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Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative; Vol. 1 of 3 / Library Edition (1891), Containing Seven Essays not before Republished, and Various other Additions. cover

Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative; Vol. 1 of 3 / Library Edition (1891), Containing Seven Essays not before Republished, and Various other Additions.

Chapter 31: Transcriber's note
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About This Book

A collection of essays that applies evolutionary ideas across natural science, psychology, ethics, aesthetics, and political theory. Early pieces argue for development and naturalistic explanations in biology and cosmology, including discussion of species change and nebular origins; later essays extend evolutionary analysis to mental faculties, moral sentiments, social organization, and comparative psychology. Other essays examine ethical systems, political duties and institutions, and practical social questions such as punishment, prison reform, and public morality, while shorter additions treat style, music, and responses to contemporary critics. The volume blends speculative exposition, scientific argument, and polemic to unify diverse topics under an evolutionary framework.

Transcriber's note

Minor punctuation errors have been changed without notice. Printer errors have been changed and are listed below. All other inconsistencies are as in the original.

The following changes have been made to the text:

Page 21: Was 'heterogeenity' (between man and man which are not regulated by civil and religious law. Moreover, it is to be observed that this increasing heterogeneity in the governmental appliances of each nation, has been accompanied by an)

Page 47: Was multipled (Medicines, special foods, better air, might in like manner be instanced as producing multiplied results. Now it needs only to consider that the many changes thus wrought by one force upon an adult organism, will be)

Page 59: Was Raffaelites (other. The influence which a new school of Painting—as that of the pre-Raphaelites—exercises upon other schools; the hints which all kinds of pictorial art are deriving from Photography; the complex results of)

Page 84: Was 'heretogeneity' (equilibrium. It will have a quite special liability to lapse into a non-homogeneous state. It will rapidly gravitate towards heterogeneity.)

Page 94: Was 'observedcoexistences' (physiology we are unable in many cases to trace this necessary correlation, and are obliged to base our conclusions upon observed coexistences, of which we do not understand the reason, but which we)

Page 97: Was 'Cirrhipœdia' (supposed that every eye must be external. Nevertheless it is a fact that there are creatures, as the Cirrhipedia, having eyes (not very efficient ones, it may be) deeply imbedded within the body. Again, a)

Page 108: Was 'primâ facie' (Inquiring into the pedigree of an idea is not a bad means of roughly estimating its value. To have come of respectable ancestry, is prima facie evidence of worth in a belief as in a person; while to be)

Page 112: Was 'à fortioria' ("The spaces which precede or which follow simple nebulæ," says Arago, "and a fortiori, groups of nebulæ, contain generally few stars. Herschel found this rule to be invariable. Thus every time)

Page 124: Was 'irreconcileable' (stars like those which make up our own Milky Way, is totally irreconcilable with the facts—involves us in sundry absurdities. On the other hand, we see that the hypothesis of nebular condensation)

Page 140: Was 'some thing' (Mars a large error in my calculation had arisen from accepting Arago's statement of his density (0·95), which proves to be something like double what it should be. Here a curious incident may be named. When, in)

Page 216: Was 'representive' (less strange; and among the fish there exists a species of shark, which is the only living representative of a genus that flourished in early geologic epochs. If, now, the modern fossiliferous deposits of Australia)

Page 291: Was 'inbibe' (concentrated and purified nutriment, and distributing it among the component units; but these component units directly imbibe the unprepared nutriment, either from the digestive cavity or from one)

Page 306: Was 'whic hthey' (their units appear and disappear; are broad peculiarities which bodies-politic display in common with all living bodies; and in which they and living bodies differ from everything else. And on carrying out)

Page 359: Was 'not' (mind fitted neither for the kind of life led by the higher of the two races, nor for that led by the lower—a mind out of adjustment to all conditions of life. Contrariwise, we find that peoples of the same)

Page 393: Was 'parenthethic' (Returning from this parenthetic remark, we are concerned here chiefly to remember that, as said at the outset, there existed thirty years ago, no)

Page 411: Was 'hypertropic' (palsy, in a scarcely credible number of cases, are directly dependent on hypertrophic enlargement of the heart." And in other cases, asthma, dropsy, and epilepsy are caused. Now if a result of this)

Footnotes have been moved to end of the chapters. The page number for the correction on Page 140 is the original one, but the link points to the new location.