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Essays in Zen Buddhism

Chapter 13: INDEX
By Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki
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Essays, Letters & SpeechesReligion/Spirituality

About This Book

The collection presents essays that examine Zen as a practice and philosophy, treating enlightenment and ignorance, the experience of satori, and the historical development of Zen thought. It outlines practical methods of instruction, the organization and ideals of communal meditation, and interpretations of symbolic stages of practice represented in the cow-herding pictures. Interspersed are reflections on Zen's psychological implications and guidance for applying insight in daily life, accompanied by explanatory notes and an appendix. The tone balances descriptive history, philosophical analysis, and practical guidance aimed at making Zen intelligible to readers approaching it from modern perspectives.

INDEX

INDEX

  • “Abrupt” school, 350.
  • Account of Succession in the Law, 158.
  • Accounts of the Orthodox Transmission of the Dharma, by Ch‘i-Sung, 156.
  • Ādarśa-Jñāna (mirror-insight), 131f.
  • Amitābha Sūtra, (Chinese), 193, see also Sukhāvatīvyūha.
  • Anābhogacaryā (act of no-purpose), 66fn., 82.
  • Ānanda, 55, 59, and Akshobhya, 284.
  • Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi (supreme, perfect enlightenment), 58, 78; see also Enlightenment.
  • Arada (or Ālāra Kālāma), 71fn., 145.
  • Arhat, qualified, 60.
  • Arhatship, 51, 56, 121.
  • Ariyapariyesana-suttam, 38fn.
  • Asanga, 55.
  • Āśrava (leakage), 50fn.
  • Aśvaghosha, 55, 56fn., 145, 161.
  • Aśvajit, 58.
  • Avataṁsaka Sūtra (Chinese), 89.
  • Awakening of Faith, the, by Aśvaghosha, 56.
  • Bāhva, 89.
  • Basho (Pa-chiao), on “shujō,” 259, silent, 281.
  • Baso (Ma-tsu), 16, 30, 163, 190, 199, 218, 221f.; in his sick bed, 269; his “Kwats!” 279f.; and Tō-Impo, 291.
  • Berkeley, on dust, 313fn.
  • Bhūtatā, 79.
  • Bhūtatathatā, 131.
  • Biographies of the High Priests, by Tao-hsüan, 163.
  • Black-nails, the Brahman, 161.
  • Blake, 267.
  • Bliss-bestowing, 366.
  • Bodhi, 79ff.; see also Enlightenment.
  • Bodhi-Dharma (Daruma, Tamo), 8, 24, 74, 82, 93, 94, 96, 156, 218; the gāthā by, 160; his life, 163ff.; Six Essays by, 165fn.; his life by Donrin, 167; and the emperor of Liang, 175; in Wei, 176; and his disciples, 177; and Nāgārjuna, 177fn.; his last days, 178; his coming from West, 266; and a nun, 284; and his four disciples, 351.
  • Bodhiruci, a translator of the Laṅkāvatāra, 74.
  • Bodhisattvahood, 63; contrasted with Arhatship, 52.
  • Bodhisattva-sīla Sūtra, (Chinese,) 193, 205.
  • Bodhism, 152.
  • Boehme, Jacob, 114.
  • Bokitsu (Mu-chi), on staff, 20.
  • Bokuju (Mu-chou), on staff, 21; treatment of Ummon, 10; on dressing and eating, 12f.; on teacher of Buddhas, 269; on Zen, 269; on doctrine going beyond Buddhas, 269f.
  • Brahmajāla, 50fn., 51.
  • Buddha, his deification, 33; no metaphysician, 39; motherly, 40; deified, 40fn.; as the world-light, 41; the reason of his appearance, 61; his secluded habit, 68; as a magician, 86; his personality, 101; his personal experience, 107; his predecessors, 108; his reluctance to preach, 109; his proclamation to Upaka 115; and metaphysics, 124ff.; as empiricist, 127; his gāthā of law-transmission, 159; and an old lady, 162; as mind, 220.
  • Buddhacarita, by Aśvaghosha, 145.
  • Buddhas, the six, 158; invoked at meal, 310fn.
  • Buddhism, and its founder, 31ff.; and its Pali scholars, 37; as a life, 37; as the teaching of the Buddha, 37; and its divisions, 42; as a living system of Buddhist experience, 42, 44; its vital problems, 43ff.; its essence, 44; to be comprehensively and inwardly conceived, 48; Buddhism, growing beyond monasticism, 62ff.; and women, 64; Chinese, characterised, 93; persecuted in China, 95; its influence on Taoism, 98; acting on Confucian ideas, 99; defined, 101.
  • Builder (or designer, gahākara), 117; see also Ego.
  • Bukkō (Fo-kuang), or Tsu-yüan, 239f.; his tōki-no-gé, 241fn.
  • Bunki (Wen-hsi), silent, 281.
  • Candrottara-dārikā Sūtra, (Chinese) 64.
  • Carlyle, Thomas, 2.
  • Catushkotika, four logical propositions, 260.
  • Cause and Effect in the Past and Present, Sutra on the, 38fn.
  • Causation, the twelvefold chain of, 37, 55, 57, 108, 117, 126, 153, 154; see also under Origination.
  • Cetovimutti, 60.
  • Chao-chou, see Jōshū.
  • Ch‘êng-hao, Confucian philosopher, 99.
  • Ch‘êng-i, Confucian philosopher, 99.
  • Chien-ku, 69.
  • Chih-chiang-liang-lou, a Buddhist translator, 158.
  • Chih-I (Chigi), a Buddhist philosopher, 94, 100, 143, 190.
  • Chih-yüeh (Chiyaku), a Buddhist from India, 202.
  • Chih-huang (Chiko), disciple of Hui-nêng, 208f.
  • Chinese language, as vehicle of Zen, 337f.
  • Chinese mind, compared with the Indian, 83ff.; practical, 90.
  • Chō-kei (Ch‘ang-ching), his tōki-no-gé, 233f.; on Suigan’s eyebrows, 279.
  • Chosa (Ch‘ang-sha), on Nansen’s death, 17; on earthworm, 313; on the self, 273.
  • Chōyetsu (Ch‘ang-shuo), a Chinese officer, 193.
  • Chōsui (Ch‘ang-shui), on the evolution of the absolute, 272.
  • Chou-tun-i, a Chinese philosopher, 99.
  • Christ, in the light of Zen, 330.
  • Christian mystics, 353.
  • Christianity, and its founder, 35ff.; symbolic, 141.
  • Chu (Chung), the national teacher, 327; calling to his attendant, 288.
  • Chuang-tzŭ, 89, 100.
  • Chu-hsi, a Chinese philosopher, 99.
  • Citta, 80.
  • Confucius, 2, 5, 10.
  • Contradictions, in Zen, 264ff.
  • Counter-questioning, in Zen, 281ff.
  • Cow, revered by the Indians, 355; on the herding of, 355; gone out of sight, 364; forgotten, 363; on the back of, 362; herding the, 361; seeing the traces of the, 358; seeing the, 359; catching the, 360; looking for the, 357.
  • Daizui (Tai-sui), on self, 282.
  • Daruma (or Tamo), see Bodhi-Dharma.
  • Democracy, in the monastery, 313.
  • Designer (or builder, gahākara), 117.
  • Dhammapāda, 55, 134, 135.
  • Dharanī, 320fn.
  • Dharma, the, 58; and Buddhist life, 37; the comprehensive, 39; manifest in the Buddha, 40; defined, 50; the eye of, 53.
  • Dharmakāya, 34fn., 76.
  • Dhṛitaka, a Zen patriarch, 159.
  • Dhyāna (jhāna), and Prajñā, 34ff.; and Zen, 67ff.; against antinomianism, 67; different kinds of, 71ff.; four kinds of, in the Laṅkāvatāra, 81; the true, defined in the Samyukta-āgama, 81fn.; distinguished from Zen, 93; as a spiritual exercise, 154f.; the Tathāgata, 210; the patriarchal, 210; see also under Zen.
  • Direct action, in Zen, 277ff.
  • Direct method, in Zen, 283ff.
  • Discipline, Sutra on the Story of, Chinese, 38.
  • Discipline (śiksha), the threefold, 69, 135.
  • Dōfuku (Tao-fu), disciple of Bodhi-Dharma, 177.
  • Dōgo (Tao-wu), Yenchi, disciple of Yakusan, knows not his master, 265; with Yakusan, 287.
  • Dōgo, Tenno, instructing Ryūtan, 287.
  • Dōiku (Tao-yu), disciple of Bodhi-Dharma, 166, 177.
  • Dōsan (Tung-shan), 97.
  • Dōshin (Tao-hsin), 182, 187; and Hōyu (Fa-jung), 188f.
  • Duḥkha (pain), 141.
  • Eastern Buddhist, the, vi, 1fn.
  • Eating, in the monastery, 310ff.
  • Eckhart, cited, 114, 223, 255, 258, 268, 271, 305, 331fn., 364.
  • Ego, 4; -centric, 4; -substance, not existent, 46, 47.
  • Ekacitta (one thought), 113.
  • Ekottara-āgama, 34fn., 40fn.
  • Emerson, on imagination, 293.
  • Emptiness (śūnatā), 178ff.; as poverty, 336.
  • Engakuji, in Kamakura, 306.
  • Enlightenment, and darkness, 13; essence of Buddhism, 44; and Nirvana, 45; attainable by us, 47; its relation to Zen, 49ff.; as the Dharma, 50; as Nirvana, 51; not intellectual, 56, 111; as final truth, 57; in the Laṅkāvatāra, 60; not discursive understanding, 61; and spiritual freedom, 62ff.; fuller expression of life, 73; not conceptual, 81; in the Saddharma-puṇḍarīka, 84; as a significant fact in the Buddha’s life, 101; and intellection, 107; and ignorance, 107ff.; and the will, 119; as affirmation, 127; not nihilistic, 130; not a passive reflection, 132; and samādhi (or dhyāna), 133ff.; a returning, 138ff.; and the intellect, 139ff.; synthetical, 141; not negative, 144; as essential fact of Buddhism, 152ff.; as satori, 215; graded, 349ff.
  • Everlasting No, 2.
  • Everlasting Yea, 2.
  • Eye (insight), 109.
  • Exclamation, in Zen, 278ff.
  • Fa-pao-tan-ching, by Hui-nêng, 201fn., 202f.
  • Finger, pointing at the moon, 7.
  • First Fifty Discourses of the Buddha, tr. by Sīlācāra, 355fn.
  • Freedom, spiritual, 121.
  • Fu-hsi (Fukyō, or Fudaishi), 189, 258.
  • Gaṇḍavyūha Sūtra, Chinese, 64.
  • Gantō (Yen-tou), 239f.
  • Gāthās of transmission, 159.
  • Genkaku (Hsüan-chiao), 207.
  • Genkaku cho (Hsüan-chiao Chêng); on Chu the national teacher, 288fn.
  • Gensaku (Hsüan-t‘sê), 208f.
  • Gensha (Hsüan-sha), in water, 277; on self, 277; on transparent crystal, 277f.; on the murmuring of a stream, 278; and a piece of cake, 278; on Chu the national teacher, 288fn.
  • Gensoku (Hsüan-t‘sê), and the god of fire, 294.
  • Godaishi (Wu-tao-tzŭ), and the emperor Hsüan-tsung, 292f.
  • God-consciousness, in Zen, 336.
  • Goroku (Yü-lu), sayings, III., IV.; Chinese colloquialism in, 97.
  • Gozusan (Niu-tou-shan), 187.
  • “Gradual” school, in Zen, 350.
  • Gunabhadra, a translator of the Laṅkāvatāra, 74, 202.
  • Gunin (Hung-jên), the fifth patriarch, 30, 196, 173, 187, 189, 191.
  • Gutei (Chuh-chih), one finger Zen, 22fn.
  • Gwarin, (Wo-luan) a disciple of the sixth Patriarch, 209.
  • Haikyū (P‘ei Hsiu), and Ōbaku, 266f., 289.
  • Hakuin; 238ff., 267, 327; on Ummon’s “Kwan!” 279; Song of Zasen, 322f.; and his teacher Shōju, 324f.
  • Hekiganshu, an important book on Zen, 22fn., 320.
  • Herbert, George, cited, 305.
  • Hima (Pi-mo), with his forked stick, 261.
  • Hinayanism, as ascetic formalism, 64.
  • Hofuku (Pao-fu), 22fn.; on Suigan’s eyebrows, 279; his “for a while,” 281.
  • Hōgen (Fa-yen), on an inch’s difference, 275; on one drop of water, 275f.; on Chu the national teacher, 288f.; with Gensoku, 294.
  • Hokkezammai (fa-hua san-mei), 143.
  • Hōkoji (P‘ang Yun), on the companionless man, 16; Chinese Vimalakīrti, 17; on drawing water, 306, 306fn.
  • Hōji Bunkin (Pao-tz‘ŭ Wen-ch‘in), on everyday thought, 248.
  • Hōnen Shōnin, 34fn.
  • Hōshi (Pao-chih), 189.
  • Hossu, 20.
  • Hōyen (Fa-yen), of Gosozan, on Haryo Kan, 103; his tōki-no-gé, 234; on his own portrait, 237; his sermon, 271; and the yogācāra, 275; sermon on burglary, 296f.; on too much Zen, 331; sermon on staff, 345.
  • Hsiang-yen, see Kyōgen.
  • Hsien-chou (Genju), a great Buddhist philosopher, 100.
  • Hsing-szŭ, see Seigen Gyōshi.
  • Hsüan-chuang (Genjō Sanzo), 92, 100.
  • Huang-nieh, see Ōbaku.
  • Hui-chung, see Chu the national teacher.
  • Hui-k‘ê, see Yeka.
  • Hui-nêng, see Yeno.
  • Hui-szŭ (Yeshi), a Chinese Buddhist teacher, 143.
  • Humility, taught in the monastery, 318.
  • Hyakujo (Pai-chang), 163; and wild geese, 225. rolling up the matting, 232; deafened by Baso’s “Kwats!” 280; as founder of Zen monastery, 301; on cow-herding, 356.
  • Hyakujo, Nehan, 13, 247, 286.
  • Hyakujo Shingi, regulations of the Zen monastery, 301.
  • Ibnu ’I-Farid, a Persian mystic, 353.
  • I-ching (Gijō), a Chinese pilgrim and translator, 92.
  • Ignorance, avidyā, 1, 47; how conquered, 111; not cognitive, 116ff.; and ego, 120, 126.
  • Iku, or Toryō (Tu-ling Yu), his tōki-no-gé, 234f.
  • Immortality, 17.
  • Indian imagination, and the Mahayana texts, 84.
  • Inshu (Yin-tsung), converted by Yeno, 197.
  • Insight, its synonyms in Sanskrit, 112ff.; see also eye (cakkhu).
  • Intellect, disturbing, 6.
  • Isan (Wei-shan), picking tea-leaves, 289, 314; in the remote mountains, 327.
  • Ishin Seigen (Wei-hsin Ch‘in-yüan), his view of Zen, 12.
  • Islamic Mysticism, by R. D. Nicholson, 353f.
  • Itivuttaka, 131, 133.
  • Jimyo (Tzŭ-ming), on dust, 22; his counter-questioning, 282; and Suigan Kashin, 295f.
  • Jinshu (Shên-hsiu), 191, 193, 201, 218.
  • Jō-jōza (Ting the monk), and Rinzai, 243; with Buddhist scholars, 290f.
  • Jōshu (Chao-chou), on Zen, 102; “Throw it down!” 162; no abiding place, 205fn.; on washing dishes, 224; “Mu”, 236, 240; one ultimate word, 256, 256fn.; on poverty, 259; on Nansen’s cat, 262; on his new robe, 268; one thing abiding, 269; on Prajñā, 273; his counter-questioning, 282; his direct method, 286; on Chu the national teacher, 288fn.; on dust, 313; crying “fire!” 313; and an old woman, 328f.; his stone bridge, 329; on a crystal, 341; on Bodhi-Dharma, 341.
  • Kaisu (Ch‘i-sung), a Chinese historian, 158.
  • Kakuan (K‘uo-an), on ten cow-herding pictures, 355.
  • Kan of Haryo (Pa-Ling Chien), 103.
  • Karma, 86.
  • Katha-Upanishad, 114.
  • “Kechimyak-ron,” one of the Six Essays by Bodhi-Dharma, quoted, 219ff.
  • Kegon (Avataṁsaka), 54, 160.
  • Keisan (Chi-shan), 257fn.
  • Kena-Upanishad, 30fn., 142fn.
  • Kensho, seeing into one’s nature, 349.
  • Kevaddha Sutta, 69fn., 88.
  • Kido (Hsü-t‘ang), on the evolution of the absolute, 272f.
  • Kisu (Kuei-tsung), weeding, 270.
  • Kō-an, IV., 239f., 250; its meaning explained, 319fn.
  • Koboku Gen (K‘u-mu Yüan), on poverty, 334f.
  • Kōhō (Kao-fêng), his Zen experience, 236ff.
  • Kōrin (Hsiang-lin), tired with sitting, 268.
  • Kōzankoku (Huang-shan-ku), and Kwaido, 230.
  • Kumārajīva, 100.
  • Kwanzan, 327.
  • Kwasan (Hê-shan), his drum, 269.
  • “Kwatsu!” (hê), 22; four forms of, 280.
  • Kyōgen (Hsiang-yen), 210; his satori, 227f.; a man up in a tree, 263; on poverty, 334.
  • Kyōzan (Yang-shan), on Isan’s mirror, 262; and Sansho, 282; picking tea-leaves, 314.
  • Kwanchu (Huan-chung), on Prajñā, 273.
  • Lalita-vistara, 146.
  • Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra, 60, 82, 94, 102, 103, 161, 173ff., 193, 202, 336f.; not one word uttered, 55; three Chinese translations of, 74; its special features discussed, 75; a hymn cited from, 76; its main thesis, 76; passages often repeated in, 80; quotation from the first chapter of, 87ff.; on abrupt understanding, 200.
  • Lao-tzŭ, 30fn., 100, 335.
  • Lawrence, Brother, 18, 305.
  • “Learning by doing,” in the monastery, 315.
  • Liang-chiu (“for a little while”), 281.
  • Lieh-tzŭ, 89, 330, 351ff.
  • Life, as affirmation, 2; suffering, 3; assertion of, 285.
  • Lightning simile, 230f., 241, 284.
  • Lin-chi, see Rinzai.
  • Lohicca, 69fn.
  • Mādhyamika, the, 90, 100, 160.
  • Mahākāśyapa, or Kāśyapa, 49, 74, 155, 159.
  • Mahāli-sutta, 50fn., 123, 132.
  • Mahāpadāna-suttanta, 38fn., 108.
  • Mahāparinibbāna, 69.
  • Mahāparinirvāna Sūtra, Chinese, 220fn.
  • Mahāsaṅghikas, 42.
  • Mahayana, traceable in Hinayana, 48.
  • Mahayanism, and libertinism, 64.
  • Mahāvyutpatti, 70fn.
  • Maitreya, 85.
  • Majjhima-nikāya, 146, 147.
  • Manas, 80.
  • Mañjuśrī, 64, 86, 90; as Prajñā, 273.
  • Maññitams, (self-assertion), 136.
  • Manovijñāna, 80.
  • Manura, the twenty-second patriarch of Zen, 159.
  • Ma-tsu, see Baso.
  • Maturing, of Zen life, 327f.
  • Maudgalyāyana, 58.
  • Mayoku (Ma-ku), and Ryōsui, 288.
  • Meaningless affirmation, in Zen, 267ff.
  • Meditation, 81; in Zen, 19, 20fn., 206ff.; five objects of, 72fn.; ten objects of, 72fn.; meditations on food, three, 310; five, 310.
  • Meditation Hall, IV., 24, 301ff.
  • Mencius, 4.
  • Meritlessness, 330; meritless deeds, 336.
  • Miracles, Buddhist view of, 123fn.
  • Moksha, 52; see also Vimoksha.
  • Monastery life, described, 309f.; practical, 305.
  • Mondō (questions and answers), 222, 256.
  • Monks, as labourers, 312.
  • Moon, and a finger, 6.
  • Mu-chou, see Bokuju.
  • Mumon (Wu-men), on poverty, 33.
  • Musō Kokushi, 321; his exhortation, 321.
  • Myō-jōza (Ming the Monk), 195.
  • Mystics and Saints of Islam, by Claud Field, 225fn.
  • Na-lien-ya-shê, a Buddhist translator from India, 158.
  • Nan-ch‘üan, see Nansen.
  • Nangaku (Nan-yüeh), 210, 212, 222, 236; and his disciples, 351.
  • Nansen (Nan-ch‘üan), 17, 30, 163, 292; everyday thought, 248; and his cat, 262.
  • Nāgārjuna, 55, 56, 100, 161, 355fn.
  • Nanyin (Nan-yüan,) 210.
  • Nan-yüeh, see Nangaku.
  • Negation, in Zen, 260ff.
  • Nenro, commentary remark peculiar to Zen, 225.
  • Nigrodha, 68.
  • Nirvana, 37, 45, 101; in samsara, 13; not annihilation, 47; in enlightenment, 51; the anupādiśesha, 51, 63; conditioned by samsara, 79; in Sutta Nipata, 131f.; described as security, 147.
  • Nirvāṇa Sūtra, Chinese, 193, 197, see also Mahāparinirvāna.
  • Noble Truth, the Fourfold, 37, 39, 54, 55, 57, 96, 113, 116, 128f. 141, 154.
  • “No work, no eating,” 302f.
  • Non-achievement, 218.
  • Non-attachment, 161, 335f.
  • Non-ego, 37, 153, 154.
  • Nyoi, 20.
  • Ōbaku (Huang-po), 9, 163, 218; with his staff, 285f.; with Haikyū, 289; and Rinzai, 291; with a hoe, 314.
  • Ōkubo Shibun, and his bamboo picture, 259f.
  • “One thought” (ekacitta), 56, 113.
  • One voice (ekaśvara), 43fn.
  • Orategama, a collection of letters by Hakuin, 238.
  • Original face, the, 195, 210.
  • Origination, theory or chain of (pratītya-samutpāda), 46, 66fn., 96, 142f.; see also Causation.
  • Pai-chang, see Hyakujo.
  • Pali Text Society, Journal of, v.
  • Paññā, 109; and enlightenment, 126; its Pali synonyms, 112ff.; See also Prajñā.
  • Paññā-vimutti, 60.
  • Pao-lin-ch‘uan, a lost Zen history, 158.
  • Paradox, in Zen, 258ff.
  • Paramārtha, or paramārthasatya, 79, 202.
  • Pāramitās, virtues of perfection, 170.
  • Parikalpana (or vikalpa), 113.
  • Parinibbāna-suttanta, 41fn.; see also Mahāparinibbāna-suttanta.
  • Paticca-samuppāda, 114, 116, 129; see also Origination and Causation.
  • Patriarchs, the twenty-eight, 157.
  • Pieh-chi, a Zen document, 172.
  • Pi-kwan, wall-gazing, 167, 171ff.
  • Platform Sutra, by Hui-nêng, 209; see also Fa-pao-tan-ching.
  • Plotinus, 268.
  • Poverty, in Zen, 333ff.
  • Prajñā, 52ff., 61, 65, 66, 94, 113, 134ff., 273, 275; see also Paññā, and under Dhyāna and Enlightenment.
  • Prajñā-pāramitā Sūtra, 88, 90, 91, 100, 103, 142fn., 161, 205fn., 266; the philosophy of, 136f.; its school, 80.
  • Pratyātmajñāna, or -gocara, 76ff., 81, 91, 153.
  • Prodigal son, the, in the Buddhist texts, 140ff.
  • Raft, the simile of, 136ff.
  • Rakuho (Le-p‘u), his “Kwats!” 280.
  • Rasan (Lo-shan), his counter-questioning, 282.
  • Rāvana, 77, 87.
  • Records of the Right Transmission, a Zen history by Ch‘i-sung, 158.
  • Records of the Spread of the Lamp, a Zen history by Li Tsun-hsü, 156.
  • Records of the Transmission of the Lamp, a Zen history by Tao-yüan, 156, 158, 164, 166, 204.
  • Refuge formula, the threefold, 62.
  • Reiun (Ling-yün), on the appearance of the Buddha, 285.
  • Religion of the Samurai, by Kwaiten Nukariya, v.
  • Repetition, in Zen, 271ff.
  • Returning, 139; to the origin, 365.
  • Rhys Davids, 70fn.
  • Righteousness, the eightfold path of, 37, 55. 96, 153, 154.
  • Rightful Lineage of the Sākya Doctrine, a history of Chinese Buddhism, 163.
  • Rinzai (lin-chi), 190, 210, 281; on a man of no title, 8f.; on staff, 21; the school of, 212; on Ōbaku’s Buddhism, 232; and Ōbaku, 291; his “Kwats!” 279f.; his “rough” method, 290; with a hoe, 314; sermon on Zen life, 331f.
  • Rinzairoku, Sayings of Rinzai, 320.
  • Risan (li-shan), 256fn.
  • Ruskin, 15.
  • Ryōsui (Liang-sui), answering Mayoku, 288.
  • Ryüttan (Lung-t‘an), receiving instructions from Dōgo, 287.
  • Saddharma-puṇḍarīka Sūtra, 43fn., 54, 61, 66, 84, 89, 193. 355f.
  • Sai-an (Chi-an), and Vairocana Buddha, 162.
  • Samādhi, 94, 208f.; distinguished from dyhāna, 70; its synonyms, 70.
  • Sāmaññā-phala Sutta, 68, 69fn., 71fn., 128, 131.
  • Saṁsāra, 79.
  • Samyutta-nikāya, 59, 142fn.
  • Sandhana, a follower of the Buddha, 68.
  • Sangha, 68.
  • Sansho (San-shêng) 210; and Kyōzan, 282.
  • Sanzen, 323f.
  • Śāriputra, 61, 86; his spiritual attainment, 58; in the Puṇḍarika, 61.
  • Satori, (awakening), 19, 24, 215ff.; as intuitive understanding, 216; and conversion, 217; as ken-shō (chien-hsing), 219; not discursive, 228; and mental effort, 231; and self-suggestion, 244; absolutely needed in Zen, 244f.; not meditation, 246; and seeing God, 246; intimate experience, 247; not abnormal, 248; and freedom, 249; as enlightenment, 249.
  • Schopenhauer, 144.
  • Secchō (Hsüeh-tou), compiler of Hekigan, 22fn.; on Ummon’s “Kwan!” 279.
  • Secret Virtue, 328ff.
  • Seigen Gyōshi (Ch‘ing-yüan Hsing-szŭ), the source of the Soto, 212.
  • Seizei (Ch‘ing-shi), 259fn.
  • Seki, Seisetsu, 357fn.
  • Sekisō (Shih-shuang), on the ultimate fact, 286.
  • Sekitō (Shih-t‘ou), 17, 163, 190, 199, 264.
  • Self-suffering, in Zen, 329.
  • Sêng-t‘san, see Sōsan.
  • Sesshin period, 319ff.
  • Shari (śārīra), 316.
  • Shên-hsui, see Jinshu.
  • Sheng-chou-chi, a lost Zen history, 158.
  • Shifuku (Tzu-fu), silent, 281.
  • Shih-t‘ou, see Sekitō.
  • Shiko (Tzŭ-hu), on earthworm, 314.
  • Shin sect, as “other-power,” v.
  • Shingon, 160; and Swedenborg, 45fn.
  • Shinko (Shên-kuang), 176f.; see also Yeka.
  • Shinran, 34fn.
  • Shippé, 20.
  • Shōkō (Shêng-kuang), on earthworm, 314.
  • Shuan (Shou-an), on poverty, 333.
  • Shujyō, 20.
  • Shukō (Chu-hung), on anger, 317f.
  • Shuzan (Shu-shan), 256fn.; on shippé, 261; on Buddhism, 269; his “for a while,” 281.
  • Śikshānanda, a translator of the Laṅkāvatāra, 74.
  • Silence, in Zen, 280f.; Vimalakīrti’s 280; and Zen masters, 281.
  • Six Essays by Bodhi-Dharma, 218; see also under Bodhi-Dharma.
  • Sixth Patriarch, see Yeno.
  • Sōji (Tsung-chih), 177.
  • Sonadanda, the Brahman, 142fn.
  • Sorrow, sanctifying, 4.
  • Sōsan (Sêng-t‘san), 181ff.; his writing, 182ff.
  • Sōtō school, the, 212.
  • Sotōba (Su Tung-p‘o), on Mount Lu, 11f.
  • Shaku, Soyen, vii.
  • Sozan (Ts‘ao-shan), silence revealed by, 281.
  • Spirits, fed at meal, 311.
  • Śrīmālā Sūtra, Chinese, 64.
  • St. Francis, on work, 303f.
  • Sthaviras, 41.
  • Sudhana, 64.
  • Suffering, 3, 4.
  • Sufis, 353.
  • Suibi (Ts‘ui-wei), Mugaku, on Tanka, 317.
  • Suibi (Ts‘ui-yen), on his eyebrows, 279.
  • Suigan Kashin, and Jimyō, 295f.
  • Sukhāvativyūha Sūtra, 43fn.
  • Sumeru, Mount, 87.
  • Sumiye-painting, and Zen, 284.
  • Śūnyatā, emptiness, 47, 56, 80, 100.
  • Supernaturalism, Indian, 86; miracles, wonders, etc., 88, 90.
  • Śūraṅgama Sūtra, Chinese, 272.
  • Sutta Nipata, 50fn., 130, 132.
  • Swedenborg, 45fn.
  • Tai-an, on cow-herding, 356.
  • Taigi (tai-i), fixation, 238f.
  • Tanka (Tan-hsia), burning a Buddha’s image, 316f.
  • “Tat twam asi,” 258.
  • Tathagata, his knowledge, 122.
  • Tathāgata-dhyāna, 82.
  • Tathāgata-garbha, 78, 80.
  • Tathatā, 79.
  • Tao-hsüan, a Buddhist historian, 163ff.
  • Tao-shin, see Sōsan.
  • Tao-wu, see Dōgo.
  • Tao-yüan, a Zen historian, 164ff.
  • Tauler, 305, 333.
  • Teisho, Zen lecture, 320.
  • Ten Cow-herding Pictures, 349ff.
  • Tendai, 54; and Zen, 190.
  • Tennyson, 20.
  • Tenryu (T‘ien-lung), “one finger” Zen, 22fn.; his counter-questioning, 282.
  • Tenryūji, in Kyoto, 321, 357fn.
  • Terstegen, 278.
  • Tê-shan, see Tokusan.
  • Tesshikaku (T‘ieh-tsui Chiao), knows not his master, 265.
  • Tevijja, 50fn.
  • Three conceptions of being, 290.
  • Tōki-no-gé, 233; by Chōkei, 223f.; by Hōyen Goso, 234; by Yengo, 234; by Yenju, 234; by Yōdainen, 235; by Iku of Toryō, 235; by Bukkō, 241fn.
  • Tō-Impo (Têng-yin-fêng), crushing Baso’s legs, 291.
  • Tokusan (Tê-shan), on staff, 21; and the Diamond Sutra, 225, 232; and his stick. 261, 280.
  • Tokushō (Tê-shao), one drop of water, 276; on Prajñā, 276.
  • Tōsu (T‘ou-tzŭ), on the Buddha, etc., 273.
  • Trikāya, 34fn.
  • Tsung-chien (Sōkan), a Buddhist historian, 163.
  • Tung-shan, see Dosan.
  • Tzŭ-ming, see Jimyo.
  • Udraka, 71fn.
  • Udumbarika-sīhanāda Suttanta, 68.
  • Ummon (Yün-men), on a good-for-nothing fellow, 10; on staff, 21; 261, 263f.; defines Zen, 102; sermons, 344; on Jōshu’s washing dishes, 224; on poverty, 335; on Zen, 260; his “Kwan!” 279; his laconism, 338.
  • Umpō (Yün-fêng), on Ummon’s comment on Jōshu, 224.
  • Ungan (Yün-yen), “Overflowing!” 97; with Yakusan, 287.
  • Ungo (Yün-chü), Dōyō, and an officer, 288.
  • Ungo, Shaku, on Chu the national teacher, 288fn.
  • Upāya (expediency, or device), 65, 66f.
  • Vajracchedikā Sūtra, 137, 173ff., 189, 191, 198.
  • Vajrasamādhi Sūtra, Chinese, 64, 94, 170, 173; the prodigal son in, 140.
  • Vasubandhu, 55.
  • Vasumitra, 42fn.
  • Via negativa, 56.
  • Victory, the hymn of, 55, 59.
  • Vikalpa, 79, 81.
  • Vimalakīrti, 86, 89, 90, 258, 280f.
  • Vimalakīrti Sūtra, Chinese, 63, 64, 161, 181fn., 193, 205f., 207.
  • Vimoksha (or Moksha), 49.
  • Vimutti, 52, 53; see also Vimoksha and Moksha.
  • Vipaśyi, 159.
  • Wei-shan, see Isan.
  • Wilde, Oscar, quoted, 4.
  • Wind, the simile of, 331.
  • Wither, 267.
  • Yakusan (Yüeh-shan), 96, 163, 190, 247; with his disciples, 287; giving no sermon, 344.
  • Yang-shan, see Kyōzan.
  • Yathābhūtaṁ, 114, 116, 128, 133f.; intuitional, 129f.; empirical, 131.
  • Yegu (Hui-yü), 259fn., 270.
  • Yeka (Hui-k‘ê), 74, 82, 166, 173, 177; his life, 178ff.
  • Yenchi (Yüan-chih), with Sekiso, 286f.
  • Yengo (Yüan-wu), 22; on dust and flower, 23; his tōki-no-gé, 234.
  • Yenkwan (Yen-kuan), on Vairocana Buddha, 286.
  • Yenō (Hui-nêng), the sixth patriarch, 17, 24, 30, 92, 94, 160, 189, 190ff., 218, 250, 327; and the Vajracchedikā, 174; on the flapping pennant, 197; on seeing into one’s nature, 197; talk with the imperial messenger, 198; long sitting, 201; on self-nature, 202; his view of Zen in the Platform Sutra, 203ff.; on prajñā, 204f.; on abrupt teaching, 205; as dynamic intuitionalist, 207; on samādhi and dhyāna, 208f.; his method of instruction, 210; his death, 211; on quiet sitting, 221; on his understanding of Buddhism, 30, 263.
  • Yervō Chōkei, on staff, 20.
  • Yesei Bashō, on staff, 20.
  • Yeshi (Hui-szŭ), a Tendai philosopher, 190.
  • Yōdainen, his tōki-no-gé, 235.
  • Yogācāra, 100, 160.
  • Yōgi (Yang-ch‘i), on poverty, 334.
  • Yüeh-shan, see Yakusan.
  • Yün-men, see Ummon.
  • Zazen, 304.
  • Zen: (1) in its relation to Buddhism 29; and the doctrine of enlightenment, 29ff., 83ff.; as the essence of Buddhism, 43; is the enlightenment-mind of the Buddha, 49ff.; and the theory of Śunyatā, 174fn.; and the Laṅkāvatāra, 74ff.: (2) in its relation to the Chinese mind, 95; as Chinese product, 154; how it ruled in China, 92ff.; and the Sung philosophy, 98ff.; and the Tendai, 190; and other Buddhist sects in China, 95; in the T‘ang dynasty, 95; in the Sung, 95; in the Yuan and the Ming, 95; legendary history of, 155: (3) as a discipline, 14; and asceticism, 15, 309; its monastery training, 326f.; and poverty, 259fn.; and the boiling oil, 16; deadly poison, 18: (4) in its relation to the intellect, 6; as “self-power,” v; as a liberating agent, 1; teaches freedom, 11; as the solution of life-problems, 5; no generalisation, 12; never explains, 8f.; irrational, 11; paradoxical, 258ff.; the culmination of intellectual efforts, 254; as an unutterable sigh, 278fn.: (5) psychologically viewed, self-suggestion, 18; subconsciousness, 19; the sense of returning, 143; leaving no traces, 3: (6) specific features of, summed in four lines, 7, 163; its methods of teaching, 24, 253ff.; methods classified, 257; its gradation, 24; (see also the Ten Cow-herding Pictures); its derivation, 67; and dhyāna, 67ff.; and meditation, 67; practical, 54; different from tranquillisation, 73; not quiet sitting, 222; seeing into one’s own nature, 203, 204; acquiring a new viewpoint, 215ff.; nothing secret in, 13; and the sumiye-painting, 284; defined, 102; Southern and Northern schools, 199; the instant and the gradual, 199; its monastery system psychologically and morally considered, 303ff.: (7) its language, 274; and colloquialism, 340.