Essays on Darwinism

INDEX.

• Abiogenesis, note on hypothesis of, 126–132.
• Addison, his opinion about Instinct, 71;
• his description of the brood-hen, 72;
• his account of a hen with brood of ducks, 73;
• on the insensible gradations of species, 74.
• African desert, geological evidence of, 122.
• Anabas scandens, its climbing powers, 28;
• Dr. Day’s opinion thereon, 28, note.
• Androcles, story of, 82.
• Animal mounds, of Wisconsin, 105.
• Ants, slave-making, 29, 69;
• French philosopher’s account of, 73.
• Artificial selection, part of Natural selection, 16.
• Baboons, warfare of, 69.
• Bacon, Lord, his statement about dogs, 75.
• Barbarism, time required for development of, 57.
• Bees, progress of, in cell-making, 25;
• their accuracy overrated, 69, 86.
• Bennett, Mr. A. W., Mathematical test applied by, 168;
• Review by, 173.
• Birds’ nests, reasoning powers employed in construction of, 69, 86;
• compared with human dwellings, 70;
• use of human manufactures in, 71.
• British Association, exploration of Kent’s cavern by, 109.
• Britons, ancient, condition of, 111.
• Brookes, Henry, story of a lion quoted from, 76.
• Brutes, man’s treatment of, 11, 90;
• opinion that God is the soul of, 71;
• compared with men, 74;
• their moral qualities, 75, 88;
• their laws and constitutions, 77;
• their perceptions and emotions, 80;
• language of scripture about, 84;
• motives of pleasure and pain applied to, 88;
• children compared with, 89.
• Cannibalism, 57;
• of British tribes, 112.
• Caterpillars, resembling twigs, 170.
• Chalk, continuous formation of, 117.
• Civilization, its dependence on language and the art of writing, 88.
• Coal-measures, 119–121, 140.
• Columbus, his opinion of the earth’s spherical form condemned, 60, 148.
• Coquand’s Oysters of the Chalk, Professor Flower’s review of, 145, 165.
• Correlation, 17, 166, 176.
• Creation, sudden, not reconcilable with the order of nature, 25;
• theories of, compared, 32;
• prejudice in favour of its suddenness, 63, 64;
• Biblical theory of, 129.
• Creations, many distinct, not warranted by scripture or science, 20, 116, 135;
• special, for special localities, untenable, 21.
• Danes, ancient, food and weapons of, 104.
• Darwin, his account of the development of his theory, 4;
• his calculation about elephants, 13;
• allusion to his theory of Pangenesis, 33;
• his explanation of the fauna and flora of mountain-tops, 46;
• his account of slave-making ants, 69;
• his treatment of geology, 134;
• his chapter on instinct, 163.
• Darwinism, 3–33;
• obscurely anticipated, 2;
• its supporters, 3;
• prejudice against, 4, 152;
• its bearing on the seeming imperfection of nature, 24;
• inconsistent with a recent universal deluge, 31, 34.
• Dawkins, Mr. W. Boyd, lecture on coal by, 143.
• Dawson, Dr., Acadian Geology, 120, 140.
• Day, Dr., paper by, on the Mud-fish and Anabas scandens, 28.
• Denudation, 143.
• Deucalion’s Flood, argument from rebutted, 150.
• Development, theory of, by whom originated and supported, 4;
• opinion of its absurdity, 6;
• facts and principles necessary to, (variation, 7;
• Inheritance and Reversion, 9;
• struggle for life, 11;
• antiquity of the globe, 30;
• freedom of the globe from any recent universal catastrophe, 31);
• application of, to human body and mind, 62, 95;
• time required for, 122;
• not materially affected by hypothesis of spontaneous generation, 127.
• Ducklings, experiment with, 73.
• Earth, immense age of, required by Theory of Development, 30, 67;
• proved by geology, 31, 54, 107, 121;
• popular impression as to age of, 93, 121;
• reckoned by millions of years, 123.
• Egypt, its monuments, 51;
• its chronology, 56, 101.
• Elephant, its sagacity, 3;
• its rate of breeding, 13;
• its different species, 46;
• its memory, 66;
• epithet applied to it by Pope, 74;
• in Devonshire, 112.
• Esquimaux, their ignorance of arithmetic, 103.
• Flint-tools, 109, 111, 113.
• Flood, the Noachian, 34–61;
• historical account of, 38;
• explanation suggested, 41;
• how consistent with Darwinism, 50;
• traditions of a, 58;
• no traces of its universality, 59.
• Food, its influence on the animal and vegetable kingdoms, 12;
• in the competition for life, 22.
• Fossils, an evidence of variation, 20;
• different in different strata, 116;
• time required for vicissitudes of, 119;
• necessary imperfection of, 134;
• their scarcity and abundance, 141;
• numerous chances of loss and destruction for, 146.
• Fuegians, nakedness of, 112, note.
• Galileo, his doctrine of the earth’s motion condemned, 60, 148.
• Genesis, book of, its chronology, 55.
• ‘Genesis of Species,’ by Mr. Mivart, 173.
• Geology, its conclusions, 31, 53;
• imperfection of its record, 133–146.
• Giraffes, 176, 179.
• Glacial Period, its effect on distribution of species, 47.
• Gooseberry, the big, 16.
• Horse, career of, in America, 48;
• its endurance and ambition, 3;
• its intelligence, 66;
• instance thereof, 74;
• its intercourse with man, 80.
• Hypotheses, use of, 131.
• Inheritance, 9;
• at different periods of life, 18.
• Instinct, of bees, 25;
• employment and gradations of, in various animals, 28;
• compared with reason, 62–81, 164;
• fallacious theory of, 67;
• ignored by ducklings, 73;
• fancied excellence of, 86.
• Kent’s cavern, 109–115.
• Language, time required for variations of, 57;
• its influence on mankind, 77, 87;
• origin of, 103.
• Light, rapidity of, 97.
• Limestone, formation of, 109;
• contents of, 115;
• slow formation of, 117;
• Devonian, older than the New Red Sandstone, 118.
• Lindley, Dr., his experiment with immersed vegetables, 143.
• Linnæus, on the common descent of species, 3.
• Lion, its generosity, 3;
• instance of its affection, 76;
• instance of its gratitude, 83;
• in Britain, 112.
• Locke, on the reason of brutes, 74.
• Lubbock, Sir John, ‘Prehistoric Times,’ 54, 104, 107, 112;
• ‘Origin of Civilization,’ 107.
• Lyell, Sir Charles, ‘Principles of Geology,’ 3, 54;
• ‘Antiquity of Man,’ 107;
• ‘Elements of Geology,’ 109.
• Madagascar, its species and genera, 46.
• Malay, compared with the Papuan by Mr. Wallace, 49, 150.
• Man, his destructiveness, 11;
• his likeness to other animals in blood, fibre, and skeleton, 29;
• distribution of his varieties, 48;
• traced back for thousands of years, 51;
• a common origin for all families of, 52;
• his chief endowments, 67;
• compared as a builder with birds, 70;
• his brain and hairless skin, 73;
• his bodily structure, 85;
• his opinion of war, 86;
• real origin of, forgotten, 102.
• Marriage-customs, slow change of, 106.
• Marsupials, 46;
• fossil, 47.
• Matlock Bath, formation of stalagmite at, 110, 114.
• Memory, necessary to intelligence, 66;
• unequal distribution of, 66.
• Miracles, treatment of false ones, 40;
• of the Old Testament, 83.
• Mivart, St. George, Mr., ‘Genesis of Species’ by, 173.
• Mushroom, time required for its growth, 55.
• Mygale, the trap-door spider, its ingenious nest, 29.
• Natural Selection, illustrated by artificial selection, 14;
• the slowness of its movement, 18;
• explains the order of nature, and in part its seeming disorder, 26;
• limits of, propounded by Mr. Wallace, 62.
• Nile, articles in sediment of, 108.
• Origin of life, opinions on, 94.
• Oysters, memory of, 66;
• obscure politics of, 77.
• Palæontology, Lyell’s definition of, 135.
• Papuan, compared with the Malay, 49, 150.
• Parfitt, Mr., on Fossil Sponge Spicules, 136, 139.
• Pengelly, Mr., on pre-historic man, 105;
• exploration of Kent’s cavern by, 109, 110, 113.
• Pigeons, subjected to man’s selection, 14, 16, 17.
• Plants, their struggle for food, 12;
• their movements, 28.
• Pope, his epithet for the elephant, 74.
• Reason, progressive development of, in individual minds, 62, 67;
• that of men, one in kind with the intelligence of brutes, 66, 84;
• helps to, 86.
• Relative terms, 97, 171.
• Religion, development of, 64, 90.
• Reversion, 9;
• limits artificial selection, 17.
• Rudimentary organs, 21.
• Sandstone, New Red, 118.
• Savages, question of their degeneracy, 57;
• brain, skin, and voice of, 78.
• Science, not antagonistic to Christian doctrine, 82, note.
• Scripture, no warrant for distinct creations, 20;
• does not profess to teach Natural Science, 35;
• its use of ordinary language, 36;
• its historical account of the Flood, 38;
• explanation thereof, 41;
• disregard of secondary causes in, 83;
• character of genealogies in, 99;
• mistaken quotation of, 124;
• invidious connection of, with false science, 151;
• supposed opposition between it and Darwinism, 157.
• Species, permanence of, 9;
• some benefited by change of habitat, 21;
• variations of, how advantageous, 27;
• difficulty of collecting all for the Ark, 43;
• distribution of, 45.
• Spencer, Mr. Herbert, his caution about embryonic forms, 19, note;
• his accurate phrase, ‘Survival of the fittest,’ 154;
• his ‘Principles of Biology,’ 161.
• Sponges, not to be hurried, 117;
• range of in geology, 136;
• final cause of, 138.
• Stalagmite, thickness of in Kent’s cavern, 110;
• time required for forming, 113;
• dates carved upon, 115.
• Stratification, uniform order of, 116, 122.
• Struggle for life, 11;
• great fecundity useful to a species in, 24.
• Sylvia Sutoria, the tailor-bird, its nest, 29.
• Tails, rudimentary, in man, 22, 155.
• Tennyson, language of ‘the Brook’ in, 125.
• Theories, when to be accepted, 18.
• Thought, time required for, 64;
• movement of, depending on language, 87.
• Time, immense duration of, required by the Theory of Natural Selection, 30, 67;
• lapse of, 93–125;
• (see Earth, age of);
• inexhaustible, 98, 125.
• Tinière, delta of, 107.
• Tyndal, Professor, on ‘The Minuteness of Waves of Light,’ 97.
• Usher, archbishop, Bible-chronology of, 99, 110.
• Variability, 7;
• objection to, considered, 128.
• Vertebrate, the first, how originated, 158;
• type of, supposed to be connected with cuttle-fish, 161;
• definition of, investigated, 161.
• Vivian, Mr., exploration of Kent’s cavern by, 109.
• Wallace, Mr., his originality recognized, 5;
• his opinion of the limits of Natural Selection, 62;
• his exposure of fallacious views about Instinct, 67;
• his theory of birds’ nests, 69;
• his comparison of birds with men as builders, 70;
• his speculation about the brain of the savage, 78.
• War, in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, 12;
• combination of baboons for, 69;
• comparison of man and other animals engaged in, 86.
• Wasps, their defensive weapon, 25;
• materials used by, 86.
• Whewell, Dr., his remark on Scientific Phraseology, 160.
• Writing, invention of, 103.