A man that is an ——, after the first and second admonition, reject.
Churchmen and —— alike resisted the tyranny of James II.
HETEROGENEOUS (page 196).
QUESTIONS.
1. When are substances heterogeneous as regards each other? 2. When is a mixture, as cement, said to be heterogeneous? when homogeneous? 3. What is the special significance of non-homogeneous? 4. How does miscellaneous differ from heterogeneous?
EXAMPLES.
My second son received a sort of —— education at home.
Their —— politics
Without an effervescence.
HIDE (page 197).
QUESTIONS.
1. Which is the most general term of this group, and what does it signify? 2. Is an object hidden by intention, or in what other way or ways, if any? 3. Does conceal evince intention? 4. How does secrete compare with conceal? How is it chiefly used? 5. What is it to cover? to screen?
EXAMPLES.
Men use thought only as authority for their injustice, and employ speech only to —— their thoughts.
Ye little stars! —— your diminished rays.
HIGH (page 198).
QUESTIONS.
1. What kind of a term is high? What does it signify? Give instances of the relative[447] use of the word. 2. How does high compare with deep? To what objects may these words be severally applied? 3. What is the special significance of tall? 4. What element does lofty add to the meaning of high or tall? 5. How do elevated and eminent compare in the literal sense? in the figurative? 6. How do the words above mentioned compare with exalted? 7. What contrasted uses has high in the figurative sense? 8. What is towering in the literal, and in the figurative sense?
EXAMPLES.
A pillar'd shade, —— overarched, and echoing walks between.
A daughter of the gods, divinely —— and most divinely fair.
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?
Himself to sing, and build the —— rime.
HINDER (page 199).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to hinder? 2. How does hinder differ from delay? 3. How does hinder compare with prevent? 4. What is the meaning of retard? 5. What is it to obstruct? to resist? How do these two words compare with each other?
EXAMPLES.
—— the Devil, and he will flee from you.
—— my needle and thread.
It is the study of mankind to —— that advance of age or death which can not be ——.
HISTORY (page 200).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is history? How does it relate events? To what class of events does it apply? 2. How does history differ from annals or chronicles?
EXAMPLES.
Happy the people whose —— are dulled.
—— is little else than a picture of human crimes and misfortunes.
—— is philosophy teaching by example.
HOLY (page 200).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the meaning of sacred? 2. How does it compare with holy? 3. Which term do we apply directly to God? 4. In what sense is divine loosely used? What is its more appropriate sense?
EXAMPLES.
The —— time is quiet as a nun breathless with adoration.
A —— burden is this life ye bear.
All sects and churches of Christendom hold to some form of the doctrine of the —— inspiration of the Christian Scriptures.
HOME (page 201).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the general sense of abode, dwelling, and habitation? What difference is there in the use of these words? 2. From what language is home derived? What is its distinctive meaning?
EXAMPLES.
Hath he that buildeth on the vulgar heart.
The attempt to abolish the ideal woman and keep the ideal —— is a predestinated failure.
A house without love may be a castle or a palace, but it is not a ——.
Love is the life of a true ——.
HONEST (page 202).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the meaning of honest in ordinary use? 2. What is the meaning of honorable? 3. How will the merely honest and the truly honorable man differ in action? 4. What is honest in the highest and fullest sense? How, in this sense, does it differ from honorable?
EXAMPLES.
An —— man's the noblest work of God.
No form of pure, undisguised murder will be any longer allowed to confound itself with the necessities of —— warfare.
HORIZONTAL (page 202).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does horizontal signify? How does it compare with level? 2. From what language is flat derived? 3. What is its original meaning? its most common present sense? In what derived sense is it often used? 4. What are the senses of plain and plane?
EXAMPLES.
Sun and moon were in the —— sea sunk.
Ample spaces o'er the smooth and —— pavement.
The prominent lines in Greek architecture were ——, and not vertical.
HUNT (page 203).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a hunt? 2. For what is a chase or pursuit conducted? a search? 3. What does hunt ordinarily include? 4. Is it correct to use hunt when search only is contemplated? 5. How are these words used in the figurative senses?[449]
EXAMPLES.
Among the inalienable rights of man are life, liberty, and the —— of happiness.
All things have an end, and so did our —— for lodgings.
The —— formed the principal amusement of our Norman kings, who for that purpose retained in their possession forests in every part of the kingdom.
The stag at bay's a dangerous foe.
HYPOCRISY (page 204).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is pretense derived, and what does it signify? 2. What is hypocrisy? 3. What is cant? sanctimoniousness? 4. What is pietism? formalism? sham? 5. How does affectation compare with hypocrisy?
EXAMPLES.
Let not the Trojans, with a feigned —— of proffered peace, delude the Latian prince.
—— is a fawning and flexible art, which accommodates itself to human feelings, and flatters the weakness of men in order that it may gain its own ends.
HYPOCRITE (page 204).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is hypocrite derived? What is its primary meaning? 2. What common term includes the other words of the group? 3. How are hypocrite and dissembler contrasted with each other? 4. What element is common to the cheat and the impostor? How do the two compare with each other?
EXAMPLES.
It is the weakest sort of politicians that are the greatest ——.
I dare swear he is no —— but prays from his heart.
In the reign of Henry VII., an ——, named Perkin Warbeck, laid claim to the English crown.
HYPOTHESIS (page 205).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a hypothesis? What is its use in scientific investigation and study? 2. What is a guess? a conjecture? a supposition? a surmise? 3. What implication does surmise ordinarily convey? What is a theory? a scheme? a speculation? How do they differ?
EXAMPLES.
——, fancies, built on nothing firm.
There are no other limits to —— than those of the human mind.
The development ——, tho widely accepted by men of science fails of proof at many important points.
IDEA (page 206).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is idea derived, and what did it originally mean? 2. What[450] did idea signify in early philosophical use? 3. What is its present popular use, and with what words is it now synonymous?
EXAMPLES.
Is what each makes it to himself.
He who comes up to his own —— of greatness must always have had a very low standard of it in his mind.
IDEAL (page 206).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is an ideal? 2. What is an archetype? a prototype? 3. Can a prototype be equivalent to an archetype? 4. Is an ideal primal, or the result of development? 5. What is an original? 6. What is the standard? How does it compare with the ideal? 7. How are idea and ideal contrasted?
EXAMPLES.
Be a —— to others and then all will go well.
The mind's the —— of the man.
Every man has at times in his mind the —— of what he should be, but is not.
IDIOCY (page 207).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is idiocy? 2. What is imbecility? How does it compare with idiocy? 3. How does insanity differ from idiocy or imbecility? 4. How do folly and foolishness compare with idiocy? 5. What is fatuity? stupidity?
EXAMPLES.
Where ignorance is bliss, 'tis —— to be wise.
To expect an effect without a cause, or attainment without application, is little less than ——.
IDLE (page 208).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is idle derived, and what is its original meaning? 2. What does idle in present use properly denote? Does it necessarily denote the absence of all action? 3. What does lazy signify? How does it differ from idle? 4. What does inert signify? sluggish? 5. In what realm does slothful belong, and what does it denote? 6. How does indolent compare with slothful?
EXAMPLES.
The —— stream was covered with a green scum.
Never —— a moment, but thrifty and thoughtful of others.
As the door turneth upon his hinges, so doth the —— turn upon his bed.
IGNORANT (page 208).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does ignorant signify? How wide is its range? 2. What is the meaning of illiterate? 3. How does unlettered compare with illiterate?
EXAMPLES.
So foolish was I and ——; I was as a beast before thee.
A boy is better unborn than ——.
IMAGINATION (page 209).
QUESTIONS.
1. Into what two parts was imagination divided in the old psychology? 2. What name is now preferably given to the so-called Reproductive Imagination by President Porter and others? 3. What is fantasy or phantasy? In what mental actions is it manifested? 4. What is fantasy in ordinary usage? 5. How is imagination defined? fancy? 6. To what faculty of the mind do both of these activities or powers belong? 7. In what other respects do imagination and fancy agree? What is the one great distinction between them? How do they respectively treat the material objects or images with which they deal? Which power finds use in philosophy, science, and mechanical invention, and how?
EXAMPLES.
Runs the great circuit, and is still at home.
The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen
Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing
A local habitation and a name.
IMMEDIATELY (page 211).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the primary meaning of immediately? Its meaning as an adverb of time? 2. What did by and by formerly signify? What is its present meaning? 3. What did directly formerly signify, and what does it now commonly mean? 4. What change has presently undergone? 5. Is immediately losing anything of its force? What words now seem more emphatic?
EXAMPLES.
But an eternal —— does always last.
Let us go up ——, and possess it; for we are well able to overcome it.
Obey me ——!
IMMERSE (page 212).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is dip derived? from what immerse? 2. How do the two words differ in dignity? How as to the completeness of the action? How as to the continuance of the object in or under the liquid? 3. Which word is preferably used as to the rite of baptism? 4. What does submerge imply? 5. What are douse and duck? 6. What special sense has dip which the other words do not share?
EXAMPLES.
Let the dead Past —— its dead.
The ships of war, Congress and Cumberland, were —— by the Merrimac.
When food can not be swallowed, life may be prolonged by —— the body in nutritive fluids.
IMMINENT (page 212).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is imminent derived and with what primary sense? impending? 2. How do imminent and impending differ in present use? 3. How does threatening differ from the two words above given?
EXAMPLES.
And evils ——.
IMPEDIMENT (page 213).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does impediment primarily signify? obstacle? obstruction? 2. How does obstacle differ from obstruction? 3. What is a hindrance? 4. Is an impediment what one finds or what he carries? Is it momentary or constant? What did the Latin impedimenta signify? 5. What is an encumbrance? How does it differ from an obstacle or obstruction? 6. Is a difficulty within one or without?
EXAMPLES.
Something between a —— and a help.
Have we march'd without ——.
Demosthenes became the foremost orator of the world in spite of an —— in his speech.
——s overcome are the stepping-stones by which great men rise.
IMPUDENCE (page 213).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does impertinence primarily denote? What is its common acceptation? 2. What is impudence? insolence? 3. What is officiousness? 4. What does rudeness suggest?
EXAMPLES.
The dear-bought curse, and lawful plague of life.
It is better not to turn friendship into a system of lawful and unpunishable ——.
A certain class of ill-natured people mistake —— for frankness.
INCONGRUOUS (page 214).
QUESTIONS.
1. When are things said to be incongruous? 2. To what is discordant applied? inharmonious? 3. What does incompatible signify? When are things said to be incompatible? 4. To what does inconsistent apply? 5. What illustrations of the uses of these words are given in the text? 6. What is the meaning of incommensurable?[453]
EXAMPLES.
No solitude is so solitary as that of —— companionship.
I hear a strain —— as a merry dirge, or sacramental bacchanal might be.
INDUCTION (page 215).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is deduction? induction? 2. What is the proof of an induction? 3. What process is ordinarily followed in what is known as scientific induction? 4. How do deduction and induction compare as to the certainty of the conclusion? 5. How does an induction compare with an inference?
EXAMPLES.
The longer one studies a vast subject the more cautious in —— he becomes.
Perhaps the widest and best known —— of Biology, is that organisms grow.
INDUSTRIOUS (page 215).
QUESTIONS.
1. How does busy differ from industrious? 2. What is the implication if we say one is industrious just now? 3. What does diligent add to the meaning of industrious?
EXAMPLES.
Here, love; thou see'st how —— I am.
The —— have no time for tears.
INDUSTRY (page 216).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is industry? 2. What does assiduity signify as indicated by its etymology? diligence? 3. How does application compare with assiduity? 4. What is constancy? patience? perseverance? 5. What is persistence? What implication does it frequently convey? 6. How does industry compare with diligence? 7. To what do labor and pains especially refer?
EXAMPLES.
Honors come by ——; riches spring from economy.
'Tis —— supports us all.
There is no success in study without close, continuous, and intense ——.
His —— in wickedness would have won him enduring honor if it had taken the form of —— in a better cause.
INFINITE (page 216).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is infinite derived, and with what meaning? To what may it be applied? 2. How do countless, innumerable, and numberless compare with infinite? 3. What is the use of boundless, illimitable, limitless, measureless,[454] and unlimited? 4. What are the dimensions of infinite space? What is the duration of infinite time?
EXAMPLES.
My bounty is as —— as the sea, my love as deep, the more I give to thee, the more I have, for both are ——.
Man's inhumanity to man makes —— thousands mourn.
INFLUENCE (page 217).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to influence? is one influenced by external or internal force? 2. To what kind of power does actuate refer? Does one person actuate or influence another? 3. What do prompt and stir imply? 4. What is it to excite? 5. What do incite and instigate signify? How do these two words differ? 6. What do urge and impel imply? How do they differ in the source of the power exerted? 7. What do drive and compel imply, and how do these two words compare with each other?
EXAMPLES.
He was —— by his own violent passions to desperate crime.
And well she can ——.
Men are and ought to be accountable,
If not to Thee, to those they ——.
INHERENT (page 218).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does inherent signify? 2. To what realm of thought does immanent belong? What does it signify? How does it differ from inherent? Which is applied to the Divine Being? 3. To what do congenital, innate, and inborn apply as distinguished from inherent and intrinsic? 4. With what special reference does congenital occur in medical and legal use? 5. What is the difference in use between innate and inborn? 6. What does inbred add to the sense of innate or inborn? 7. What is ingrained?
EXAMPLES.
An —— power in the life of the world.
All men have an —— right to life, liberty, and protection.
He evinced an —— stupidity that seemed almost tantamount to —— idiocy.
Many philosophers hold that God is —— in nature.
Any stable currency must be founded at last upon something, as gold or silver, that has —— value.
The wrongs and abuses which are —— in the very structure and constitution of society as it now exists throughout Christendom.
INJURY (page 219).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is injury derived? What is its primary meaning? Its[455] derived meaning? 2. How inclusive a word is injury? 3. From what is damage derived, and with what original sense? detriment? How do these words compare in actual use? 4. How does damage compare with loss? How can a loss be said to be partial? 5. What is evil, and with what frequent suggestion? 6. What is harm? hurt? How do these words compare with injury? 7. What is mischief? How caused, and with what intent?
EXAMPLES.
Nothing can work me ——, except myself; the —— that I sustain I carry about with me, and never am a real sufferer but by my own fault.
And won thy love, doing thee ——.
INJUSTICE (page 220).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is injustice? 2. How does wrong differ from injustice in legal use? How in popular use? 3. What is iniquity in the legal sense? in the common sense?
EXAMPLES.
War in men's eyes shall be a monster of ——.
No man can mortgage his —— as a pawn for his fidelity.
Such an act is an —— upon humanity.
INNOCENT (page 220).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does innocent in the full sense signify? 2. Is innocent positive or negative? How does it compare with righteous, upright, or virtuous? 3. In what two applications may immaculate, pure, and sinless be used? 4. With what limited sense is innocent used of moral beings? 5. In what sense is innocent applied to inanimate substances?
EXAMPLES.
They are as —— as grace itself.
And tho a late, a sure reward succeeds.
The wicked flee where no man pursueth, but the —— are bold as a lion.
... the queen receives
Much comfort in't: says, My poor prisoner,
I am —— as you.
INQUISITIVE (page 221).
QUESTIONS.
1. What are the characteristics of an inquisitive person? 2. Is inquisitive ever used in a good sense? What, in that sense, is ordinarily preferred? 3. What does curious signify, and how does it differ from inquisitive?[456]
EXAMPLES.
His was an anxiously —— mind, a scrupulously conscientious heart.
Adrian was the most —— man that ever lived, and the most universal inquirer.
I am —— to know the cause of this sudden change of purpose.
INSANITY (page 221).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is insanity in the widest sense? in its restricted use? Which use is the more frequent? 2. From what is lunacy derived? What did it originally imply? In what sense is it now used? 3. What is madness? 4. What is derangement? delirium? 5. What is the specific meaning of dementia? 6. What is aberration? 7. What is the distinctive meaning of hallucination? 8. What is monomania? 9. What are frenzy and mania?
EXAMPLES.
Go—you may call it ——, folly—you shall not chase my gloom away.
All power of fancy over reason is a degree of ——.
INTERPOSE (page 222).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to interpose? 2. How does intercede differ from interpose? 3. What is it to intermeddle? How does it differ from meddle? from interfere? 4. What do arbitrate and mediate involve?
EXAMPLES.
Dion, his brother, —— for him and his life was saved.
Nature has —— a natural barrier between England and the continent.
INVOLVE (page 223).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is involve derived, and with what primary meaning? 2. How does involve compare with implicate? 3. Are these words used in the favorable or the unfavorable sense? 4. As regards results what is the difference between include, imply, and involve?
EXAMPLES.
Rocks may be squeezed into new forms, bent, contorted, and ——.
An oyster-shell sometimes —— a pearl.
—— in other men's affairs, he went down to their ruin.
JOURNEY (page 223).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is journey derived? What is its primary meaning? Its present meaning? 2. What is travel? How does it differ from journey? 3. What was the former meaning of voyage? its present meaning? 4. What is a trip? a tour? 5. What is the meaning and common use of passage? of[457] transit? 6. What is the original meaning of pilgrimage? How is it now used?
EXAMPLES.
—— makes all men countrymen.
All the —— of their life is bound in shallows and in miseries.
To help you find them.
JUDGE (page 224).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a judge in the legal sense? 2. What other senses has the word judge in common use? 3. What is a referee, and how appointed? an arbitrator? 4. What is the popular sense of umpire? the legal sense? 5. What is the present use of arbiter? 6. What are the judges of the United States Supreme Court officially called?
EXAMPLES.
And that old common ——, Time,
Will one day end it.
A man who is no —— of law may be a good —— of poetry.
The —— is only the mouth of law, and the magistrate who punishes is only the hand.
JUSTICE (page 225).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is justice in governmental relations? in social and personal relations? in matters of reasoning or literary treatment? 2. To what do integrity, rectitude, right, righteousness, and virtue apply? What do all these include? 3. What two contrasted senses has lawfulness? 4. To what does justness refer, and in what sense is it used?
EXAMPLES.
—— exalteth a nation.
—— of life is fame's best friend.
He shall have merely ——, and his bond.
KEEP (page 226).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the general meaning of keep? 2. How does keep compare with preserve? fulfil? maintain? 3. What does keep imply when used as a synonym of guard or defend?
EXAMPLES.
These make and —— the balance of the mind.
Sufficeth them,—the simple plan,
That they should take who have the power
And they should —— who can.
—— thy shop, and thy shop will —— thee.
KILL (page 226).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to kill? 2. To what are assassinate, execute, and murder restricted? 3. What is the specific meaning of murder? execute? assassinate? To what class of persons is the latter word ordinarily applied? 4. What is it to slay? 5. To what is massacre limited? With what special meaning is it used? 6. To what do butcher and slaughter primarily apply? What is the sense of each when so used? 7. What is it to despatch?