FOOTNOTES
[1] XL. 5.
[2] Plutarch, Sulla, 13.
[3] Two Athenian inscriptions (Böckh, C.I.G., I. 409) allude to this restoration.
[4] Plutarch, Pompey, 28.
[5] Epist. II. 2, 45.
[6] Epistolæ ad Diversos, IV. 5, 4.
[7] Paparregopoulos, Ἱστορία τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ Ἔθνους (ed. 4), II. 440, inclines however to the view that their enfranchisement was of earlier date.
[8] Juvenal, I. 73, X. 170. Tacitus, Annales, II. 53-55, 85; III. 38, 63, 69; IV. 13, 30, 43; V. 10.
[9] Mustoxidi, Delle Cose Corciresi, pp. 403, 404, xi.
[10] In 1888 an inscription, containing this proclamation, was found at the Bœotian Karditza. Karolides, note 31 to Paparregopoulos, op. cit. II. 448.
[11] Suetonius, Nero, 19, 22-24.
[12] Tacitus, Historiæ, II. 8, 9.
[13] Pausanias, X. 34.
[14] Ibid. VII. 20.
[15] Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. III. 4; IV. 23; Liber Pontificalis, I. 125, 131, 155.
[16] The passages of Zosimos (I. 29), who says Ἀθηναῖοι μὲν τοῦ τείχους ἐπεμελοῦντο μηδεμιᾶς, ἐξότε Σύλλας τοῦτο διέφθειρεν, ἀξιωθέντος φροντίδος, and of Zonaras (XII. 23) seem to support Finlay’s view that this was not a new wall. Paparregopoulos, op. cit., II. 490, agrees with it.
[17] Hertzberg: Die Geschichte Griechenlands unter der Herrschaft der Römer, III. 79.
[18] Ἄλλος μετά τινος σαφηνείας Θουκυδίδης, μάλιστά γε ἐν ταῖς Σκυθικαῖς ἱστορίαις.—Photios, Cod. 82.
[19] Historici Græci Minores, I. 186-89.
[20] Zonaras, XII. 26.
[21] Trebellius Pollio, Gallien, 13.
[22] Historici Græci Minores, I. 438-40.
[23] A Greek inscription alluding to Jovian may still be read over the west door, but Mustoxidi (Delle Cose Corciresi, pp. 406-7) differs from Spon and Montfaucon in thinking that some other Jovian is meant.
[24] In Eutropium, II. 212 et seq.
[25] Procopios, De bello Vand., I. ch. 22.
[26] Hertzberg thinks it was the bronze statue of Athena Promachos which was carried off. But Gregorovius’ view (Geschichte der Stadt Athen im Mittelalter, I. 49), that given in the text, seems more probable.
[27] Agathias, II. chs. 30, 31.
[28] III. 217 (ed. Bonn).
[29] Menander in Hist. Gr. Min. II. 98.
[30] Hist. Eccles. VI. 10.
[31] Leunclavius, Jus Græco-Romanum, I. 278.
[32] The latest study of this Chronicle is by N. A. Bees in Βυζαντίς, I. 57-105.
[33] Kampouroglos, Ἱστορία τῶν Ἀθηναίων, I. 36-72; Μνημεῖα, I. 41-46.
[34] Schlumberger, Sigillographie de l’Empire Byzantin, 172.
[35] III. 53.
[36] Neroutsos, Χριστιανικαὶ Ἀθῆναι in Δελτίον τῆς Ἱστ. καὶ Ἐθν. Ἑταιρίας, III. 30.
[37] Constantine Porphyrogenitus, III. 217-20.
[38] Ibid. III. 220-24.
[39] Kedrenos (ed. Bonn), II. 170.
[40] Mustoxidi, Delle Cose Corciresi, 409.
[41] Constantine Porphyrogenitus, III. 243.
[42] The two large tombs in the crypt at Hosios Loukas are according to tradition those of Romanos II and Theophano who is known to English readers as the eponymous heroine of Mr Frederic Harrison’s novel. Leo Diakonos (p. 49) calls her “the Laconian”; some say she was of low origin, others of a noble family of Constantinople. I noticed a great number of Hebrew inscriptions at Mistra, near Sparta.
[43] Kedrenos, II. 475, 482, 516, 529; Zonaras (ed. Leipzig), IV. 123; Early Travels in Palestine, 32.
[44] An absolutely historical fact, because the Princes of Achaia claimed to be suzerains of the two Dukes of Athens and Naxos.
[45] G. de Vinsauf, Itin. Ricc. I, II. 24.
[46] Athenische Mitteilungen, XXXIV. 234-36.
[47] Niketas Choniates (ed. Bonn), pp. 840-42.
[48] Geoffroy de Villehardouin, La Conquête de Constantinople (ed. Bouchet), I. 226-32.
[49] Pitra, Analecta sacra et classica, VII. 90, 93.
[50] Marino Sanudo apud Hopf, Chroniques gréco-romanes, p. 101.
[51] Μόνη ἔμβασις, Monemvasia.
[52] Marino Sanudo apud Hopf, Chroniques gréco-romanes, p. 102.
[53] The Chronicle of the Morea, p. 296.
[54] Sanudo apud Hopf, Chroniques gréco-romanes, p. 108.
[55] Βυζαντινὰ χρονικά, II. 427.
[56] Μοῦλος is still Moreote Greek for “a bastard”; in the first part of the word we perhaps have the French gars.
[57] Cantacuzene (ed. Bonn), bk. IV. ch. 13.
[58] Mazaris apud Boissonade, Anecdota Græca, III. 164-78.
[59] Finlay, IV. 267; Ersch und Gruber, LXXXVI. 131-33; Rev. F. Vyvyan Jago in the Archæologia, XVIII. 83 sqq. I am indebted to the courtesy of the Rev. S. Gregory, the present rector of Landulph, for the following copy of the brass plate there:
Here lyeth the body of Theodoro Paleologus
of Pesaro in Italye, descended from ye Imperyall
lyne of ye last Christian Emperors of Greece,
being the Sonne of Camilio ye Sonne of Prosper
the Sonne of Theodoro the Sonne of John ye
Sonne of Thomas, second brother to Constantine
Paleologus the 8th of that name, and last of
yt lyne yt raygned in Constantinople until subdewed
by the Turkes; who married with Mary
ye daughter of William Balls of Hadlye in
Souffolke gent, and had issue 5 children: Theodoro,
John, Ferdinando, Maria, and Dorothy & departed
this lyfe at Clyfton ye 21st January, 1636.
[60] Geschichte Griechenlands vom Beginn des Mittelalters, in Ersch und Gruber’s Allgemeine Encyklopädie, LXXXV. 212, 321, LXXXVI. 24.
[61] Voyaige d’Oultremer, p. 89.
[62] Geschichte Griechenlands, I. 138.
[63] Finlay, I. 338, note.
[64] Ἱστορία τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ Ἔθνους, V. 300 (4th ed.).
[65] Miklosich und Müller, Acta et Diplomata Græca Medii Ævi, V. 155-61.
[66] L. 8096.
[67] P. 275.
[68] L. 8469.
[69] P. 160.
[70] The form Abarinos does not occur in the French, Italian, and Aragonese versions of the Chronicle, because the Franks always called the place port de Junch, or Zonklon, from the rushes which grew there—a name very frequent, in a more or less corrupt form, in the Venetian documents of the thirteenth century, e.g. in that locus classicus for Frankish names the list of depredations by pirates in Greece drawn up in 1278 (Tafel und Thomas, Fontes Rerum Austriacarum, Abth. II. B. XIV. 237).
[71] Pp. 61, 66, 68 (ed. Burckhardt).
[72] Geogr. III. 16.
[73] Geschichte der Halbinsel Morea, I. 188.
[74] Buchon, Nouvelles Recherches, II. i. 332.
[75] Ed. Predelli, II. 231, 248.
[76] Tafel und Thomas, Fontes Rer. Austr. pt. II. vol. XII. 464-88.
[77] Albericus Trium Fontium, Chronicon, II. 439.
[78] A. Dandolo, Chronicon Venetum, apud Muratori, Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, XII. 335; L. de Monacis, Chronicon, p. 143; Magno, apud Hopf, Chroniques gréco-romanes, p. 179.
[79] Miklosich und Müller, Acta et Diplomata Græca Medii Ævi, III. 61.
[80] Innocentii III Epistolæ, XI. 111-113, 238, 240, 252, 256.
[81] Henri de Valenciennes (ed. Paulin Paris), ch. 35.
[82] Sanudo, apud Hopf, Chroniques gréco-romanes, p. 136.
[83] Τὸ Χρονικὸν τοῦ Μορέως, ll. 8071-8092.
[84] Schlumberger, Numismatique de l’Orient latin, p. 382.
[85] Sathas in Annuaire des études grecques, vol. XIII. 122-133.
[86] D’Arbois de Jubainville, Voyage paléographique dans le département de l’Aube, pp. 332-340.
[87] Muntaner, ch. 240; Thomas, Diplomatarium, I. 111; Predelli, Commemoriali, I. 198.
[88] Hist. de’ suoi Tempi, VIII. 50.
[89] Raynaldi, Annales ecclesiastici, V. 22, 23.
[90] Thomas, Dipiomatarium, I. 120-122.
[91] Çurita, Anales de la Corona de Aragon, bk. X. ch. 30.
[92] Τὸ Χρονικὸν τοῦ Μορέως, ll. 8086-8092; Le Livre de la Conqueste, pp. 1, 274.
[93] Rubió y Lluch, Los Navarros en Grecia, p. 309, n. 2; a much more probable explanation, derived from the word bort (“bastard”), than that of Ducange (note to Cinnamus, p. 392), who says that he was so called because our Black Prince had conferred on him the freedom of Bordeaux.
[94] Rubió in Anuari de l’Institut (1907), 253.
[95] La Grèce continentale, 217; Recherches historiques, I. 409.
[96] Ibid., I. 409-10.
[97] St Genois, Droits primitifs ... de Haynaut, I. 337.
[98] Ibid., I. 215.
[99] Mélanges historiques: choix de Documents, III. 240
[100] Lettere di Collegio (ed. Giomo), p. 66.
[101] Hopf, Chroniques gréco-romanes, 178.
[102] Idem, apud Ersch und Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopädie, LXXXV. 321, 360. Cf. J. H. S. XXVIII. 238.
[103] Miklosich und Müller, Acta et Diplomata Græca Medii Ævi, II. 166.
[104] Lampros, Ἔγγραφα (Documents), pp. 305, 324-27.
[105] Lampros, Ὁ τελευταῖος κόμης τῶν Σαλώνων (The Last Count of Salona).
[106] Gregorovius, Briefe, pp. 309, 310.
[107] “Nicolai de Marthono Liber,” in Revue de l’Orient Latin, III. 657.
[108] The earlier fourteenth-century traveller, Ludolf von Suchem, who mentions Athens, did not actually visit it.
[109] Δελτίον τῆς Ἱστορικῆς καὶ Ἐθνολογικῆς Ἑταιρίας (Report of the Historical and Ethnological Society), v. 827.
[110] Predelli, Commemoriali, III. 309.
[111] Cornelio Magni, Relazione, pp. 14, 49.
[112] Buchon, Nouvelles Recherches, II. i. 276.
[113] Michael Laskaris, the Athenian patriot of the fourteenth century, in K. Rhanghaves’ play, The Duchess of Athens, is unhappily a poetic anachronism.
[114] Sathas, Μνημεῖα Ἑλληνικῆς Ἱστορίας (Memorials of Greek History), III. 427.
[115] Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων (Greek Remembrancer), new series, I. 55.
[116] The anonymous traveller (?Domenico of Brescia) who describes Athens about 1466 speaks of the city as “ultimamente murata.” (Mitteilungen des K. deutschen Arch. Instituts, XXIV. 74.)
[117] Tozzetti, Relazione di alcuni viaggi fatti in ... Toscana, V. 439, 440. This letter, dated “Kyriaceo die, iv Kal. Ap.,” fixes the year of the second visit, because March 29 fell on a Sunday in 1444, and we know from another letter, written before June 1444, that Cyriacus left Chalkis for Chios, where the letter about Athens was written, on “v Kal. Mart.” of that year.
[118] Jahrbuch der K. preussischen Kunstsammlungen, IV. 81.
[119] Studi e documenti di Storia e di Diritto, XV. 337.
[120] Jorga in Revue de l’Orient Latin, VIII. 78.
[121] Kampouroglos, Μνημεῖα (Memorials), III. 141. The legend places the scene in a still more romantic spot than Megara—the monastery of Daphni, the mausoleum of the French dukes.
[122] A contemporary note in MS., No. 103 of the Liturgical section of the National Library at Athens, fixes the date as “May 4, 1456, Friday”; but in that year June 4, not May 4, was on a Friday, which agrees with the date of June 1456 given by Phrantzes, the Chronicon breve, the Historia Patriarchica, and Gaddi.
[123] Archivio Storico per le province Napoletane, XXVIII. 203.
[124] De Rossi, Inscriptiones Christianæ Urbis Romæ, II. i. 374.
[125] Spon, Voyage, II. 155, 172.
[126] Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων (Greek Remembrancer), new series, I. 216-18.
[127] The portraits of the six Florentine Dukes of Athens in Fanelli’s Atene Attica are unfortunately imaginary. On the other hand, the figure of Joshua in one of the frescoes at Geraki in Lakonia seems to be intended to portray one of the Frankish barons of that Castle.
[128] Ἱστορία τῆς Πόλεως Ἀθηνῶν κατὰ τοὺς μέσους αἰῶνας (Ἐν Ἀθήναις, Κ. Μπὲκ’ 1904-6.)
[129] Barcelona, L’Avenç, 1906. Cf. Anuari de l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans (1907-8, 1911, 1913-14). Estudis Universitaris Catalans, VIII. (1915).
[130] Vols. XXVII. 3-93, 380-456, 555-634, 771-852; XXVIII. 154-212.
[131] Lampros, op. cit., II. 729; Παρνασσός, VII. 23.
[132] Cod. Palat. 226, f. 122; Lampros, op. cit., I. 421, note.
[133] Pressutti, Regesta Honorii III, II. 304; Les Registres d’Urbain IV, III. 426; Δελτίον τῆς Ἱστορικῆς καὶ Ἐθνολογικῆς Ἑταιρίας, II. 28; Les Registres de Clément IV, I. 214, 245.
[134] Lampros, op. cit., III. 119.
[135] Catalunya a Grecia, pp. 42, 53.
[136] Catalunya a Grecia, pp. 50, 91.
[137] “Geschichte Griechenlands,” in Ersch und Gruber’s Allgemeine Encyklopädie, LXXXVI. 18, 19; Chroniques gréco-romanes, p. 475; Anuari (1911).
[138] Lampros, op. cit., p. 344.
[139] Ibid., pp. 234-6, 238.
[140] Ibid., p. 344.
[141] Ibid., pp. 279, 350.
[142] Ibid., p. 335.
[143] Ibid., p. 283.
[144] Ibid., p. 315.
[145] Ibid., pp. 240, 282, 330.
[146] Geschichte der Stadt Athen im Mittelalter, II. 156, note 1.
[147] Rubió y Lluch, Los Navarros en Grecia, p. 476.
[148] Op. cit., pp. 82-8.
[149] Δελτίον τῆς Ἱστορικῆς καὶ Ἐθνολογικῆς Ἑταιρίας, V. 824-7.
[150] Revue de l’Orient Latin, III. 647-53, 656.
[151] Catalunya a Grecia, pp. 57, 63.
[152] Predelli, Commemoriali, III. 206, 208; Hopf, Chroniques, p. 229; Buchon, Nouvelles Recherches, II. i. 257; Gregorovius, Briefe aus der “Corrispondenza Acciajoli,” p. 308; Chalkokondyles, pp. 145, 213.
[153] Archivio Storico per le province Napoletane, XXVII. 430-1.
[154] Op. cit., II. 747-52; Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων, I. 43-56.
[155] Op. cit., III. 407-9; Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων, I. 216-24.