To look into her eyes was to —— doubt.
Two presidents of the United States have been ——.
Hamilton was —— in a duel by Aaron Burr.
The place was carried by storm, and the inhabitants —— without distinction of age or sex.
KIN (page 227).
QUESTIONS.
1. How does kind compare with kin? 2. What do kin and kindred denote? 3. What is affinity? How does it differ from consanguinity?
EXAMPLES.
A little more than ——, and less than ——.
He held his seat,—a friend to the human ——.
Leaving of home and ——.
KNOWLEDGE (page 227).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is knowledge? How does it differ from information? 2. What is perception? apprehension? cognizance? 3. What is intuition? 4. What is experience, and how does it differ from intuition? 5. What is learning? erudition?
EXAMPLES.
—— comes, but wisdom lingers.
The child is continually seeking ——; hence his endless questions.
And coming events cast their shadows before.
——s lie at the very foundation of all reasoning.
LANGUAGE (page 228).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the derivation of language? What was its original signification? How wide is its present meaning? 2. As regards the use of words, what does language denote in the general and in the restricted sense? 3. What does speech always involve? 4. Can we speak of the speech of animals? of their language? 5. What is a dialect? a barbarism? an idiom? 6. What is a patois? How does it differ from a dialect? 7. What is a vernacular?[459]
EXAMPLES.
That Shakespeare spake: the faith and morals hold
Which Milton held.
—— is great; but silence is greater.
An infant crying for the light,
And with no —— but a cry.
Ere Thought could wed itself with ——.
Which learned pedants much affect.
I'm not such a truant since my coming
As not to know the —— I have lived in.
LARGE (page 229).
QUESTIONS.
1. To how many dimensions does large apply? How does it differ from long? 2. How does large compare with great? with big?
EXAMPLES.
By which those —— in war, are —— in love.
Everything is twice as —— measured on a three-year-old's three-foot scale as on a thirty-year-old's six-foot scale.
Turning again toward childish treble,
Pipes and whistles in its sound.
LAW (page 229).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the definition of law in its ideal? What does it signify in common use? 2. What are the characteristics of command and commandment? of an edict? 3. What is a mandate? a statute? an enactment? 4. In what special connection is formula commonly used? ordinance? order? 5. What is the meaning of law in such an expression as "the laws of nature?" What in more strictly scientific use? 6. What is a code? jurisprudence? legislation? What is an economy? Is law ever a synonym for these words, and in what way?
EXAMPLES.
Some are, and must be, greater than the rest.
Nothing in love.
Absolute ——.
We have strict ——, and most biting ——.
Napoleon gave France the best —— of —— she has ever possessed.[460]
—— is physical, established sequence; intellectual, a condition of intellectual action in order that truth may be reached; and moral, an imperative which determines the right guidance of our higher life.
LIBERTY (page 230).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is freedom? 2. What is liberty in the primary sense? in the widest sense? 3. How do freedom and liberty compare? 4. How is independence used in distinction from freedom and liberty? 5. Is freedom or liberty more freely used in a figurative sense? 6. What is license? How does it compare with liberty and freedom?
EXAMPLES.
In Rousseau's philosophy —— is conceived of as lawlessness.
Unfurled her standard to the air,
She tore the azure robe of night,
And set the stars of glory there.
The —— to go higher than we are is given only when we have fulfilled amply the duty of our present sphere.
For who loves that must first be wise and good.
LIGHT (page 231).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is light? 2. What are the characteristics of a flame? a blaze? 3. What is a flare? a flash? 4. What is the sense of glare and glow? How do they differ, and to what are they applied? 5. To what do shine and sheen refer? 6. What do glimmer, glitter, and shimmer denote? 7. What is gleam? a glitter? a sparkle? glistening? 8. What is scintillation? in what two senses used? 9. To what are twinkle and twinkling applied? 10. What is illumination? incandescence?
EXAMPLES.
From a little spark may burst a mighty ——.
A —— as of another life, my kindling soul received.
It is ——, that enables us to see the differences between things; and it is Christ that gives us ——.
Pink with faintest rosy ——,
They blossom on their sprays.
Between a man of peace and war.
LISTEN (page 232).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does hear signify? What does listen add to the meaning of hear? 2. What does attend add to the meaning of listen? 3. What does heed further imply? 4. What is the difference between listen for and listen to?
EXAMPLES.
He, too, is no mean preacher;
If a step draweth near.
Has grown familiar with your song;
I —— it in the opening year,
I ——, and it cheers me long.
That —— may, unto a tale
That's merrier than the nightingale.
The men lay silent in the tall grass —— for the signal gun that should bid them rise and charge.
LITERATURE (page 233).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is literature in the most general sense? in more limited sense? 2. What does literature, used absolutely, denote? 3. How may literature include science? How is it ordinarily contrasted with science?
EXAMPLES.
Wherever —— consoles sorrow or assuages pain; wherever it brings gladness to eyes which fail with wakefulness and tears—there is exhibited in its noblest form the immortal influence of Athens.
—— are lifelong friends.
—— are embalmed minds.
In our own language we have a —— nowhere surpassed, in whose lock no foreign key will ever rust.
LOAD (page 233).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is burden derived, and with what primary meaning? load? 2. What does weight signify? How does it compare with load and burden? 3. What are cargo, freight, and lading? 4. What is the distinctive sense of pack?
EXAMPLES.
Bear ye one another's ——.
Of learning lightly like a flower.
The ass will carry his ——, but not a double ——.
LOOK (page 234).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the distinction between look and see? between these words and behold? 2. What is it to gaze? to glance? to stare? 3. What do scan, inspect, and survey respectively express, and how are they distinguished from one another? 4. What element or elements does watch add to the meaning of look?
EXAMPLES.
It is always well to —— at people when addressing them.
Having eyes they —— not, and having ears hear not.
Still gentler sister woman;
Tho' they may gang a kennin wrang,
To step aside is human.
My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that —— for the morning.
Comes up to —— upon the reaper's toil!
My right there is none to dispute;
From the center all round to the sea,
I am lord of the fowl and the brute.
Walks o'er the dew of yon high eastern hill.
LOVE (page 235).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is affection? 2. What may be given as a brief definition of love? 3. Does affection apply to persons or things? To what does love apply? 4. What term is preferable to love as applying to articles of food and the like? 5. How does love differ from affection? from friendship?
EXAMPLES.
Peace, commerce, and honest —— with all nations help to form the bright constellation which has gone before us.
And you must love him ere to you he will seem worthy of your ——.
And —— in which my hound has part
Can hang no weight upon my heart,
In its assumptions up to heaven.
As temper life's worst bitterness.
MAKE (page 236).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the essential idea of make? 2. How is make allied with create? 3. How is make allied with compose or constitute? 4. What are some chief antonyms for make? 5. What are the prepositions chiefly used with make, and how employed?[463]
EXAMPLES.
In the beginning God —— the heaven and the earth.
The mason ——, the architect ——.
I assert confidently that it is in the power of one American mother to —— as many gentlemen as she has sons.
Newton discovered, but did not —— the law of gravitation.
The river flows over a bed of pebbles like those that —— the beach and the surrounding plains.
My whole acquaintance ——.
If we were not willing, they possessed the power of —— us to do them justice.
The lessons of adversity sometimes soften and ——, but as often they indurate and pervert.
MARRIAGE (page 236).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does matrimony specifically denote? 2. What two senses has marriage? 3. From what language is wedlock derived? what is its distinctive use? 4. What is the meaning of wedding? nuptials?
EXAMPLES.
Let me not to the —— of true minds admit impediments.
The lover was killed in a duel on the night before the intended ——.
To him forthwith in holy —— bonds.
MASCULINE (page 237).
QUESTIONS.
1. To what is male applied? To what masculine? 2. To what does manly refer? manful? In what connection can manly be used where manful could not be substituted? 3. What is the sense of mannish? virile?
EXAMPLES.
Every virtue in the higher phases of —— character begins in truth and pity or truth and reverence to all womanhood.
And he gained the solid land
And the cover of the mountains
And the carbines of his band.
So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; —— and female created he them.
MASSACRE (page 237).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is massacre? butchery? havoc? 2. To what does carnage especially refer? slaughter? 3. Which of these words can be used of the destruction of life in open and honorable warfare?[464]
EXAMPLES.
He makes a solitude and calls it peace!
And shut the gates of mercy on mankind.
The capture of Port Arthur was followed by a terrible ——.
MEDDLESOME (page 238).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the conduct specially characteristic of a meddlesome person? of an intrusive person? of one who is obtrusive? officious? 2. To what is obtrusive chiefly applied? intrusive? officious? meddlesome?
EXAMPLES.
There wisdom will not enter nor true power,
Nor aught that dignifies humanity.
A —— monkey had been among the papers.
MELODY (page 238).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is harmony? melody? In what special feature does the one differ from the other? 2. How many parts are required for harmony? how many for melody? 3. What is unison? 4. What does music include?
EXAMPLES.
Are those that are by distance made more sweet.
Vibrates in the memory.
And with your ninefold ——
Make up full consort to the angelic ——.
MEMORY (page 239).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is memory in the special and in the general sense? 2. What is remembrance, and how distinguished from memory? 3. Is remembrance voluntary or involuntary? 4. What is recollection, and what does it involve? 5. What is reminiscence? retrospection? How do these two words differ?
EXAMPLES.
—— like a purse, if it be over-full that it can not shut, all will drop out of it; take heed of a gluttonous curiosity to feed on many things, lest the greediness of the appetite of thy —— spoil the digestion thereof.
Swells at my breast, and turns the past to pain.
It is a favorite device of eminent men to devote their old age to writing their ——s, thus quietly living over again a busy or tumultuous life.
MERCY (page 239).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is mercy in the strictest sense? 2. To what class is grace shown? 3. To what class are mercy, forgiveness, and pardon extended? 4. In what wider significations is mercy used? 5. What is clemency? leniency or lenity? How do these words compare with mercy?
EXAMPLES.
If He, which is the top of judgment, should
But judge you as you are? O, think on that;
And —— then will breathe within your lips,
Like man new made.
The only protection which the conquered could find was in the moderation, the ——, and the enlarged policy of the conquerors.
To favor sin is to discourage virtue; undue —— to the bad is unkindness to the good.
METER (page 240).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is euphony? How does it differ from meter, measure, and rhythm? 2. How are rhythm and meter produced? 3. How does meter differ from rhythm? 4. What is a verse in the strict sense? In what wider sense is the word often used?
EXAMPLES.
—— is a very vague and unscientific term. Each nation considers its own language, each tribe its own dialect, euphonic.
—— may be defined to be a succession of poetical feet arranged in regular order according to certain types recognized as standards, in verses of a determinate length.
We have three principal domains in which —— manifests its nature and power—dancing, music, poetry.
MIND (page 241).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is mind? How does it differ from intellect? 2. What does consciousness include? Is it attended with distinct thinking and willing? 3. What is the soul? 4. From what is spirit used in special contradistinction? How does it differ from soul? 5. What is Paley's definition of instinct? 6. In what contrasted meanings is the word sense employed? 7. What is thought?
EXAMPLES.
A great —— will be strong to live, as well as to think.
God is a ——: and they that worship him must worship him in —— and in truth.
MINUTE (page 242).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the meaning of minute? 2. When is a thing said to be comminuted? 3. How does fine differ from comminuted? 4. What terms are applied to an account extended to minute particulars? to an examination similarly extended?[466]
EXAMPLES.
Wherein to read, wherein to write.
Life hangs on, held by a —— thread.
An organism so —— as to be visible only under the microscope, yet possessed of life, motion, and seeming intelligence is a source of ceaseless wonder.
MISFORTUNE (page 242).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is misfortune? Is the sufferer considered blameworthy for it? 2. What is calamity? disaster? 3. In what special sense are the words affliction, chastening, trial, and tribulation used? How are these four words discriminated the one from another?
EXAMPLES.
But he that boldly bears ——.
I never knew a man in life who could not bear another's —— perfectly like a Christian.
MODEL (page 243).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a model? a pattern? How are they distinguished from one another? 2. Which admits of freedom or idealization?
EXAMPLES.
Are to be fear'd.
Be a —— to others, and then all will go well.
Washington and his compeers had no —— of a federal republic with constitutional bonds and limitations.
Moses was admonished, See that thou make all things according to the —— shewed to thee in the mount.
MODESTY (page 244).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is modesty in the general sense? In what specific sense is the word also used? 2. What is bashfulness? diffidence? coyness? reserve?
EXAMPLES.
For silence and chaste —— is woman's genuine praise, and to remain quiet within the house.
If a young lady has that discretion and ——, without which all knowledge is little worth, she will never make an ostentatious parade of it.
His shrinking —— was often mistaken for a proud ——.
MONEY (page 244).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is money? specie? cash? 2. How does property differ from money? 3. What is bullion? capital?[467]
EXAMPLES.
Nor care I who doth feed upon my cost.
For the love of —— is the root of all evil.
He converted all his —— into ready ——.
One who undertakes to do business without —— is likely to be speedily straitened for ——.
—— in reversion may be of far less value than —— in hand.
MOROSE (page 245).
QUESTIONS.
1. By what characteristics are the morose distinguished? the sullen and sulky? 2. How does sullen differ from sulky? 3. What is the meaning of surly? 4. Which of these words denote transient moods and which denote enduring states or disposition?
EXAMPLES.
And little recks to find the way to heaven
By doing deeds of hospitality.
A poet who fails in writing, becomes often a —— critic.
He answered with a —— growl.
Achilles remained in his tent in —— inaction.
MOTION (page 246).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is motion? 2. How does motion differ from movement? Give examples. 3. In what sense is move employed? 4. What is the special sense of motion in a deliberative assembly? 5. Is action or motion the more comprehensive word? Which is commonly used in reference to the mind?
EXAMPLES.
That —— is best which procures the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers.
This life of mortal breath
Is but a suburb of the life elysian,
Whose portal we call Death.
The Copernican theory first clearly explained the —— of the planets.
MUTUAL (page 246).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the meaning of common? mutual? reciprocal? 2. Is it correct to speak of a mutual friend?
EXAMPLES.
—— friendships will admit of division, one may love the beauty of this, the good humor of that person.[468]
In all true family life there is a —— dependence which binds hearts together.
—— action is the rule in the human body, where every part is alternately means and end, and every action both cause and effect.
NAME (page 247).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a name in the most general sense? 2. In the more limited sense, how does a name differ from an appellation? a title? Give instances of the use of these three words. 3. From what language is epithet derived? What is its primary meaning? 4. What does epithet signify in literary use? 5. What part of speech is an epithet? Is it favorable or unfavorable in signification? 6. What is a cognomen? How does it differ from a surname? 7. What is style considered as a synonym of name?
EXAMPLES.
Nothing in love: now does he feel the ——
Hang loose about him, like a giant's robe
Upon a dwarfish thief.
O magnify the Lord with me, and let us exalt his —— together.
NATIVE (page 248).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does native denote? natal? natural? 2. What examples are given in the text of the correct use of these words?
EXAMPLES.
I would advise no child's being taught music who has not a —— aptitude for it.
It was the 4th of July, the —— day of American freedom.
NAUTICAL (page 248).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what is marine derived? maritime? What do these two words respectively signify? 2. From what is naval derived? nautical? How do these words differ in meaning? 3. How does ocean, used adjectively, differ from oceanic?
EXAMPLES.
Leviathan, which God of all his works
Created hugest that swim the —— stream.
NEAT (page 249).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does clean signify? 2. Does orderly apply to persons or things, and in what sense? 3. What does tidy denote? 4. What is the meaning of neat? 5. How does nice compare with neat? 6. What is the significance of spruce? trim? dapper?[469]
EXAMPLES.
If he (Jefferson) condescended to turn —— sentences for delicate ears—still, he was essentially an earnest man.
As you were going to a feast,
Still to be powder'd, still perfum'd.
NECESSARY (page 250).
QUESTIONS.
1. When is a thing properly said to be necessary? 2. What is the meaning of essential? How does it differ from indispensable? 3. With reference to what is a thing said to be requisite? How does requisite compare with essential and indispensable? 4. How do inevitable and unavoidable compare? To what kind of things are both these words applied? 5. How do needed and needful compare with necessary?
EXAMPLES.
As you grow ready for it, somewhere or other you will find what is —— for you in a book.
The ideas of space and time are called in philosophy —— ideas.
NECESSITY (page 250).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is necessity? 2. What do need and want imply? How does need compare with want? 3. How does necessity compare with need? 4. What is an essential?
EXAMPLES.
Courage is, on all hands, considered as an —— of high character.
Before my time; no man of woman born,
Coward or brave, can shun his ——.
NEGLECT, n. (page 251).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is neglect? negligence? How do the two words compare? 2. What senses has negligence that neglect has not? 3. Which of the two words may be used in a passive sense? 4. What is the legal phrase for a punishable omission of duty?