GENERAL INDEX
- a, as in fare, represented by ai, by ay, by e, by ei, 114.
- “a, broad,” 109, 136;
- represented by au, by aw, by o, by oa, 114;
- by ou, 114, 156.
- “a, long,” an e sound, 103, 114;
- represented by ai, by ay, by ea, by ei, by ey, by e, by ao, by au, 115.
- a, long, represented by ua, by ea, by e, by au, 113.
- a, short, represented by ua, by ai, 114.
- a, sounds of, 100-103, 104, 106;
- weakened to e, 267;
- represents short e, 119, 120;
- represents short o, 126.
- Academies, influence of, 59.
- Addison, Joseph, 30, 31, 137.
- ae, digraph, disappearance of, 122, 123;
- represents “long e,” 122.
- ai, digraph, represents a of fare, 136;
- “long a,” 115, 136;
- “long i,” 77, 126, 137;
- short e, 119, 136.
- Allen, Grant, 117.
- Alphabet, for what invented, 73;
- English, 76;
- insufficiency of Roman, 97, 99, 107.
- American spelling, so-called, 18, 25-29, 32.
- Analogical spelling, 251, 254, 332-334.
- Anglo-French words, 234, 288.
- Anglo-Saxon, 27, 150, 175, 267, 291, 300.
- ao, digraph, represents “long a,” 115.
- Arber, Edward, 151, 268.
- Armstrong, John, 216, 217, 220.
- Arnold, Matthew, 59-70.
- Ascham, Roger, 127, 151, 268.
- Association, sentiment of, 10-16, 20, 35, 36.
- Ash, John, 228.
- au, digraph, represents “broad a,” 114;
- “long a,” 115;
- long a, 113.
- aw, digraph, 109, 136;
- represents “broad a,” 114.
- ay, digraph, represents a of fare, 114;
- “long a,” 115, 140;
- “long e,” 122,
- 141;
- “long i,” 77;
- short e, 119.
- b, unpronounced, 165-167, 172-175.
- Bacon, Sir Francis, 27.
- Bailey, Nathan, 64, 205.
- Black-letter, 212.
- Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, viscount, 217.
- Boston, 89, 302.
- Boswell, James, 218-221, 292.
- Bullokar, John, 64.
- Byron, George Gordon Noel, Lord, 131, 191.
- c, letter, 79, 80, 97, 305;
- before e, 26-28;
- unpronounced, 172, 175, 289.
- Cambridge University, 19.
- Cedo, derivatives of Latin, 8, 253.
- Celtic origin, words of, 156.
- ch, digraph, 185;
- sounded as k, kw, and sh, 186.
- Chaucer, Geoffrey, 63, 80, 197, 274.
- Child, Francis James, 8, 9, 91.
- Clarke, Mary Cowden, 29.
- Cocker, Edward, 64.
- Coles, Elisha, 64, 205.
- Congreve, William, 225.
- Consonants, sounds of, 160 ff.
- Copyists of manuscripts, 273-275.
- d, crossed letter, 97.
- d, letter and sound, 184, 188.
- Derivation, influence of, on
- spelling, 11, 190, 200, 209, 210, 212, 243, 247-251, 283-307.
- Dickens, Charles, 271, 316.
- Dictionaries, English, 277.
- See under Ash, Bailey, Bullokar, Cocker, Coles, Dyche and Pardon, Fenning, Johnson, Johnston, Kenrick, Kersey, Knowles, Martin, Minsheu, Nares, Perry, Phillips, Sheridan, Smart, Todd, Walker, Webster, Worcester.
- Dictionary, New Historical English, 115, 139, 142, 144, 195.
- Digraphs, 108, 134-160.
- Diphthongs, 108, 133.
- Dryden, John, 318.
- Dyche and Pardon’s Dictionary, 64, 65, 205, 228.
- e, letter and sound, 103, 106, 265;
- final, unpronounced, 265-271;
- medial unpronounced, 246, 257;
- represents “short u,” 132.
- “e, long,” 105, 121, 136;
- represented by œ, 122, 123;
- by ay, 142;
- by ea, 142, 143;
- by ee, by ei, by eo, 148;
- by ey, 142;
- by ie, 149; by œ, 152.
- e, short, represents long a, and “short u,” 113;
- short i, 123, 260, 262;
- is represented by ai, by ay, by ei, 119;
- by a, 119, 120;
- by ea, 119, 143;
- by eo, 119, 148;
- by ie, 150.
- ea, digraph, represents a of fare, 114;
- of father, 113, 144;
- “long a,” 115, 146;
- “long e,” 122, 143, 333;
- short e, 119, 143, 333;
- “short u,” 132, 143, 334.
- eau, represents long o, 127.
- ed, termination, sounded as t, 37.
- ee, digraph, 109, 136, 145;
- represents “long e,” 122, 136, 263;
- short i, 124, 136.
- ei, digraph, represents a of fare, 114, 145;
- “long a,” 104, 115, 145;
- “long e,” 122, 145-148;
- “long i,” 77, 126, 145-148;
- short e, 119, 145.
- Ellis, Alexander John, 274, 304.
- eo, digraph, represents “long e,” 122, 148;
- long o, 127, 148;
- short e, 119, 148.
- er or re, ending, 8, 26-35.
- eu, digraph, represents long u, 129;
- u with y element, 130, 148.
- ew, digraph, represents long o, 127;
- long u, 129;
- u with y element 130, 148.
- ey, digraph, represents “long a,” 104, 115, 142, 145;
- “long e,” 122, 142, 145;
- long i, 77, 126.
- f, letter and sound, 162;
- displacing ph, 287, 288.
- Farquhar, George, 225.
- French Academy, 48, 51.
- French methods contrasted with English, 42-48.
- French derivation, words of, 163, 169, 181, 196, 197, 233, 289, 290.
- French orthography, 47, 71.
- French, Old, 118, 176, 177, 179, 201.
- g, letter followed by e, 157;
- unpronounced, 172, 176, 285.
- Garrick, David, 147.
- German, orthography, 13, 49, 50, 166, 304, 306, 322.
- gh, digraph, 170, 172, 181.
- Gladstone, William Ewart, 53.
- Glossographia Anglicana Nova, 64.
- gn, words beginning with, 163, 164.
- Grammar of writers once altered, 21.
- Greek origin, words of, 165, 175, 176, 177, 287, 288, 294, 299.
- Grimm, Jakob, 90.
- h, letter and sound unpronounced, 163, 165, 170, 172, 177-179, 198, 199, 290;
- initial, dropped, 198, 303, 307.
- Hare, Julius Charles, 224-226.
- Heine, Heinrich, 189.
- Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 130, 149.
- Hume, David, 214-218.
- i, letter and sound, 97, 104, 105, 106;
- represents “short u,” 132.
- “i, long,” a diphthong, 105, 133, 159;
- sound of represented by ai, by ay, by ey, by i, by uy, by y, by ye, 77;
- by ei, 77, 126;
- by ie, 77, 149;
- by oi, 77, 134;
- by ui, 158.
- i, short, represented by e, 123, 124, 260;
- by ee, 124, 136, 262-264;
- by ie, 124;
- by o, 124;
- by u, 124;
- by ui, 124;
- by y, 123.
- ie, digraph, represents “long e,” 122, 149;
- “long i,” 77, 126, 149;
- short i, 124;
- “short u,” 132.
- ieu, represents ef, 262;
- long u, 129.
- ile, ending, 269, 270.
- ine, ending, 269, 271.
- Italian language and orthography, 49, 201, 287, 322.
- ite, ending, 269.
- ive, ending, 269, 271.
- j, sounded as y, 183.
- Johnson, Samuel, 64, 65, 102, 123, 127, 137, 145, 205, 207-214, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 227, 228, 244, 254, 257, 278, 326.
- Johnston, William, 155.
- Jonson, Ben, 127, 255.
- Journal des Débats, 61.
- k, letter and sound, 26-28,
- 97, 163, 170, 171, 172, 260, 290, 291-293, 303-306.
- Kenrick, William, 155.
- Kersey, John, 205.
- Knowles, James Sheridan, 66.
- l, letter and sound, 172, 179, 257, 258, 262, 335.
- Lamb, Charles, 266.
- Landor, Walter Savage, 225-227.
- Latham, Robert Gordon, 68.
- L’Estrange, Roger, 115.
- logue, words ending in, 158.
- m, letter, 162.
- Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Lord, 267, 316.
- Manley, Mrs., 87.
- Martin, Benjamin, 65, 205.
- Metric system, 55.
- Middleton, Conyers, 217.
- Millar, Andrew, 217.
- Milton, John, 144, 225, 299, 312.
- Minsheu, John, 64.
- Mitford, William, 289.
- Moore, Thomas, 191.
- Morris, William, 191.
- Müller, Max, 91.
- n, letter and sound, 165, 264.
- Nares, Robert, 146, 155.
- ng, digraph, 185, 186.
- Normandy, dialect of, 115.
- Northern English dialect, 144.
- Notes and Queries, 236.
- o, letter and sound, 105, 106, 126, 127, 267;
- represents “broad a,” 114;
- long u, 128;
- short i, 124;
- short u, 128;
- “short u,” 132.
- o, long, represented by eau, 127, 153;
- by eo, 127, 153;
- by ew, 127;
- by oa, 126;
- by oe, 126;
- by oo, 127, 153;
- by ou, 127, 156;
- by ow, 127, 156.
- oa, digraph, represents “broad a,” 114, 151;
- long o, 126, 151.
- oc, ock, ending, 171.
- oe, digraph, in classical words, 152;
- represents long o, 126, 152;
- long u, 128, 152;
- “short u,” 133, 152.
- oi, diphthong, 133;
- represents “long i,” 77.
- oo, digraph, represents long o, 127, 153;
- long u, 128, 152;
- short u, 128, 152;
- “short u,” 132, 152.
- or, our, ending, history of, 193-237.
- Orthography, English, creation of printing-houses, 23, 24, 35, 272-278.
- os, oes, ending, 334.
- ou, diphthong, 133, 153, 154;
- digraph, represents “broad a,” 114, 156;
- long o, 127, 156;
- long u, 128, 153;
- short u, 128, 156;
- “short u,” 132;
- various sounds of, 77, 156.
- ow, diphthong, 156;
- digraph, represents long o, 127, 156, 169.
- oy, diphthong, 133.
- p, letter and sound, 163;
- pronounced as b, 183;
- unpronounced, 179-181.
- Paris, dialect of, 115.
- Perry, William, 155.
- ph, digraph, 165.
- Phillips, Edward, 64, 205.
- Phonetic orthography, 71-75, 145, 239, 241, 243, 299, 321-330.
- Phonetic sense, lost to English, 308.
- Pope, Alexander, 154, 155, 217, 266.
- Practical men, easy omniscience of, 91.
- Printing, effect of, on spelling, 272-278.
- Printing-house, English orthography the creation of, 23, 272-278.
- Professors, guilelessness of, 91.
- Pronouncing dictionaries, 145, 325-328.
- Pronunciation, spelling designed to represent, 11, 73-76;
- made to accord with the spelling, 259-265.
- Proper names, orthography of, 296, 301-303.
- Public, hostility of, toward reforming spelling, 6, 17.
- Publishing houses, orthography adopted by, 5, 20-23.
- r, letter and sound, 79, 80.
- Ramsay, Allan, 217.
- Reasoning powers, impairment of, 335-337.
- Richardson, Samuel, 86.
- Ritson, Joseph, 245-248.
- Roosevelt, President, his order about spelling, 1, 59, 308.
- Runic letters, 97.
- s, of pleasure, represented by s, by si, by z, by zi, 187.
- s, unpronounced, 172, 181, 290.
- Sanskrit, 100.
- Scott, Sir Walter, 247.
- sh (of ship), digraph, represented by ce, by ci, by s, by si, by t, by ti, by xi, 187.
- Shakespeare, William, 22, 24-30, 32-35, 116, 194, 195, 201-203.
- Sheridan, Thomas, 65, 207, 221, 263, 326.
- Signs, insufficiency of, in English, 96, 97, 99.
- Smart, Benjamin Humphrey, 66, 147, 230, 263.
- Sounds, 75, 76;
- number of, 96, 107;
- ignorance of, 78, 241.
- Southey, Robert, 131.
- Spanish spelling, 49, 322.
- Spelling, difference between present and past, 20-23, 24, 25;
- ignorance of nature and history of, 56 ff.
- Spelling reform, attitude of men of letters toward, 58;
- attitude of women
- toward, 82-86;
- not limited to English race, 48.
- Spenser, Edmund, 14, 155, 184, 185, 225.
- Sterne, Lawrence, 52.
- Strahan, William, 217.
- Swift, Jonathan, 31.
- t, represented by ed, 184, 185;
- unpronounced, 165, 169, 172, 181.
- Taylor, William, 131.
- Tennyson, Alfred, 142, 155.
- th, digraph, surd and sonant sounds of, 96-99;
- represents t, 185.
- Thackeray, William Makepeace, 316.
- “Thorn” letter, 97, 98.
- Times, London, 18, 60, 61, 62, 67, 68, 69.
- Todd, Henry John, 68.
- Tonson, Jacob, 30.
- Tooke, John Horne, 227.
- Trench, Richard Chenevix, 285, 294, 299, 308, 327.
- u, letter and sound, 97, 128, 129, 267, 293;
- represents short i, 124;
- sounded as w, 157;
- with y element, represented by u, by ue, by eu, by ew, 130.
- u, long, represented by o, by oe, by ou, 128;
- by oo, 128, 152;
- by ue, by ui, by eu, by ew, by ieu, 129.
- u, short, represented by o, by ou, 128;
- by oo, 128, 153.
- “u, short,” 105, 106, 111, 113, 131;
- short sound of, represented by u, by oe, 132;
- by o, 132, 153;
- by oo, 132, 153;
- long sound of represented by e, by i, by o, by ie, 132;
- by ea, 132, 144;
- by ou, 132, 153.
- ua, digraph, represents long a, 113;
- short a, 114;
- as wa, 157.
- ue, digraph, represents long u, 129, 158;
- as we, 157;
- final, unpronounced, 158.
- ui, digraph, represents long u, 129, 159;
- short i, 124;
- “long i,” 159.
- Unaccented syllables, indistinctness of sound of, 110.
- Uniformity of spelling, desire of, 277-278.
- uy, digraph, represents long i, 77, 126, 157;
- short i, 126.
- v, letter and sound, 97, 162, 172.
- Vanbrugh, Sir John, 225.
- Vowel-sounds, progressive movement of, 99-113.
- w, letter and sound, 156, 157, 178;
- unpronounced, 165, 172;
- followed by h, 163, 164;
- followed by r, 163, 164
- Walker, John, 65, 66, 101, 102, 139, 141, 147, 154, 155, 169, 178, 207, 221, 222, 223, 230, 260, 263, 292.
- Webster, Noah, 228, 248-255.
- Wesley, John, 224.
- Whitney, William Dwight, 91, 100.
- Women, attitude of, towards spelling, 82-86;
- former indifference of, to spelling, 86.
- Worcester, Joseph Emerson, 89, 229, 252.
- z, unpronounced, 172.