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Essays of an Americanist / I. Ethnologic and Archæologic. II. Mythology and Folk Lore. III. Graphic Systems and Literature. IV. Linguistic. cover

Essays of an Americanist / I. Ethnologic and Archæologic. II. Mythology and Folk Lore. III. Graphic Systems and Literature. IV. Linguistic.

Chapter 57: INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
By Daniel G. Brinton
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About This Book

A series of essays compiles archaeological, ethnological, mythological, graphic, and linguistic research on the indigenous cultures of the American continent. The essays review legendary, monumental, industrial, linguistic, physical, and geologic evidence to reassess theories of antiquity and migration, arguing for indigenous development and continuity. Topics include prehistoric stone industries and glacial contexts, the question of mound-building peoples, critical readings of Toltec traditions, analyses of Quiche sacred names and Popol Vuh material, and examinations of native graphic systems and poetic expression. Methodological reflections emphasize psychological as well as physical dimensions of early societies.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

  • Abañeénga, language, 381.
  • Abipones, language of, 336.
  • Abundance, the house of, 145.
  • Acheron, the river of Hades, 141.
  • Acolhuacan, 86.
  • Acozpa, hieroglyph of, 224.
  • Adjectives, absence of, 405.
  • Adjidjiatig, or grave posts of Chipeways, 228.
  • Age of Iron, Bronze, and Stone, 49.
  • Agglutination in language, 340, 361.
  • Ahau katuns of Mayas, 264, 268, 269.
  • Ahkul Chel, a Maya priest, 248.
  • Ahpu, magicians, 118.
  • Ah-raxa-lak, a sacred name, 117.
  • Ah-raxa-sel, a sacred name, 117.
  • Ahuitzotzin, Emperor of Mexico, 281–3.
  • Akahal tribe, 423.
  • Algonkin grammar, remarks on, 190, 364, 366.
  • Algonkin language, extension of, 35;
  • Algonkins, hero-god of, 130–134.
  • Algonkin stock, area of, 311.
  • Algonkin tribes, their “grandfather,” 184;
    • as mound-builders, 70;
    • legendary origin of, 24.
  • Alliteration, rare in primitive poetry, 285.
  • Allibamons, 71.
  • Alphabet, of Cherokees, 199;
    • of Valades, 200;
    • in early speech, 393;
    • of Landa, 199, 240–245;
    • of Chinese, etc., 214.
  • Alternating consonants, 398.
  • Amenti, the Egyptian Hades, 137.
  • American languages, tenacity of, 35;
    • diversity of, 35;
    • traits of, 36;
    • study of, 37, 308 sq.
  • American Indians, origin of, 17.
  • Anahuac, 84.
  • Analtés, sacred books of Itzas, 239, 247.
  • Andover, a rebus of, 223.
  • Animals, transformation into, 114, 170, 171.
  • Animate and inanimate conjugations, 406.
  • Animism, doctrine of, 117.
  • Anthropoid apes, not found in
  • America, 43.
  • Anthropology, classification in, 349.
  • Apaches, language of, 35, 394.
  • Apalacha, fabulous description of, 76.
  • Apap, god of evil, in Egypt, 137.
  • Araucanian language, 398.
  • Araucanians, skulls of, 39.
  • Arawacks, tribe, 40;
    • language, 430.
  • Argillite implements, 41.
  • Arithmetic of Mayas, 268.
  • Arizona, ruins in, 25.
  • Arrhenic gender, 406.
  • Arrow, in Lenape, 183.
  • Arrow heads, ancient forms of, 31.
  • Arrow-release, the American, 60.
  • Arsut, a song of, 290.
  • Art, American, wholly indigenous, 60.
  • Arthur, King, story of, 130, 142.
  • Artificial shell-heaps, age of, 27.
  • Aryan languages, the, 312, 323, 344, 358;
    • dialects, alleged, in America, 59;
    • nations, mythology of, 141.
  • Assumptive arms, in heraldry, 219.
  • Astrology, native Yucatecan, 259.
  • Astronomic cycles of Mexicans and Mayas, 23.
  • Asymmetry, intentional, 448.
  • Athapascan language, the, 21, 58, 394;
    • extension of the, 35;
    • elements of, 36.
  • Atecpanamochco, 86.
  • Atlantis, the fabled, 43.
  • Atoyac, the river, 86.
  • Auroral gods, 111, 113.
  • Autochthony of American culture, 60.
  • Avalon, the Isle of, 142.
  • Aymarian depression in American skulls, 62.
  • Azteca or Aztecs, 85, 87, 367.
  • Aztec calendar explained, 276–9;
    • codices, 221;
    • love songs, 295–7;
    • war songs, 298;
    • year cycles of, 159, see Nahuatl, Mexican.
  • Aztlan, derivation of, 88.
  • Bacab, Maya deities, 173.
  • Baffin’s Land, natives of, 286.
  • Balam, meaning of, 128, 258;
    • the Maya prophet, 248.
  • Balams, Maya deities, 172–176.
  • Ball play in Mexico, 89.
  • Banana, not an American plant, 33, 34.
  • Basque language, the, 316, 351.
  • Bat, as a totemic animal, 114.
  • Baures, language of, 397.
  • Beard in American Indians, 39.
  • Being and Not-Being, in language, 401.
  • Biceitas, tribe, 375.
  • Bilderschrift, 207.
  • Birds as winds, 123, 175;
  • Bi-sexual divinities, 96, 109.
  • Blackfeet, myths of, 131.
  • Black-tail, a fabulous snake, 178.
  • Blood, in myths, 114, 124.
  • Blowpipe, use of, 109.
  • Blue, as sacred color, 95, 118.
  • Boat of the Sun, 138;
    • of Charon, 141.
  • Bokol h’otoch, a Maya imp, 178.
  • Bones, collection of, 78.
  • Book, Maya word for, 247.
  • Books of Chilan Balam, 255 sqq.
  • Books of Mayas described, 232, 235, 237.
  • Bolivia, tribes of, 397, 405.
  • Boruca language, the, 375 sq.
  • Botocudos, traits of, 38, 39, 40, 65.
  • Bow-and-arrow, modern use of, 31, 183.
  • Brachycephalism in America, 63.
  • Brazil, designs of pottery from, 157, 159;
    • mound-builders from, 67;
    • ethnology of, 38, 40;
    • languages
  • of, 380 sq., 428 sq.;
    • shell heaps in, 28.
  • Bri-bri language, the, 374 sq.
  • Bronka or Brunka language, 375 sq.
  • Bronze, Age of, 49, 50.
  • Brush-net, use of, 184.
  • Buenos Ayres, archæology of, 31, 40.
  • Buffalo, Lenâpé name for, 184.
  • Burial customs, 75, 77, 78, 119.
  • Burial mounds in Florida, 75.
  • Cabecar language, the, 375 sq.
  • Cabrakan, god of earthquakes, 121, 122.
  • Cachis, tribe, 375.
  • Cahokia, pyramid at, 81.
  • Cakchiquels, totemic animals, 114;
  • Cakulha-Hurakan, a Quiche god, 120, 121.
  • Calaveras skull, the, 40.
  • Calculiform writing explained, 243, 253.
  • Calendar, mystic relations of, 99, 129;
    • of Mexicans, 276–8;
    • the Quiche-Cakchiquel, 129;
    • of the Taensas, 469.
  • California, languages of, 386;
    • auriferous gravels of, 31;
    • remains from, 40.
  • Campeachy, Bay of, 233.
  • Canals, ancient, in Florida, 73.
  • Canek, chief of Itzas, 239.
  • Cannibalism, unknown in Yucatan, 235.
  • Canoes, manufacture of, 185.
  • Cantico, meaning of, 187.
  • Canting arms, in heraldry, 218.
  • Capaha, the village of, 73.
  • Caracaracol, a Haytian divinity, 116.
  • Cardinal points, sacred characters, 154, 161, 166, 167, 172, 175;
    • signs for in Maya, 203.
  • Carib language, 331, 337.
  • Caribs, mythology of, 123.
  • Carvara, the dog, 141.
  • Catarrhine monkeys not found in America, 43.
  • Ceh Pech, a province of Yucatan, 233.
  • Central America, poetry of, 288.
  • Centzon Huitznahua, the, 94.
  • Cerberus, the dog, 141, 146.
  • Chiapas, dialects of, 420.
  • Cincalco, in Aztec myth, 145.
  • Civilization, centers of, 61.
  • Chac, Maya deities, 173.
  • Chahta-Muskokee family, the, 71, 79.
  • Chahta tribes, the, 80, 81;
    • see Choctaws.
  • Chan Pal, a Maya imp, 177.
  • Chapallan, Lake, 88.
  • Chapanec language, 398.
  • Charon, the ferryman, 141.
  • Chelles, objects from, 32.
  • Cherokees, wars with Iroquois, 69;
    • as mound-builders, 71, 82;
    • alphabet, 198.
  • Che Vinic, a Maya ogre, 176.
  • Chibcha language, 400.
  • Chicagua, a village, 73.
  • Chichen Itza, 254, 302.
  • Chichimecs, tribe, 90, 298.
  • Chicomoztoc, land of, 23.
  • Chikasaws, 71.
  • Chilan, signification of, 258, 260, 272;
    • prophecy of, 303.
  • Chilan Balam, books of, 255.
  • Chile, languages of, 398.
  • Chimalman, the virgin, 96.
  • Chinese, alphabet of, 214, 215;
    • language, the, 323, 336;
    • supposed presence in America, 59;
    • philosophy and symbolism, 150, 151.
  • Chipi-cakulha, a Quiche god, 120.
  • Chipeways, build mounds, 70;
    • myths of, 131.
  • Chipeway pronouns, 324;
    • pictography, 228.
  • Chipeways, their “grandfather,” 188.
  • Chipeway love song, 294;
    • love words, 418.
  • Chipped Stone, period of, 50.
  • Chiquita language, 405.
  • Chirakan Xmucane, a Quiche goddess, 122.
  • Choctaws, 24, 71, 77, 461;
    • see Chahta.
  • Choctaw language, the, 364.
  • Chronological system of Mayas, 263.
  • Chumayel, book of, 248, 257, 291.
  • “Chunk yards” of the Creeks, 76.
  • Clark’s Works, mounds at, 81.
  • Classification of languages, 339.
  • Coatepetl, the, 86, 89.
  • Coatlan Tonan, an Aztec goddess, 94.
  • Codices, the existing Maya, 250.
  • Coatlicue, an Aztec goddess, 94, 95.
  • Colhua, Colhuacan, 85.
  • Color of American Indians, 39, 61.
  • Colors in races of men, 38;
    • phonetic value in hieroglyphs, 223;
    • symbolism of, 166, 167.
  • Columbian gravel, relics found in, 53.
  • Communal burial, 78.
  • Communal dwellings, 185, 445.
  • Conjunctions, in American languages, 345, 404.
  • Connecticut, Indian names in, 309.
  • Consonants, alternating, 398;
    • significance of, 394.
  • Copan, calendar stone from, 155, 254.
  • Coptic, ancient, 215, 402.
  • Cordova, Hernandez de, his expedition, 232.
  • Cortes, H., his conquest, 280, 282.
  • Costa Rica, age of shell-heaps in, 28, 31;
    • languages of, 374 sq.
  • Counter-sense in language, 401.
  • Courous, tribe, 77.
  • Coyote, as sacred animal, 112.
  • Cozumel, island of, 232.
  • Cranial characteristics of red race, 62, 63.
  • Craniologic data from the mounds, 82.
  • Cranioscopic formulas of American Indians, 40.
  • Cree, language, 21, 363, 383, 395, 401, 403;
    • love words in, 413.
  • Crees, myths of, 131.
  • Creeks, 24, 71, 76.
  • Criteria of languages, 336.
  • Cross, as a sacred symbol, 148 sqq.
  • Cubit, as a measure, 441.
  • Cukulkan, 84.
  • Culcalkin, a Maya ogre, 177.
  • Culture-heroes, American, 130.
  • Cycles, of Aztecs and Mayas, 159, 264.
  • Dakotas, 79;
    • winter counts of, 159;
    • dialects, 407.
  • Dawn, master of the, 113.
  • Day-maker, the, 111, 129.
  • Days, signs of, in Maya MSS., 270.
  • Death, prognostics of, 169;
    • lord of, 170;
    • primitive notion of, 143;
    • river of, 147.
  • Deer, as totemic animal, 114, 128.
  • Delaware, State, discoveries in, 32, 53.
  • Delaware river, relics from, 41, 53.
  • Delaware Indians, see Lenâpé.
  • Déné Dindjié, tribe, 21;
    • language, 395.
  • Dependent clauses, 404.
  • Determinatives, their use in writing, 216.
  • Devil, words for, 126.
  • Diluvial epoch, human remains in, 29.
  • Divination, by beans, 118;
    • by thorns, 94;
    • by stones, 165.
  • Diviners, of Mayas, 165.
  • Dogs, as sacred animals, 140, 141, 144, 146.
  • Dresden, the Maya MS. at, 250.
  • Dwarfs, fabulous, of Mayas, 177.
  • Dyes used by the Mayas, 246.
  • Earth, the heart of the, 126.
  • Ego, phonetic element of, 396.
  • Egyptian theory of the soul, 136–140;
    • hieroglyphic origin of, 216;
    • alphabet, 217.
  • Eight, as sacred number, 140, 146.
  • Ekoneil, a fabulous snake, 179.
  • Elephant, the American, 32.
  • Elysium, fields of, 141.
  • Epicanthus, in America, 64.
  • English language, the, 336.
  • Epochs of the Palæolithic Period, 51.
  • Escamela, inscribed stone at, 274.
  • Eskimo, skulls of, 63;
    • physical traits of, 65;
    • songs of, 286–290;
    • language, 58, 338, 340.
  • Etowah valley, mound in, 80.
  • Eye, oblique or Mongolian, in America, 63, 64.
  • Fac-simile of Landa’s MS., 242.
  • Father, the great, 175.
  • Feathers, as symbolic ornaments, 116.
  • Female line, hereditary, 189.
  • Fire, earliest knowledge of, 391;
    • festival of, among Mayas, 168.
  • Fish, the, in Aztec calendar, 283.
  • Fishing, ancient methods of, 184
  • Fleur-de-lys, origin of, 220.
  • Flores, island, capture of, 239.
  • Florida, ancient mounds in, 73, 75, 77;
    • shell heaps in, 28, 31;
    • limonite skeletons from, 41.
  • Folk-lore of Yucatan, 163;
    • of Lenâpé, 181.
  • Food-plants of native Americans, 33.
  • Foot, as measure of length, 434 sq., 444.
  • Four, as sacred number, 140, 146, 157.
  • Four Ages of World, 161.
  • Four hundred, meaning of, 94.
  • Friendship, native words for, 420, 428.
  • Fuegians, appearance of, 39;
    • language, 338.
  • Games, of Lenapé, 186.
  • Generation, gods of, 120.
  • Georgia, antiquities in, 80.
  • Ghosts, superstitions about, 127.
  • Giant bison, the American, 41, note.
  • Giant Grab, 176;
    • Stone of the, 274 sq.
  • Glacial age in North America, date of, 41, 44, 54;
    • in South America, 42, 55.
  • Gluskap the Liar, a Micmac hero, 130.
  • Grammatic forms, origin of, 331.
  • Grammatical categories, the, 405.
  • Graphic systems, phonetic elements of, 195 sq.
  • Graphic system of Mayas, 245.
  • Greek language, the, 344, 348.
  • Green, as a color symbol, 118.
  • Greenland, poetry from, 287–290.
  • Grijalva, Juan de, his expedition, 232.
  • Guadalajara, University of, 326.
  • Guarani, language, 35, 380 sq., 398, 399, 400;
    • love words in, 428.
  • Guarayos, bearded Indians, 39, note.
  • Guatemala, dialects in, 104;
  • Gucumatz, derivation of, 116;
    • transformations of, 171.
  • Gucumatz Cotuha, a king, 114.
  • Guiana, shell-heaps in, 31;
    • ethnology of, 39, 40.
  • Gulf States, antiquities of, 72–80.
  • Hades, derivation of, 141;
    • descent to, 125–6.
  • Hair, of American Indians, 62;
  • Hare, the Great, 132.
  • Harmachis, Egyptian divinity, 138.
  • Hatchet, burying the, 71.
  • Haiti, mythology of, 116, 121.
  • “Heart of the Lake,” a sacred name, 116.
  • Heart, as a symbol, 117.
  • Hell, words for, 126, 127;
    • descent to, 123–130.
  • Hemenway Exploring Expedition, 25.
  • Heraldry, methods of, 218, 219.
  • Hermapolis, eight gods of, 140.
  • Hesperides, garden of the, 142.
  • Hidatsa language, 407.
  • Hieroglyphs, Maya, 201, 265–7.
  • Hog, the, as a god, 113.
  • Holophrasis, explained, 322, 354 sq.
  • Homo alalus, the, 390–392.
  • Homophones in languages, 198, 215, 216.
  • Hooks, used in fishing, 184.
  • Horus, the Egyptian, 138.
  • Horse, Delaware word for, 321;
    • fossil, in America, 31, 32, 42.
  • Houses, of beams, 97;
    • communal, 185.
  • Huasteca language, the, 221, 331, 343;
    • love words in, 422.
  • Hueman, an Aztec hero-god, 96.
  • Huguenots, settlement of, 74.
  • Huitzilopochtli, an Aztec god, 85, 88;
    • derivation of, 95;
    • birth of, 96;
    • temple of, 25.
  • Huitznahua, Aztec divinities, 94, 95.
  • Human species, divisions of, 38.
  • Humor, among native Americans, 288.
  • Hun-ahpu, birth of, 125.
  • Hun-ahpu-utiu, derivation, 112.
  • Hun-ahpu-vuch, derivation of, 109.
  • Hun-came, a Quiche god, 124.
  • Hunhun-ahpu, a Quiche god, 124.
  • Hunting, ancient methods of, 184.
  • Hunyecil, meaning of, 237.
  • Hurakan, god of the storm, 120–123.
  • Hurons, burial customs, 69.
  • Hurricane, derivation of, 121, 122;
    • lord of, 167.
  • Ichcanziho, ancient name of Merida, 233.
  • Ideograms in phonetic writing, 197;
    • of Mayas, 248.
  • Idols of Lenâpé, 187;
    • of Itzas, 240;
    • priest of, 248.
  • Idols, superstitions concerning, 177.
  • Ikonographic writing, 213.
  • Ikonomatic method of phonetic writing, 86, 89, 207, 211, 213–229, 281.
  • Illinois, archæology of, 40, 81.
  • Implements, simple and compound, 30, 51, 52.
  • Inca bone, the, 62.
  • Incas of Peru, false lists of, 23.
  • Incorporative character of American languages, 36.
  • Incorporation, explained, 321, 340, 341, 352–357, 403.
  • Indo-Aryans, myths of, 146.
  • Industrial art in ancient America, 29.
  • Ioskeha, Iroquois hero-god, 130.
  • Iron, Age of, 49, 50.
  • Iroquois, 24, 68, 69;
    • Lenâpé name for, 184.
  • Itza, town in Yucatan, 302.
  • Ytzamal, temples of, 236.
  • Itzamna, hero-god of Mayas, 238.
  • Itzas, the tribe of, 239.
  • Itzmiquilpan, hieroglyph of, 223.
  • Jaguar, as sacred animal, 128.
  • Japanese writing, 231.
  • Jesuits, settlement near Savannah, 76.
  • Jew, Book of the, 273.
  • Jonaz language, the, 368.
  • Katun, lord of the, 249;
    • of Mayas, 260.
  • Katuns, of Mayas, 159.
  • Káua, Book of Chilan Balam of, 268.
  • Kentucky, archæology of, 82.
  • Khetsua language, see Qquichua.
  • Kiches, see Quiches.
  • Kichigouai, Algonkin divinities, 111.
  • Kin Ich, a Maya deity, 170.
  • Kinich-ahau, hero-god of Mayas, 238.
  • Kioways, songs of, 293.
  • Klamath language, the, 321, 398.
  • Koonak, Mt., poem about, 290.
  • Kitchen-middens, in America, 27.
  • Labrador, natives of, 311.
  • Lacandon, province of, 239.
  • Lagoa Santa, skulls from, 40.
  • La Naulette, jaw from, 390.
  • Language, ethnologic value of, 193;
    • origin of, 390.
  • Languages discussed: See tribal names.
  • Laws of Thought, 402.
  • Lead, known to Mexicans, 450.
  • Leif Erikson, his voyage, 22.
  • Left hand, as stronger, 95.
  • Legends, value in savage tribes, 24.
  • Lenâpé, Folk-lore of the, 181;
    • derivation of, 183.
  • Lenâpé dialect, pronunciation of, 189;
  • Letters, single, significant, 394.
  • Life, the Tree of, 161.
  • Light, the mother of, 119;
  • Lightning, as a deity, 121, 133, 174.
  • Lingoa Geral, of Brazil, 380.
  • Limonite skeletons from Florida, 41.
  • Lineal measures, American, 433 sq.
  • Linguistic stocks, number of in America, 34;
    • origin of, 392.
  • Lithuanian dialect, the, 316.
  • Lorelei, an American, 178.
  • Love, songs of, 293–7;
    • conceptions of in American languages, 410 sq.;
    • definition of, 432.
  • Lule language, the, 331, 342.
  • Mbaya language, the, 331, 342, 343.
  • Mackenzie River, tribes of, 35.
  • Madrid, Maya MSS. at, 253.
  • Maguey, the, a sacred plant, 88;
  • Maize, origin and extension of, 33.
  • Malayan race, the, 349.
  • Malinalxochitl, an Aztec goddess, 88.
  • Mammoth, remains of, 32.
  • Manabozho, a Chipeway hero, 131, 133.
  • Man, not developed in America, 43;
    • oldest remains of, in America, 53;
    • a singing animal, 284;
    • subdivisions of, 348.
  • Manco Capac, his date, 22.
  • Mandioca, a native food-plant, 33.
  • Manhattan, derivation of, 183.
  • Mani, the Book of Chilan of, 264.
  • Manuscripts in Maya characters, 250.
  • Mapachtepec, hieroglyph of, 222.
  • Maps of Mayas, 438.
  • Markets, Mexican, 449.
  • Marriage song, 460.
  • Masks, used in rites, 114, 187.
  • Mass, the field, 165.
  • Maya language, the, 181, 345;
    • love words in, 420;
    • civilization, 84;
    • witch story, 171;
    • year-counts, 159;
    • phonetic characters, 199,
    • hieroglyphic system, 227, 228;
  • Mayas, ancient, writings and records of, 230–254;
    • earliest ancestors of, 24;
    • the, traditions of, 22;
    • conversion of, 164;
    • folk-lore of, 162;
    • burial customs of, 119;
    • lineal measures of, 434;
    • maps of, 438.
  • Mayacimil, meaning of, 237.
  • Mayapan, ancient city of, 239.
  • Maya-Quiche linguistic stock, 104.
  • Mazahua language, the, 368, 372 sq.
  • Meco language, the, 368.
  • Meconetzin, a name of Quetzalcoatl, 88.
  • Meday magic, figures in, 157.
  • Meda sticks of Chipeways, 228.
  • Medical practice among Delawares, 187.
  • Medicines of the Mayas, 272.
  • Medicine-songs, native, 292.
  • Mengwe, name of Iroquois, meaning of, 184.
  • Merida, ancient ruins at, 26, 233.
  • Messier Mound, the, 80.
  • Messianic hope, among natives, 183.
  • Messou, see Michabo.
  • Meta river, tribes of, 329.
  • Metrical standards, native, 446–8.
  • Mexcalla, an island, 88.
  • Mexi or Mexica, 85, 87.
  • Mexican phonetic writing, 205.
  • Mexitl, an Aztec chief, 88.
  • Mexico, ancient, 23, 84, 88, 282;
    • human remains in, 42.
  • Mexican grammar, 324, 341, 344, 346.
    • See Aztec, Nahuatl.
  • Mexico-Tenochtitlan, 85.
  • Micmacs, mythology of, 130.
  • Michabo, a Chipeway deity, 131, 132–4.
  • Michoacan, 88.
  • Mictlan, the Aztec Hades, 143.
  • Mictlantecutli, the Aztec Pluto, 145.
  • Migration, lines of in America, 44, 45.
  • Minsi tribe, 181;
    • derivation of, 189.
  • Mississippi, the, 74, 77.
  • Mitla, ruins of, 448.
  • Mixteca language, the, 331, 345.
  • Mongolian affinities, alleged, of the American race, 56.
  • Mongolian eye, the, in America, 63.
  • Mongoloid traits in Americans, 38, 39, 56.
  • Monosyllabism in languages, 215.
  • Montejo, Francisco de, 233.
  • Montezuma, his hieroglyphs, 208, 209, 282;
    • his forebodings, 302.
  • Montezuma, Rio de, 86.
  • Months, hieroglyphs of, of Mayas, 265–7.
  • Moon, origin of, 125.
  • Moraines, the line of, in North America, 54.
  • Moteuczomatzin, 283.
  • Mound-Builders, their nationality, 67;
    • their metrical standard, 447.
  • Mounds in Ohio and Mississippi valleys, age of, 27.
  • Mural paintings, of Mayas, 254.
  • Muskokees, 71, 75.
  • Mutsun language, 386 sq.
  • Mythology, interpretations of, 101.
  • Nabula, the book of, 259.
  • Nagualism, in Central America, 170.
  • Nahua ollin, the, 161.
  • Nahuatl hieroglyphs, dictionary of, 210;
    • geographic names, 210;
    • lineal measures, 444.
  • Nahuatl language, 23, 59, 205, 363, 366, 399;
    • love words in, 417.
  • Nahuas, tribes of, 22, 85, 418.
    • See Aztecs, Mexicans.
  • Names, bestowal of, 114.
  • Nanabojoo, a Chipeway hero, 131.
  • Nanahuatl, an Aztec divinity, 116.
  • Nanih Waiya, the Sloping Hill, 80.
  • Nanticokes, native name of, 189.
  • Napiw, a Blackfoot hero, 131.
  • Nasal index in American Indians, 39, 64.
  • Natchez, 71, 77, 78, 463.
  • Navaho language, 394.
  • Nebraska, ancient lake-beds of, 31.
  • Nenaboj, a Chipeway hero, 131.
  • Neolithic period, the, 30, 51.
  • New England Indians, 131.
  • Newfoundland, natives of, 311.
  • New Granada, tribes of, 330;
    • languages, 400.
  • New Jersey, archæology of, 32, 53.
  • New Mexico, ruins in, 25.
  • New York State, earthworks in, 69.
  • Nezahualcoyotl, a chief, 445.
  • Nicaragua, ancient human footprints in, 42.
  • Night, master of the, 113.
  • Nim-ak, meaning of, 113.
  • Nine Waters, river of, 143.
  • Nith songs of Eskimo, 287.
  • Norsemen, myths of, 142.
  • North Pacific coast, tribes of, 65.
  • Northmen, voyages of, 22, note.
  • Nova Scotia, discovered by Northmen, 22.
  • Nun, the celestial river, 137, 139.
  • Numbers, sacred or mystic, 99.
    • See Four, Seven, Twelve, etc.
  • Numerals, deficiency of, 326.
  • Numeration, Maya signs of, 268;
    • words for, 406.
  • Oblique eye as racial trait, 39, 63, 64.
  • Obsidian found in Ohio, 32.
  • Occipital bone in American skulls, 62.
  • Ocelotl, or jaguar, in myths, 128.
  • Ocnakuchil, meaning of 237.
  • Ogier the Dane, 142.
  • Ohio, mounds in, 27, 67–81;
    • obsidian in, 32.
  • Ojibway picture writing, 153, 154.
  • Offogoula, tribe, 77.
  • Ollanta, drama of, 300.
  • Omagua language, 405.
  • Oriental symbols in America, 148 sqq.
  • Origin of language, 317.
  • Orinoco, tribes of, 405.
  • Orizaba, inscribed stone at, 274.
  • Orosi, natives at, 375.
  • Os Incæ, the, in Americans, 62.
  • Osiris, the Egyptian god, 137–140.
  • Otchipwe language, the, 364.
  • Otherness, how expressed, 396.
  • Otomis, or Othomis, the tribe, 117;
    • war songs, 298.
  • Otomi language, the, 59, 366 sq.
  • Ouspie, tribe, 77.
  • Owl, superstitions concerning, 114, 169.
  • Pacaha, a province, 74.
  • Paducas, tribe of, 291.
  • Pah ah tun, Maya deities, 166, 173.
  • Palæoliths, American and other, 48.
  • Palæolithic period, the, 30, 51, 390.
  • Palæolithic man, his habitat, 54;
    • language, 390 sq.
  • Palenque, the ruins of, 26, 84, 126, 254, 448.
  • Palpan, a place name, 87.
  • Pame language, the, 368, 373.
  • Pampas, lacrustine deposits of, 31;
    • skulls from, 40.
  • Papa, name of Quetzalcoatl, 99.
  • Paper of Maya MSS., 253.
  • Paradise, the Aztec, 144.
  • Patagonians, height of, 39.
  • Patine, as a sign of age, 51.
  • Pavant Indians, the, 321.
  • Pawnees, poetry of, 291–2.
  • Pech, a Maya priest, 302.
  • Pennsylvania, ancient works in, 70;
    • Indian names in, 309;
    • relics found in, 53.
  • Penobscots, mythology of, 130.
  • Personality, idea of in language, 320.
  • Peru, ruined cities of, 26.
  • Peruvians, language of, 397;
    • songs of, 300.
  • Peten, Lake, conquest of, 239.
  • Petroglyph, near Orizaba, 274.
  • Philosophy of language, 328.
  • Phonetic elements, origin of, 393.
  • Phonetics of Mexican and Maya writing, 195.
  • Phoneticism in writing, origin of, 216.
  • Picture writing, 213, 231;
  • Pirinda language, the, 368, 372.
  • Pisote, the white, 113.
  • Pleasure, physiological principle of, 285.
  • Pleistocene epoch, human remains in, 29.
  • Plumed serpents, house of, 97.
  • Plummet, unknown in America, 442, 450.
  • Pluto, the Greek god, 141.
  • Poetry, native American, 284 sq.
  • Pokonchi dialect, the, 104, 112.
  • Polished stone, period of, 50.
  • Polychromatic hieroglyphs, 223.
  • Polynesians, alleged migrations of, 18, 43.
  • Polysynthesis, explained, 36, 321, 351 sq.
  • Pontemelo, ancient skull from, 40.
  • Pop, name of a Maya month, 249.
  • Popol Vuh, the, 105 sq.
  • Potato, the, its extension, 33.
  • Pottery, designs on, 157, 159;
    • of Lenâpé, 185.
  • Pound-the-stones, Miss, 179.
  • Prehistoric archæology, 392.
  • Prepositions, in American languages, 345.
  • Pronominal languages, 320.
  • Pronouns, in American languages, 396–8.
  • Proper names, in early times, 218.
  • Prophecies of Mexicans and Mayas, 302.
  • Pueblo Indians, 25, 87.
  • Pulque, liquor made from, 254.
  • Quetzalcoatl, 24, 84 sq.;
    • baths of, 86;
    • absent, 145.
  • Quiches, myths of, 104 sq., 124, 171;
    • dialect of the, 104, 423;
    • king of, 114;
    • lineal measures of, 433;
    • writing of, 228;
    • sacred book of, 105 sq., 171.
  • Qquichua language, the, 346, 365, 425;
    • traditions, 22;
    • love-words in, 425 sq.
  • Qux cah, a sacred name, 116.
  • Qux cho, a sacred name, 116, 120.
  • Qux palo, a sacred name, 116.
  • Ra, the sun-god, 137, 140.
  • Rabbit myths, 112, 132, 179, 276.
  • Races of men, 348.
  • Rain, the gods of, 175.
  • “Rakan,” meaning of, 122.
  • Rattlesnake bites, cure for, 188.
  • “Rax,” in Quiche, meaning of, 118.
  • Raxa-cakulha, a Quiche god, 120.
  • Rebus, method of writing by, 211, 215, 219.
  • Red, as sacred color, 144, 166, 176.
  • Refref, serpent in Egyptian myth, 137.
  • Relative pronouns, in American languages, 346.
  • Religious sentiment, the, 432.
  • Remedies, native, 272.
  • Repetition, in poetry, 285.
  • Reproductive principle, worship of, 119.
  • Rhyme, unknown in native poetry, 285.
  • Ring-cross, the, 158.
  • Rio de Montezuma, 86.
  • Rio de Tula, 86.
  • Ritual of the dead, in Egypt, 139.
  • Rituals of Mayas, 247.
  • River, the celestial and infernal, 137–145.
  • Rock Bluff, skulls from, 40.
  • Rosetta stone, the, 218.
  • St. Augustine, Florida, 74, 75, 77.
  • St. John River, 74.
  • St. Louis, “big mound” at, 81.
  • San Isidro, stone relics from, 391.
  • Sacred book of the Quiches, 105, 107.
  • Saliva, in myths, 124.
  • Salonge, an ogre, 176.
  • Salt, magic power of, 171.
  • Sanscrit language, the, 340, 344, 415;
    • alleged affinity with Nahuatl, 57.
  • Sambaquis, shell heaps in Brazil, 28, 29.
  • Sarbacane, the, 109.
  • Sauteux, language of, 400.
  • Savacon, a Carib deity, 123.
  • Schipka cave, bones from, 390.
  • Sciences of the Mayas, 245.
  • Seminoles, 71, 77.
  • Semitic traditions, supposed in America, 21.
  • Serpent, as sacred animal, 116, 132, 133.
  • Serpent mount, the, 86.
  • Serpent, fabulous, of Mayas, 179.
  • Seven, as sacred number, 124, 129, 171, 439.
  • Seven Caves, land of the, 23.
  • Sex distinctions in grammar, 406.
  • Shell-heaps, the age of, 27;
    • in Florida, Tennessee, Costa Rica, Brazil, 28;
    • in Gulf States, 72.
  • Shooting stars, in myths, 174.
  • Shoshonian family, languages of, 23.
  • Signatures of natives, 234.
  • Skin, color of, in American Indians, 39.
  • Skull, shape of, in Americans, 63.
  • Skulls, types of, in Brazil, 29.
  • Sky, soul of the, 120.
  • Snake-Hill, the, 86.
  • Sodomy, not found in Yucatan, 235.
  • Sonora, languages of, 23.
  • Soto, Hernando de, his expedition, 72, 74.
  • Soul, seat of, 117;
    • food of the, 168;
    • Journey of the, 135–145.
  • Sound-writing, 213, 230.
  • Span, as measure, 441.
  • Speech, earliest form of, 390 sq.
  • Speechless man, 390–392.
  • Spiral, development of the, 159, note.
  • Spittle, as genetic fluid, 124.
  • Squaw, word for, 181.
  • Stars, origin of, 125.
  • Stature of American Indians, 39.
  • Stone, age of, its subdivisions, 50;
    • survivals of, 183.
  • Stone and brick edifices, 25.
  • Stone of the Giants, 274 sq.
  • Stone implements, oldest specimens, 391.
  • Stone, the clear, divination by, 165.
  • Stones, adoration of, 40;
    • column of, 70.
  • Storm, Quiche gods of, 120.
  • Straw bird, the, 179.
  • Sun-god, Aztec myth of, 116;
    • in Yucatan, 167.
  • Sun, origin of, 125;
    • worship in Egypt, 137–140;
    • in America, 146;
    • in picture writing, 156–8.
  • Sun worship in Apalacha, 76;
    • “brother of,” 77, 78;
    • the mother of, 119;
    • four motions of, 157, 161;
    • worship, 170;
    • place of the, 93;
    • creation of, 95;
    • rays of in symbolism, 146, 280.
  • Svastika, the, as a symbol, 148 sqq.
  • Sweat lodge, of Lenâpé, 187.
  • Syllabic writing, 231.
  • Symbols, phonetic, 197;
    • the sacred, in America, 149 sqq.
  • Symbolic writing, 213.
  • Syncope in American languages, 371.
  • Syphilis, sacred associations of, 115, 116, 144.
  • Taensa language, the hoax of, 452 sq.
  • Ta Ki, a Chinese symbol, 148 sqq.
  • Tales, Indian, 182.
  • Tamanaca language, the, 331.
  • Tamaulipas, Sierra of, 295.
  • Tampa Bay, mound at, 75.
  • Tamuch, a Huasteca town, 221.
  • Tarascas, a tribe, 228.
  • Tat Acmo, a Maya deity, 175.
  • Tata Polin, a Maya sprite, 170.
  • Tat Ich, a Maya sprite, 170.
  • Tennessee River, shell heaps on, 28.
  • Tenochtitlan, 25, 85, 100.
  • Tenochtitlan, state of, 23, 283.
  • Teotihuacan, ruins of, 446.
  • Tepeu, sacred name, meaning of, 115.
  • Terminos, Bahia de, 232.
  • Terraba language, the, 375 sq.
  • Tertiary, human remains in, 43.
  • Tezcatlipoca, 85, 90;
    • the black and white, 96;
    • contests of, 98.
  • Tezcuco, State of, 23, 25, 86, 445.
  • Tezcucans, the, 367;
    • philosophy of, 154.
  • Thirteen, as sacred number, 161, 167.
  • T’Ho, native name of Merida, 26.
  • Thought-writing, 213, 230.
  • Three-legged figures, 149.
  • Thunder, in mythology, 174.
  • Tiahuanaco, ruins near, 26.
  • Tiger, as totemic animal, 114, 128.
  • Time, idea of, absent, 404.
  • Time-wheel, Mexican, 160, 161.
  • Timuquana tribe, 75.
  • Tin, use of, 86.
  • Tinné language, 35, 394, 400.
  • Tiribi language, the, 375 sq.
  • Titicaca, Lake, ruins near, 26.
  • Tlacopan, State of, 23, 299.
  • Tlalocan, the Aztec Paradise, 144.
  • Tlalocs, Aztec rain-gods, 144.
  • Tlamapa, hieroglyph of, 225.
  • Tla-pallan, the place of colors, 87.
  • Tlapan, hieroglyph of, 224.
  • Tobacco, its origin and extension, 33.
  • Tollan, 93.
  • Tollanatl, the, 86, 96.
  • Toltecs, supposed mound-builders, 67;
    • their fabulous history, 24, 83–100;
    • their mythical home, 145.
  • Tomahawk, word for, 183.
  • Tomaka, a town, 77.
  • Tonacatecutli, an Aztec god, 96.
  • Tonalan, the sunny place, 93.
  • Topiltzin, king of Tula, 84.
  • Totem marks, as autographs, 234.
  • Totemic deities, 88, 113, 114;
    • divisions of Lenâpé, 189.
  • Tradition, permanence of, in savages, 22.
  • Transitions in verbs, 370.
  • Tree of Life, in Maya and Mexican art, 161.
  • Trenton gravels, objects discovered in, 32, 53.
  • Trepanned skulls from Peru, 188.
  • Trephining, among the Lenâpé, 188.
  • Tribute rolls of ancient Mexicans, 231.
  • Triplicate constitution of things, 154.
  • Triple division of the human race, 57.
  • Triquetrum, as a symbol, 149 sqq.
  • Triskeles, a sacred symbol, 149 sqq.
  • Tucurrique, tribes at, 375.
  • Tula, the story of, 83–100;
    • derivation, 93.
  • Tupi, the language, 323, 343, 380 sq., 400;
    • love words in, 428.
  • Turanian languages, 58.
  • Turtle totem of Lenâpé, 189.
  • Twins, the divine, 125.
  • Twelve, as sacred number, 187.
  • Tzendal dialect, 126.
  • Tzontemoc, Aztec deity, 146.
  • Tzontemoc mictlan tecutli, 278–9.
  • Tzutuhil dialect, the, 104, 434.
  • Ua ua pach, a Maya god, 176.
  • Ucita, a town in Florida, 75.
  • Underworld, the, in Quiche myth, 125;
    • in other tribes, 128.
  • Uniter, the Great, 150.
  • Unwritten languages, study of, 305.
  • Ural-Altaic languages, 58.
  • Ursua, General, expedition of, 239.
  • Usumasinta, river, 126.
  • Ute language, the, 323.
  • Utlatlan, a Quiche city, 124.
  • Vaku, a Quiche god, 123.
  • Valladolid, in Yucatan, 236.
  • Vancouver’s Island, tribes on, 22;
    • black slate from, 32.
  • Vara, Spanish, length of, 436, 446.
  • Verb, the American, 347, 405.
  • Verb, in Algonkin grammar, 190.
  • Vineland, its position, 22, note.
  • Virginia, antiquities of, 70.
  • Virginia, West, Cherokees in, 82.
  • Virgin-mother, the myths of, 95, 96, 124, 125.
  • Visuaires, primitive men were, 408.
  • Vizeitas, tribe, 375.
  • Vowels, permutable, 398;
    • significance of, 394.
  • Vuch, the opossum, etc., 111.
  • Vukub-came, a Quiche god, 124.
  • Vukub-hun-ahpu, a Quiche god, 124.
  • Wampum, use among Lenapé, 188.
  • Warraus, height of, 39.
  • War clubs, 183.
  • War Songs of Aztecs, 299 sq.
  • War-whoop, name for, 184.
  • Way cot, a Maya imp, 178.
  • Weighing, unknown in America, 434, 449.
  • West, as abode of souls, 141–144.
  • West Indies, no palæoliths in, 42, 55;
    • native tribes of, 310.
  • Wetucks, a hero-god, 131.
  • Wheels, of Mayas, for computing time, 264.
  • Wheel-cross, the, 158.
  • White, as sacred color, 113, 132, 166, 186, 188.
  • Wigwams of Lenâpé, 185.
  • Winds, the gods of, 123, 175.
  • Winter-counts, of Dakotas, 139.
  • Wisakketjâk, a Cree hero, 131, 132.
  • Wives, buying, 424.
  • Wooden utensils of Lenâpé, 185.
  • Woods, the Man of the, 176.
  • Words, number of in American tongues, 325.
  • Writing, different methods of, 213, 230.
  • Xbalanque, the Quiche hero-god, 123–129.
  • X bolon thoroch, a Maya imp, 178.
  • X’Kanleox, a Maya goddess, 166.
  • Xibalba, the Quiche Hades, 84, 123–129.
  • Xipacoyan, a river, 86.
  • Xmucane, a Quiche goddess, 118, 119, 122, 124.
  • Xocotitlan, a place name, 93.
  • Xochicalco, hieroglyph of, 282.
  • Xpiyacoc, a Quiche deity, 118, 119, 124.
  • Xquiq, the Virgin mother, 124.
  • X tabai, a Maya sprite, 178.
  • X Thoh Chaltun, a Maya sprite, 178.
  • Yancopek, a Maya imp, 178.
  • Yasous, tribe, 77.
  • Ycasqui, a province, 74.
  • Year counts, of natives, 159, 160.
  • Yellow, symbolism of, 166, 167.
  • Yin and Yang, 151.
  • Yucatan, ancient, 302;
    • folk-lore of, 163;
    • dialects in, 104;
    • civilization of, 84;
    • ruins in, 26;
    • legendary peopling of, 24.
  • Yum cim-il, a Maya divinity, 169.
  • Yurari, the language, 329.
  • Zaki-nim-ak, name of a god, 113.
  • Zaki-nima-tzyiz, 113.
  • Zapote, superstition concerning, 169.
  • Zapotecs, a Mexican tribe, 228.
  • Zaztun, the, of Mayas, 165.
  • Zohol chich, a phantom bird, 179.
  • Zuñis, the, 108.