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Essays on the Microscope / Containing a Practical Description of the Most Improved Microscopes, a General History of Insects, etc., etc. cover

Essays on the Microscope / Containing a Practical Description of the Most Improved Microscopes, a General History of Insects, etc., etc.

Chapter 234: OCTAVO.
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About This Book

A practical manual and natural-history survey that traces the microscope's invention and optical principles, compares improved instruments, and gives detailed guidance on preparing and observing specimens. It introduces Linnaean insect classification, outlines insect life cycles and internal anatomy based on earlier microscopical anatomists, and describes freshwater hydra, vorticella, and hundreds of animalcula found in infusions. The text includes concise catalogs of interesting objects, examinations of the microscopic structure of wood and crystalline salts, and engraved plates that illustrate instruments and specimens to aid observation.


PLATE 1.

T. Milne del. London. Printed for & Published by George Adams N.o 60, Fleet Street, as the act directs. May 20, 1787. Jn. Lodge sc.

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Pl. 2A

  London Printed for & Publish’d by Geo.e Adams N.o 60 Fleet Street May 20th 1787. Goodnight sculp.

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Pl. 2B

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Plate III.

T. Milne del. London. Printed for & Published by George Adams N.o 60, Fleet Street, as the act directs. May 20, 1787. J. Lodge sculp.

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Plate IV.

  London. Printed for & Published by F. Kanmacher, and W. & S. Jones, 135 Holborn as the Act directs, 1.st October 1797. J. Hawksworth Sculp.

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Plate V.

  London Printed for & Publish’d by Geo.e Adams N.o 60 Fleet Street May 20th 1787.  

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Plate VI.

  London Printed for & Publish’d by Geo.e Adams N.o 60 Fleet Street May 20th 1787.  

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Plate 7A.

  London Printed for & Publish’d by Geo.e Adams N.o 60 Fleet Street May 20th 1787.  

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Pl. 7B.

  London Printed for & Publish’d by Geo.e Adams N.o 60 Fleet Street May 20th 1787.  

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Plate VIII.

  London Printed for & Publish’d by Geo.e Adams N.o 60 Fleet Street May 20th 1787.  

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Plate IX.

T. Milne del. London. Printed for & Published by W. & S. Jones, 135 Holborn, & F. Kanmacher Apothecaries Hall, as the Act directs, 1,st December 1797. Jn. Lodge sc.

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Plate X.

  London Printed for & Publish’d by Geo.e Adams N.o 60 Fleet Street May 20th 1787.  

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Plate XI.

T. Milne del. London. Printed for & Published by George Adams, N.o 60 Fleet Street as the act directs. May 20, 1787. J. Lodge sc.

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Plate XII.

T. Milne del. London. Printed for & Published by George Adams, N.o 60 Fleet Street as the act directs. May 20, 1787. Jn.o Lodge sculp.

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Plate XIII.

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Plate XIV.

  London. Printed for & Published by F. Kanmacher, and W. & S. Jones, 135 Holborn, as the Act directs, 1.st November 1797. J. Hawksworth sculp.

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Plate XV.

  London. Printed for & Published by W. & S. Jones, 135 Holborn, and F. Kanmacher, Apothecaries Hall, as the Act directs, November 1.st 1797. J. Hawksworth sculp.

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Plate XVI.

T. Milne del. London Printed for & Published by George Adams, N.o 60, Fleet Street, as the Act directs. May 20, 1787. Jn.o Lodge sc.

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Plate XVII.

  London Printed for & Publish’d by Geo. Adams, 60 Fleet Street, May 20th 1787.  

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Plate XVIII.

  London Printed for & Publish’d by Geo. Adams, 60 Fleet Street, May 20th 1787.  

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Plate XIX.

T. Milne del. London. Printed for & Published by George Adams, N.o 60 Fleet Street, as the act directs. May 20, 1787. Jn.o Lodge sc.

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Plate XX.

T. Milne del. London. Printed for & Published by George Adams, N.o 60 Fleet Street, as the act directs. May 20, 1787. Jn.o Lodge sc.

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Plate XXI.

T. Milne del. London. Printed for & Published by George Adams, N.o 60 Fleet Street, as the Act directs. May 20, 1787. Jn. Lodge sc.

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Plate XXII.

T. Milne del. London. Printed for & Published by George Adams, N.o 60 Fleet Street, as the act directs. May 20, 1787. J. Lodge sc.

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Pl. 23 A.

J. Wigley. Sc. London. Printed for & Published by George Adams, N.o

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Pl. 23.B.

60 Fleet Street, as the act directs. 20 May 1787. Bonles Sc.

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Pl. 24.A.

J. Wigley. Sc. London. Printed for & Published by George Adams, N.o

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Pl. 24.B.

60 Fleet Street, as the act directs. 20 May 1787. Bonles Sc.

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Plate XXV.

T. Milne Delin.t London Published May 1.st 1787. Geo.e Adams N.o 60 Fleet Street.  

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Plate XXVI.

  London Published May 1.st 1787. Geo.e Adams N.o 60 Fleet Street.  

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PLATE XXVII.

T. Milne del. London. Printed for & Published by George Adams, N.o 60 Fleet Street, as the act directs. May 20, 1787. J. Lodge sc.

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Plate XXVIII.

T. Milne del. London. Printed for & Published by George Adams, N.o 60 Fleet Street, as the act directs. May 20, 1787. J. Lodge scu.

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Plate XXIX.

T. Milne del. London. Printed for & Published by George Adams, N.o 60 Fleet Street, as the act directs. May 20, 1787. J. Lodge sc.

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Plate XXX.

  London Printed for & Publishd by Geo.e Adams N.o 60 Fleet Street May 20th 1787.  

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Plate XXXI.

T. Milne del. London. Printed for & Published by George Adams, N.o 60 Fleet Street, as the act directs. May 20, 1787. Jn. Lodge sc.

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Plate XXXII.

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A
CATALOGUE
OF
Optical, Mathematical, and Philosophical
Instruments,
MADE AND SOLD BY
W. and S. JONES,
[No. 135,]
NEXT FURNIVAL’S-INN, HOLBORN, LONDON.



OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS.

  £. s. d.
Best double-jointed standard gold spectacles, with pebbles, and fish-skin gold-mounted case 16 16 0
Ditto single-jointed, with ditto case 10 10 0
Best double-jointed silver ditto, with pebbles 1 16 0
Ditto, ditto, with glasses 1 1 0
Best single-jointed, with pebbles 1 8 0
Ditto, with glasses 0 13 0
Best double-jointed steel ditto, with glasses 0 9 0
An improved sort of ditto for ladies 0 10 6
Second best double-jointed steel spectacles, with spring case 0 7 6
Common ditto 0 4 6
Best single-jointed steel spectacles 0 4 6
Second best ditto 0 2 6
Common ditto 0 1 6
Tortoishell spectacles, silver-jointed, with pointed, and other shaped sides, peculiar for their lightness and uninterruption of dressed hair, in morocco leather cases 0 10 6
Ditto, double-jointed frames 0 15 0
Spectacles for eyes that have been couched 0 7 6
Ditto with green glasses for very weak and inflamed eyes, according to the frames, from 6s. to 1 1 0
Ditto for the same purpose, with new contrived portable shades to screen the eyes from candle, or other light 0 15 0
Nose spectacles in silver 0 7 6
Ditto in tortoishell and silver. 0 4 0
Ditto in horn and steel 0 1 6
Spectacle cases in very great variety, from 2d. each to 10 10 0
Concave glasses for short-sighted persons, in horn cases 0 1 6
Ditto in tortoishell, pearl, silver, &c. from 2s. 6d. to 2 2 0
Ditto in new-contrived frames for gentlemen when shooting 0 16 0
Reading and burning glasses, in various mountings, from 1s. to 1 16 0
Convex glasses for watch-makers, engravers, &c. from 1s. to 0 10 6
Gogglers, to guard the eyes from the dust or wind 0 3 0
New green-light shades for the eyes 0 6 6
Opera glasses, in great variety of mountings, from 4s. 6d. to 2 12 6
Ditto, on an improved construction of glasses, plain mounting 1 1 0
Refracting Telescopes of various lengths, from 6s. to 1 16 0
Ditto to use at sea by night, from 1l. 11s. 6d. to 2 12 6
Achromatic stick telescopes of various lengths from 18s. to 4 0 0
The new-improved ditto, with three sliding brass tubes, by which an instantaneous view of the object is obtained, and shuts up very short for the pocket, of one foot in length, in a case 1 11 6
Second best two-drawers, ditto 1 1 0
Twenty inch best three-drawers, ditto 2 12 6
Ditto second best two-drawers 1 10 0
Two feet best three-drawers, ditto 4 4 0
Ditto second best, ditto 3 3 0
Three feet, best four-drawer ditto 6 6 0
Second best ditto 4 4 0
The preceding telescopes, fitted up elegantly with silver or plated tubes, from 2l. 2s. to 21 0 0
Astronomical eye-pieces and portable brass stands for the above, from 10s. 6d. to 2 12 6
The new-improved 212 feet achromatic refractor, on a brass stand, mahogany tube, with two sets of eye-glasses, one magnifying about forty times for terrestrial objects, and the other about seventy-five times for astronomical purposes, packed in a mahogany box 9 9 0
Ditto, ditto, the tube all brass, with three eye-pieces 11 1 6
The 312 feet ditto, ditto, mahogany tube 17 6 6
Ditto, ditto, brass tube 19 8 6
Ditto all in brass, with rack-work motions, &c. 24 3 0
Achromatic perspective glasses for the pocket, in brass, &c. tubes, with a change of eye-glasses, from 12s. to 3 3 0
New-improved ditto, answering the purpose of an opera-glass, with a compass, and helioscope for viewing the sun, from 1l. 3s. to 2 2 0
New-improved achromatic pocket telescope, which, by a small apparatus within its tubes, is readily converted into a compound microscope 3 13 6
An improved portable seven-inch achromatic telescope in brass, with a stand that packs up into the tube of the telescope, adapted for astronomical uses 3 13 6
Reflecting Telescopes, fitted up either upon the Gregorian, Newtonian, or Herschelian principles, with improved wood, or metal stands, and other apparatus for making celestial observations in the most commodious and accurate manner—The general prices are as follow:  
— Fifteen feet in length, the large metal fifteen inches in diameter, from 250l. to 500 0 0
— Twelve feet in length, fourteen inch metal 200 0 0
— Ten feet in length, twelve inch metal 150 0 0
— Eight feet in length, eleven inch metal 140 0 0
— Six feet in length, nine inch metal 100 0 0
— Four feet long, in brass tubes, with portable brass or mahogany framed stands, from 40l. to 100 0 0
Those reflectors that are constructed upon the principles of Newton orHerschel are about twice the above lengths in the tubes. The reflectors upon the usual Gregorian construction are made with the vertical motion upon a new principle, so as to render them more firm and steady while in use, than any reflectors mounted in the old manner.  
A four feet seven inch aperture Gregorian reflector, with the vertical motion upon a new invented principle, as well as apparatus to render the tube more steady in observation; according to the additional apparatus of small speculums, eye-pieces, micrometers, &c. from 70l. to 100 0 0
Three feet long, mounted on a brass stand, common mounting 23 2 0
Ditto with rack work motions, improved mounting, and metals 36 15 0
Two feet long, without rack-work, and with four magnifying powers, improved, 13l. 13s. to 14 14 0
Ditto improved, with rack-work motions 22 1 0
Eighteen inch on a plain stand 8 8 0
Twelve inch ditto 5 5 0
Telescopes of both the above kinds fitted up. with equatorial, &c. motions, micrometers, adjusting, compensating, &c. apparatus, for the most accurate astronomical purposes.  
Common Microscopes, from 2s. 6d. to 1 1 0
Wilson’s single pocket microscopes, from 18s. to 2 12 6
Compound microscopes improved, from 2l. 12s. 6d. to 5 5 0
New improved universal ditto 6 6 0
Ditto with the most complete apparatus 10 10 0
Solar microscopes in brass, improved, from 4l. 14s. 6d. to 6 6 0
The new opake and transparent solar microscopes, with improved apparatus, from 10l. 10s. to 16 16 0
Ditto of a larger size, with additional megalascopic apparatus, from 14l. 14s. to 19 19 0
Ditto, and best compound ditto, packed together in one mahogany box 21 0 0
The Lucernal Microscope, as improved by W. Jones, exhibiting images of opake and transparent objects by night or day, in a manner singularly pleasing, brilliant and distinct, with upwards of 100 objects, proper apparatus, patent lamp, &c. 16 16 0
Ditto combined with a solar, compound, &c. apparatus, forming the most perfect collection of microscopical apparatus 35 14 0
A portable optical apparatus, consisting of a scioptic ball and socket, a solar microscope, Wilson’s microscope, a pocket compound microscope, a pocket telescope, and solar telescope, in mahogany and brass 3 13 6
Pocket microscopes for opake objects, from 16s. to 2 12 6
Botannic microscopes for flowers, &c. from 5s. to 1 11 6
A new universal pocket ditto, adapted to all sorts of objects 1 6 0
Cloth microscopes, from 2s. 6d. to 0 10 6
Magic lanthorns, from 1l. 4s. to 1 8 0
Sliders for ditto in great variety of subjects, each 0 3 6
A new set of moveable painted sliders, shewing the fundamental principles of astronomy, with the real and apparent motions and positions of the planets, stars, &c. &c. accompanied by a proper improved lanthorn, complete 13 13 0
Small magic lanthorns, with twelve sliders complete, at 7s. 6d. 10s. 6d. 12s. and 1 0 0
Ditto with twelve sliders of best English paintings 2 2 0
Optical diagonal machines for viewing prints, from 1l. to 1 11 6
Perspective views in great variety for ditto, each 0 1 6
Scioptic balls and sockets from 10s. 6d. to 1 11 6
An artificial eye in brass, to exemplify the nature of vision 1 11 6
For a description of this instrument, as well as of spectacles, reading-glasses, &c. see the late Mr. G. Adams’s Essay on Vision, 8vo. price 3s. now sold by W. and S. Jones.  
Camera obscuras for the pocket, from 9s. to 1 16 0
A new invented folding ditto, very portable 2 2 0
Large ditto, shutting up like a book, or neat portable chest, the objects represented on paper, from 4l. 14s. 6d. to 8 18 6
Concave and convex glass mirrors, in plain black frames, four, five, six, and seven inches diameter, each 9s. 12s. 14s. and 0 18 0
Eight inches diameter ditto 1 1 0
Nine inches ditto 1 7 0
Ten inches ditto 1 12 0
Twelve inches ditto 2 5 0
Fifteen inches ditto 3 13 6
Eighteen inches ditto 6 6 0
Twenty-one inches ditto 11 11 0
Twenty-four inches ditto 16 16 0
Concave mirrors, ground cylindrically, possessing several curious properties in the deformation of objects, according to the size, from 1l. 1s. to 5 5 0
Concave metal burning mirrors, superior to the glass ones, from 3l. 13s. 6d. to 21 0 0
Glass prisms, plain, or mounted on stands, from 7s. 6d. to 1 11 6
A curious set of optical models, where the rays of light are represented by silken strings, and illustrating the principles of vision, telescopes, prisms, &c. packed in five cases 6 16 6


MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS.

Theodolites of the common construction, and of the best workmanship, from 4l. 4s. to 31 10 0
A portable theodolite, with a telescope, level, and vertical arch 7 7 0
Ditto larger, with parallel plates, &c. divided to two minutes 12 12 0
Ditto with rack-work motions, divisions to a minute 22 1 0
A new-improved theodolite, with two telescopes, and contrivances for every accurate adjustment 36 15 0
A new very portable theodolite, by rack-work, measuring angles with equal accuracy as those of the common large sort, is at the same time applicable for taking altitudes, and is truly adapted for the purpose of levelling 8 8 0
A 4-inch further improved ditto, by which the vertical and horizontal angles are shewn at the same time, with portable staves, &c. 10 10 0
Circumferentors, much used in wood lands, from 2l. 2s. to 4 4 0
An improved ditto, contrived to answer the purposes of a common theodolite, level, altitude instrument, &c. 4 14 6
Surveying crosses or squares, on a staff, from 12s. to 1 11 6
A brass cylindrical ditto, with a staff 0 18 0
Ditto with compass, agate capped needle, &c. 1 11 6
Improved ditto, with rack-work and pinion, and moveable divided limb, making a very portable cross-staff, compass and theodolite in one instrument 2 18 0
Levels of the latest improvements, from 2l. 2s. to 12 12 0
Station staves, with sliding vanes, for levelling 2 12 6
Plane tables, with index, sights, &c. complete, from 3l. 13s. 6d. to 5 5 0
Pentagraphs, by which any person unskilled in drawing may copy plans, surveys, profiles, drawings, &c. in any proportion to the original, from 1l. 16s. to 6 16 6
Perambulators or measuring wheels, from 61. 6s. to 10 10 0
Gunter’s measuring chain, according to strength, from 5s. to 0 11 0
—— navigation scale, from 2s. to 0 4 0
—— ditto improved by Donn, with book of directions 0 5 0
—— ditto improved by Robertson, with brass adjusting screws, &c. being the completest scale of the kind 1 10 0
—— sectors of various lengths, from 2s. to 1 11 6
A new pocket ten inch box sliding rule for solving all sorts of problems in trigonometry, &c. from 2s. 6d. to 0 4 0
Measuring tapes, one, two, three, and four poles, 5s. 7s. 6d. 9s. 0 10 6
Pedeometers for ascertaining distances in walking or riding, of a watch size for the pocket, and also to apply to carriages, from 31. 3s. to 12 12 0
Miner’s compasses, for working in subterraneous grounds, from 10s. 6d. to 1 11 6
Cases of drawing instruments, from 4s. 6d. to 5 5 0
Magazine, or complete collection of every kind of useful drawing instruments, from 5l. 5s. to 35 0 0
A new portable drawing board and seat, the board folds up for the pocket, and the legs of the seat form a walking stick 0 18 0
Proportional compasses, from 1l. 10s. to 3 3 0
Elliptical compasses of various degrees of perfection and utility, from 16s. to 4 14 6
Spiral and elliptical compasses, from 6s. 6d. to 10 10 0
Triangular compasses, by which three points at once may be transferred, from 13s. to 1 5 0
Hair compasses that take extents to a great accuracy 0 7 6
Beam compasses for dividing large circles, projections, &c. from 1l. 1s. to 10 0 0
Bow compasses for describing very small circles, from 2s. 6d. to 0 12 0
Perspective compasses to take angles, &c. from 1l. 5s. to 2 12 6
Parallel rulers of different constructions, from 2s. to 2 12 6
Protractors for laying down angles, from 2s. to 1 1 0
Ditto, with a nonius and moveable limb 2 2 0
Ditto, ditto, with teeth and pinion 4 10 0
Sets of protracting and plotting scales; instruments for dividing lines or transferring divisions on paper. An instrument for describing circles from four to six inches radius, or to the utmost conceivable distance—Gunners callipers—Gunners levels or perpendiculars—Shot gauges—Shell ditto—Gunners quadrants, with a plummet or level, or adjusting screw, &c. and all other instruments for military purposes.  
Hadley’s Quadrants, mahogany, the divisions on wood 1 11 6
Ditto mahogany with ivory arch and nonius, double observation 2 2 0
Ditto, ditto, a brass index, double observation 2 12 6
Ditto, ebony and brass, best glasses, engine divided, &c. 3 0 0
Ebony and brass mounted best sextants, from 4l. 4s. to 8 18 6
Metal ditto, all brass, framed on a principle the least liable to be warped or strained, with adjusting screws, telescopes, and other auxiliary apparatus, the most proper for taking distances accurately, to determine the longitude at sea, &c. 12 12 0
Ditto, second best 8 8 0
A new small 3-inch pocket box sextant to take angles to a minute, from 2l. 2s. to 3 3 0
Artificial horizons, by parallel glasses and quicksilver, to take double altitudes by 1 16 0
Gunter’s quadrant, from 4s. to 1 1 0
Azimuth compasses of different constructions, from 5l. 5s. to 12 12 0
Pocket compasses from 2s. 6d. to 5 5 0
Horizontal sun-dials, in brass, made for any latitude, of four, five, or six inches diameter, divided into five minutes of time, each at 6s. 9s. and 0 12 0
Ditto seven inches 0 16 0
Ditto eight inches, into two minutes 1 4 0
Ditto ten inches, ditto 1 16 0
Ditto twelve inches, ditto 2 10 0
Ditto, fifteen inches, into every minute, thirty-two points of the compass, &c. 4 14 6
Ditto eighteen inches, ditto, ditto, with equation table, &c. 8 8 0
Ditto 2 feet diameter, ditto, ditto 15 15 0
A new universal ditto and equatorial, making a very portable angular instrument, from 8l. 8s. to 31 10 0
Universal ring dials, from 7s. 6d. to 10 10 0
For a general description and representation of the instruments used in surveying, levelling, and other branches of practical geometry, see the late Mr. G. Adams’s Geometrical and Graphical Essays, an improved edition by W. Jones, in two vols, 8vo. 1797, with thirty-five folio copper-plates. Price 14s.


ASTRONOMICAL, &c. INSTRUMENTS.

A portable Transit Instrument, with a cast iron stand, to ascertain the rate of chronometers, the longitude, &c. the axis is twelve inches in length, and the telescope about twenty inches, packed in a case 12 12 0
Ditto, with a brass framed stand, and other additions 20 0 0
Transit instruments of larger dimensions made to order.  
The new Circular Instruments and Equatorials, from 63l. to 180 0 0
Planetariums, shewing the phænomena of the Ptolemaic and Copernican systems, from 7l. 7s. to 50 0 0
Manual orreries of the common construction from 2l. 12s. 6d. to 6 6 0
Jones’s (Wm.) new portable orrery, the tellurian part 1 1 0
Ditto, the planetarium part 1 1 0
Tellurian and planetarium together, making the New Portable Orrery, packed in a neat mahogany box, according to the sizes, from 2l. 12s. 6d. to 5 5 0
An orrery shewing the motions of Mercury, Venus, the Earth and Moon, by wheel-work, the Earth is a 112 inch globe, packed in a box 4 4 0
Other planetariums and orreries in great variety, the motions by wheel-work, exemplifying all the motions and phænomena of all the planets, the Georgium Sidus included, from 40l. to 1000 0 0
Cometariums, for exemplifying the motion of comets, from 1l. 11s. 6d. to 5 5 0
Senex’s globes improved, twenty-eight inches diameter, mahogany frames, from 25l. to 50 0 0
Twelve inch ditto, improved by Ferguson, with all the new discoveries of Capt. Cooke, &c. with the new hour circles, which supersede all the intended advantages of cumbersome wires, and other appendages, in other globes, mounted in neat mahogany claw-feet frames 5 5 0
Ditto, in common coloured wood frames 3 3 0
Additional price of a compass, and fitting to both globes 0 5 0
A pair of red leather covers for the globes 0 9 6
Globes, nine inches diameter, with the new discoveries 2 2 0
Ditto, three inches ditto, in claw-feet, mahogany frames 1 10 0
Ditto, three inches single, one in a case for the pocket 0 9 0
Geographical planispheres, to solve problems, mounted as a hand fire-screen 0 7 6
A brass armillary sphere, three inches diameter 3 3 0
A six inch ditto 6 6 0
A nine inch ditto 9 9 0
A twelve inch ditto 12 12 0
Larger ditto, with planetarium, from 21l. to 105 0 0
For a general description of orreries and other astronomical instruments, see the late Mr. G. Adams’s Astronomical Essays, 8vo. with sixteen plates; price 10s. 6d. now sold by W. and S. Jones.


PHILOSOPHICAL, &c. INSTRUMENTS.

A single-barrel Air Pump, with receiver 2 12 6
Improved ditto, exhausting more accurately 5 15 6
A small double-barrel air pump, with gage plate 5 5 0
A middle size ditto 6 16 6
A large size table ditto 10 10 0
Air pumps of the largest sort, exhausting more accurately, from the constructions of the different inventors.  
Condensing engines, from 5l. 5s. to 21 0 0
Papin’s digester improved, on a stand 5 15 6

The principal Apparatus for the Air Pump as follow:

Guinea and feather apparatus, demonstrating the resistance of the air, with one, two, or three falls, from 18s. to 1 11 6
A set of wind-mills, for the same demonstration 1 11 6
The brass hemispheres, shewing the air’s external pressure, from 14s. to 1 10 0
A bell, proving that there is no sound without air 0 10 6
Improved constructions of this bell, from 1l. 1s. to 3 3 0
Lead weights, with bladder, &c. proving the air’s elasticity 0 17 0
The double transferrer, that transfers a vacuum from one receiver to another, by turning stop-cocks only 3 0 0
A model of a water-pump, exemplifying the nature of pumps, and proving the absurdity of what is called suction 1 4 0
A single transferrer, plate and pipe, for a fountain 0 18 0
A copper air-pipe for experiments on infected air 0 17 0
A flat plate, collar of leathers, with sliding wire, for placing on receivers 0 12 0
An apparatus for firing gun-powder in vacuo 0 18 0
A copper bottle, beam and stand, for accurately weighing of air 2 12 6
A glass vessel for making a fountain in vacuo 0 5 6
Ditto on a larger, and different construction 0 16 0
A glass with a bladder, shewing the action of the lungs 0 6 0
Ditto mounted with the figure of a Bacchus 1 10 0
A balance beam and stand 0 7 0
A filtering cup shewing the porosity of vegetables 0 5 0
A plate and piece of wood for the same purpose 0 4 6
An apparatus for striking flint and steel in vacuo 0 18 0
The Torricellian experiment 0 18 0
Fruit stand 0 3 6
Candlestick 0 3 6
Syringe with lead weight 0 10 6
Six breaking squares, cage and cap 0 7 6
Glass bubble and stand 0 3 0
Hand and bladder glasses 0 3 6
With a great variety of receivers, and other apparatus, described by various authors.  
Exhausting and condensing syringes, from 10s. 6d. to 1 11 6
Exhausting syringes, with sets of cupping glasses, breast glasses, and scarificator, complete 4 14 6
Air fountains of copper, with various jets, from 3l. 13s. 6d. to 7 7 0
Electrical Machines, with conductors and jars, from 2l. 12s. 6d. to 10 10 0
New and much improved ditto, from 3l. 13s. 6d. to 42 0 0
Electrical machines and complete apparatus, for medical purposes, packed in boxes, the cylinder from seven to ten inches diameter, from 6l. 6s. to 12 12 0
An electrical machine, with apparatus for philosophical experiments and medical uses, packed in a box, the cylinder about eight inches diameter 8 18 6

Apparatus for Electrical Machines as follow:

Electrical batteries of combined jars, from 2l. 12s. 6d. to 10 10 0
An universal discharger, with a press 1 8 0
A quadrant electrometer, with divided arch 0 7 6
Jointed dischargers, with glass handles 0 10 6
Plain ditto, ditto 0 5 6
An useful and illustrative apparatus, compounded of the luminous conductor, exhausted flask, two jars, exhausted syringe, insulated stand, and wires with balls, &c. complete 3 0 0
Luminous conductors, from 12s. to 1 5 0
Exhausted flasks, called Aurora Borealis 0 6 6
A thunder house, demonstrating the use of conductors 0 6 0
A powder house, for the same purpose 0 16 0
An obelisk or pyramid for ditto 0 10 6
A set of plain bells, three to a set 0 7 6
A new set of musical ditto, containing the gamut 1 10 0
A magic picture for giving shocks 0 7 6
An electrical cannon, to be discharged by inflammable air 0 16 0
Brass pistols for ditto 0 7 6
Spiral tubes, to illuminate by the spark, from 4s. 6d. to 0 10 6
Luminous names, or words, from 10s. 6d. to 1 11 6
Spotted jars, from 6s. to 0 10 6
A double jar for explaining the Franklinian theory 0 15 0
Copper plates and stands for dancing images 0 9 0
An electrical tin fire house 0 10 6
An electrical shooter and mark 0 5 0
A mahogany stand for eggs 0 4 6
A small head with hair 0 7 6
An artificial spider 0 1 6
An electrical swan 0 2 0
An electrical star 0 1 6
Balls of wood, bone, &c. each from 6d. to 0 2 6
A curious collection of working models, to be set in motion by the electrical fluid, consisting of a corn mill and a three-barrelled water-pump, worked by one crank only: an orrery, shewing the diurnal motion of the earth, age and phases of the moon, &c. and astronomical clock, shewing the aspects of the sun and moon, age, phases, &c. all delicately made of card paper, cork, and wire only, packed in a deal case 2 12 6
Kinnersley’s electrical air thermometer 1 1 0
Cavallo’s atmospherical electrometer 0 12 0
Ditto, as improved by Saussure 1 1 0
Bennet’s gold leaf electrometer 0 18 0
Nicholson’s spinning doubler. 1 10 0
An electrophorus, from 10s. 6d. to 3 3 0
Conductors for the preservation of ships, houses, &c. from lightning, from 3l. 3s. to 5 5 0

The medical Apparatus consists of,

Jars with electrometers, from 12s. to 1 1 0
A new medical ditto, for communicating shocks in the most convenient and qualified manner 0 7 6
A pair of directors, glass handles, wood points, &c. 0 7 6
An electrometer to apply to the conductor 0 6 6
Electrical insulated stools and chairs, from 9s. to 5 5 0
A new perpetual inflammable air lamp, lighted by the electrophorus, a curious and useful apparatus 4 4 0
A variety of other apparatus, too numerous to be inserted here, which as well as the machines, are mounted from the most approved, eligible methods, so as to render them in action both powerful and permanent.
For a complete description of electrical apparatus, see the late Mr. G. Adams’s Essay on Electricity, 8vo. six plates; price 6s. now sold by W. and S. Jones.
Barometers plain mounted from 1l. 11s. 6d. to 2 12 6
Thermometers for all the various purposes, from 9s. to 3 3 0
Six’s new thermometers, for shewing the extremes of heat and cold, in the absence of the observer, from 1l. 11s. 6d. to 2 12 6
An hygrometer, shewing the moisture and dryness of the air 0 10 6
Barometers, thermometers, and hygrometers, all in one neat mahogany frame, from 4l. 4s. to 6 6 0
Barometers for measuring the heights of mountains from 7s. to 10 10 0
Marine barometers, diagonal, wheel, and statical ditto.  
New hygrometers constructed by De Luc, &c. from 2l. 2s. to 3 3 0
A rain gauge, with float and tin vessel 0 18 0
Wind gages, of the constructions of Dr. Lind, &c. 0 16 0
Hydrometers for discovering the strength and proportion of compound in spirituous liquors, from 1l. 7s. to 3 3 0
Hydrostatic balances, from 1l. 1s. to 9 9 0
An apparatus for hydrostatical experiments, from 3l. 13s. 6d. to 21 0 0
Artificial magnets in bars, and sets of bars, from 2s. 6d. to 6 6 0
Ditto, in the shape of a horse-shoe, the strongest form, from 1s. 6d. to 1 1 0
Ditto, combined to any number, from 12s. to 21 0 0
A box of magnetical apparatus illustrating a variety of curious and entertaining properties in magnetism, from 5l. 5s. to 7 7 0
Dipping needles, variation, and other compasses, in great variety.  
Pyrometers, shewing the expansion of metals, from 3l. 3s. to 10 10 0
The mechanical powers, for illustrating and demonstrating the laws of motion, gravity, &c. a set neatly made in brass, consisting of the balance, the pullies, the different kinds of levers, the inclined plane, the wheel and axle, the screw, a compound engine, a compound lever, a double cone to move up an inclined plane, friction wheels, weights, wedges, &c. complete 25 4 0
The same occasionally made on a more enlarged plan, for a large auditory.  
Ditto, with many parts of the apparatus made of mahogany, and the whole set packed in a neat mahogany box 14 14 0
Separate sets of pullies, variously constructed and combined.  
A small carriage with inclined plane, and wheels of different sizes, &c. experimentally proving the friction, resistance, &c. of all sorts of wheel carriages 7 7 0
Ferguson’s compound engine, in which all the simple mechanical powers work together 4 4 0
A whirling table, for explaining and demonstrating the laws of the planet’s motion, the demonstrations of the doctrine of the tides, and other properties of gravity and centrifugal force, from 7l. 7s. to 16 16 0
Atwood’s elegant and accurate apparatus for demonstrating the laws of accelerated and retarded motion, and other interesting particulars 25 4 0
Several small mahogany models for explaining the center of gravity, the line of direction, &c. 2 2 0


FOR PHILOSOPHICAL CHEMISTRY.

Glass bottles with bent necks, from 4s. to 0 10 6
A glass machine for impregnating water with fixed air, and apparatus 2 12 6
Glass eudiometer tubes, for ascertaining the salubrity of airs, &c. 0 10 6
Ditto as improved by Abbe Fontana, &c. 2 4 0
Gazometers by Priestley, Lavoisier, &c. from 1l. 1s. to 5 5 0
A blow-pipe, with various caps, for fluxing metals, &c. 0 7 6
Ditto, with silver spoon, megalascope, &c. 1 1 0
Ditto, ditto, with a variety of other necessary apparatus, packed in a fish-skin case, forming Cronstedt’s complete pocket laboratory, improved by Magellan 2 12 6
Magellan’s new portable lamp furnace, with the blow-pipe, small glass retorts, &c. &c. for chemical as well as mineralogical operations 4 14 6
Ditto, with the double bellows to apply to the blow-pipe 7 7 0
Double bellows, with deal table, and appendages, for glass blowing 2 12 6
A wooden tub for water, and another for quick-silver, with a selection of glass apparatus for performing the late discovered experiments on air 6 6 0
A box, containing all the useful precipitants of Bergman, &c. for analysing waters, and fluxes for the blow-pipe in phials with glass stoppers, with Gottling’s printed description of ditto 4 8 0
A mahogany case containing, in phials, a variety of preparations for young persons to perform amusive and instructive chemical experiments 3 13 6
Fumigating bellows for destroying insects in gardens, by tobacco, from 1l. 6s. to 1 16 0

Instruments of Recreation and Amusement.

The sensitive fishes, that have the property of swimming to a piece of bread placed at the end of a stick; and, when the other end is presented, of retreating and going back, sensible, as it were, of no substance for them to eat 0 6 6
The sagacious swan, that with a machine makes three kinds of amusements—1st. the swan will point out the secrets of the cards; 2d. it will point answers to 16 humorous enigmas; and 3d. disclose any particular hour that was thought of, such as going to bed or rising; packed in a case 1 18 0
A box containing four numbers and four letters, the order of which may be discovered, if ever so secretly placed, by means of a curious magic perspective 0 10 0
Ditto with five numbers, no perspective, but another very similar box, made in neat mahogany boxes, and more difficult to discover the reason of 1 18 0
A curious magic oracle, unfolding answers to any proposed questions secretly taken out of a bag 0 16 0
A magic painter, exhibiting a copy of any one of eight different paintings secretly chosen 0 10 6
A communicative mirror, shewing portraits of any one of four secretly chosen; an elegant and curious instrument 2 12 6
A box containing five pieces of different metals, which may any way be secretly placed, and their situation be told by the magical perspective 1 8 0
An optical paradox, containing two perspectives, between which a board may be placed, and the object will be seen through them just as well as if the board was not there 0 7 6
Ditto mounted in mahogany, larger size 1 8 0
An optical deception, containing from six to twelve different paintings, and which are looked down upon through a perspective, and immediately there appears another very different object, without any alteration of the instrument whatsoever, or concern of the person using it, from 1l. 11s. 6d. to 3 3 0
A diagonal opera glass, that shews persons on one side, when the glass is presented to the object directly before you, from 6s. to 0 15 0
A multiplying glass, making one object appear a great number, from 1s. 6d. to 0 10 6
A set of anamorphoses or deformed pictures rectified by a polished cylinder 2 2 0
A mathematical recreation, containing near seventy figures on a card; any one figure being thought of, is readily pointed out by any one using it 0 1 0
The two curious mathematical cubes, one of which is gauged so as to prove it to be larger than the other, yet the larger one will actually pass through the smaller one, and not in any degree stretch it 1 0 0
The mathematical paradox, a piece of wood of one figure, fits exactly, and passes through a triangular, a square, and a circular hole 0 2 6
A double cone, that apparently rolls upwards up an inclined plane, though actually descending 0 4 6
A magic well, in which may be put four buckets full of different seeds, and fairly mixed together; any particular seed of the above four kinds may be drawn up separately, and, when examined, will be found to be perfectly pure 1 11 6
A mechanical instrument, consisting of a cube and two wooden handles, that supports itself on a point, although the entire form and weight appear evidently all on one side 0 12 0
A cylindrical mirror that produces two or three curious optical effects 1 1 0
A magic or electrical bottle, that is charged by the rubbing of a ribband only, and will give a shock to five or six persons, with apparatus, in a pocket case 0 10 6
A set of the artificial fireworks imitated, containing a series of brilliant and entertaining scenes of fireworks, cascades of fire, &c. producing altogether a pleasing effect, and not attended with any trouble, noise, or danger, when using; the whole contained in a neat mahogany box 7 7 0
The magic lanthorn apparatus conjoined with the above 10 10 0
Concave mirrors fitted up in boxes, to magnify prints, to shew various deceptions in an entertaining and pleasing manner, from 5l. 5s. to 12 0 0

Besides the preceding, a great variety of other articles too numerous to be included in this catalogue, as well as any instrumental article made from particular drawings, or as described by the different writers upon mathematics, philosophy, chemistry, &c. &c.

Merchants, shopkeepers, schoolmasters, and others that sell again, are supplied with the best articles, and with good allowance.
Letters from the country or abroad, containing orders or previous enquiries, explicitly and punctually attended to.
Les académies, observatoires et ecoles des pays etrangers ainsi que les négociants, merchands et autres personnes peuvent se procurer toutes sortes d’instruments de la meilleure qualité, tant pour les matériaux, que la main d’œuvre, avec la plus grande expédition, et au plus juste prix.


BOOKS published by W. JONES.

A Description and Use of the New Portable Orrery, to which is prefixed a short account of the solar system, including the new planet, the burning mountain in the moon lately discovered by Dr. Herschel, and the probable reasons why the comet did not appear, as lately expected, with two copper-plates, 4th edition 0 1 6
A Description and Use of the Hadley’s Quadrant, with an account of all the new apparatus added to it, for taking observations accurately, in order to determine the longitude at sea, illustrated by copper-plate figures, 2d edit. 0 1 0
A Description and Use of the Pocket Case of Mathematical Drawing Instruments, illustrated by copper-plate figures 0 0 8
Methods of finding a Meridian Line, to set sun-dials, regulate clocks and watches, &c. 0 0 6
Directions for finding a Meridian Line, on a card 0 0 3
A Concise Explanation of the Barometer, Thermometer, and Hygrometer, with rules for predicting changes in the weather, in a small book, 6d. on a pasteboard, varnished 0 1 0
Cowley’s Illustration of Solid Geometry, containing 42 copper-plates of moveable figures; a work very useful and convenient for teachers and young students of geometry, as the figures, when folded up, form exactly the solid figures of the Platonic bodies, conic sections, and several portions of Euclid’s Elements, &c. &c. boards 0 18 0

Other BOOKS sold by W. and S. JONES.

QUARTO.

The New Encyclopædia Britannica (printed at Edinburgh) a new edition, quarto, in 18 vols, or 36 parts, now complete, in boards price 18 18 0
This Dictionary of Arts and Sciences is upon a new and enlarged plan, and contains the systems of the different arts and sciences, under the different heads, as well as the explanations of the various detached terms.
Hutton’s (Dr.) Mathematical Dictionary, 2 vols. boards 2 12 0
Nicholson’s Philosophical Journal, four numbers, all that are now published, each 2s. 6d. 0 10 0
The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, containing 11 vols. of the Abridgement; and from thence, the Continuation at large to the present time; the index, with Birch’s and Sprat’s history, 5 vols. all in uniform clean calf binding and tooled backs, in 58 vols. 60 0 0
Vince’s Treatise on Astronomy, 1st vol. sewed 1 4 0

OCTAVO.

Cavallo’s Treatise on Magnetism, with Supplement 0 8 0
Kelly’s Practical Introduction to Spherics and Nautical Astronomy 0 6 0
Moore’s Practical Navigator, or Seamen’s Daily Assistant 0 6 0
Nicholson’s First Principles of Chemistry, boards 0 7 6
—— Introduction to Natural Philosophy, 2 vols. 0 12 0
Nautical Almanacks, a complete set bound, 28 volumes 5 5 6
Ditto for any year to 1800 0 3 6
Requisite Tables to the above, unbound 0 5 0
Robertson’s Elements of Navigation, new edit. 2 vols. 1 0 0
Wale’s Method of finding the Longitude by Time-keepers, and Description of a Portable Transit Instrument, &c. 0 2 6