoy, Cork.

O'Hagan, Philip; Buncrana, Donegal.

O'Hara, Isa; Tyrone.

O'Leary, Nelius; Nat. School, Kilmallock, Limerick.

O'Reilly, P.; Nat. School, Granard.

O'Sullivan, D. J.; Shelburne Nat. School, Kenmare.

O'Sullivan, Janie; Kerry.

Reen, Denis T.; Kingwilliamstown, Cork.

Reid, George R.; 23 Cromwell Road, Belfast.

Reid, Samuel W.; Armagh.

*Reilly, Patrick; Cemetery Lodge, Naas, Co. Kildare.

Rice, Michael; Castlewellan, Co. Down.

Riley, Lizzie; Derry.

*Russell, T. O'Neill; Dublin. (For central counties.)

Ryan, Ellie; Limerick.

Scott, J.; Milford Nat. School, Donegal.

*Scott, S.; Derry.

*Simmons, D. A.; Nat. School, Armagh.

Simpson, Thomas; Derry.

Skirving, R. Scot; 29 Drummond Place, Edinburgh.

Smith, Owen; Nobber, Co. Meath.

*Stafford, Wm.; Baldwinstown, Bridgetown, Wexford.

Stanhope, Mr.; Paris.

Supple, D. J.; Royal Irish Constabulary, Robertstown, Kildare. (For Kerry.)

Thompson, L.; Ballyculter, Co. Down.

Tighe, T. F.; Ulster Bank, Ballyjamesduff, Co. Cavan.

Tobin, J. E.; 8 Muckross Parade, N. C. Road, Dublin.

Tuite, Rev. P., P.P.; Parochial House, Tullamore.

Walshe, Charlotte; Waterford.

Ward, Emily G.; Castleward, Downpatrick.

White, Eva; Limerick.

White, Rev. H. V.; All SS. Rectory, Waterford.

White, John Davis; Cashel, Co. Tipperary. (Newspaper Editor.)

Weir, Rev. George; Creeslough, Donegal.

Weir, J.; Ballymena.

Wood-Martin, Col., A.D.C.; Cleveragh, Sligo.

*Woollett, Mr. Marlow; Dublin.



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Contents.—Chap. I. Sources of Anglo-Irish Dialect—II. Affirming, Assenting, and Saluting—III. Asserting by Negative of Opposite, IV. Idioms derived from the Irish Language—V. The Devil and his 'Territory'—VI. Swearing—VII. Grammar and Pronunciation—VIII. Proverbs—IX. Exaggeration and Redundancy—X. Comparisons—XI. The Memory of History and of Old Customs—XII. A Variety of Phrases—XIII. Vocabulary and Index.—Alphabetical List of Persons who sent Collections of Dialectical Words and Phrases.



Notes

[1] For both of these songs see my 'Old Irish Folk Music and Songs.'

[2] See my 'Old Irish Folk Music and Songs,' p. 202.

[3] See the interesting remarks of O'Donovan in Preface to 'Battle of Magh Rath,' pp. ix-xv. Sir Samuel Ferguson also has some valuable observations on the close packing of the very old Irish language, but I cannot lay my hands on them. From him I quote (from memory) the remark about translating old Irish into English or Latin.

[4] For the Penal Laws, see my 'Child's Hist. of Ireland,' chaps. lv, lvi.

[5] For 'Poor Scholars,' see O'Curry, 'Man. & Cust.,' i. 79, 80: Dr. Healy, 'Ireland's Anc. Sch.,' 475: and, for a modern instance, Carleton's story, 'The Poor Scholar.' The above passage is quoted from my 'Social Hist. of Anc. Ireland.'

[6] See my 'Smaller Social Hist. of Anc. Ireland,' chap, vii.

[7] See for an example Dr. Hyde's 'Children of the King of Norway,' 153. (Irish Texts Soc.)

[8] From my 'Old Irish Folk Music and Songs,' p. 56, in which also will be found the beautiful air of this.