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Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative; Vol. 3 of 3 / Library Edition (1891), Containing Seven Essays not before Republished, and Various other Additions. cover

Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative; Vol. 3 of 3 / Library Edition (1891), Containing Seven Essays not before Republished, and Various other Additions.

Chapter 20: Advertisements: MR. HERBERT SPENCER’S WORKS.
By Herbert Spencer
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About This Book

A series of essays offers philosophical and sociological reflections on contemporary social life, exploring how personal manners, fashion, and nonconformity relate to political and religious change. Other pieces examine practical institutions and policies — the moral and regulatory questions raised by railways, commerce, prisons, and banking — and assess representative government, parliamentary reform, and the dangers of over-legislation and specialised administration. There is also critical engagement with Kantian ethics and with the idea of absolute political duties, plus essays on collective wisdom, political fetishism, and the processes by which state interventions may erode individual liberty, concluding with observational sketches of a national character.

MR. HERBERT SPENCER’S WORKS.

A SYSTEM OF SYNTHETIC PHILOSOPHY.
8th Thousand.
(WITH AN APPENDIX DEALING WITH CRITICISMS.)
In one vol. 8vo, cloth, price 16s.,
FIRST PRINCIPLES.
CONTENTS.
  • PART I.—THE UNKNOWABLE.
    • 1. Religion and Science.
    • 2. Ultimate Religious Ideas.
    • 3. Ultimate Scientific Ideas.
    • 4. The Relativity of All Knowledge.
    • 5. The Reconciliation.
  • PART II.—THE KNOWABLE.
    • 1. Philosophy Defined
    • 2. The Data of Philosophy.
    • 3. Space, Time, Matter, Motion, and Force.
    • 4. The In­de­struc­ti­bil­ity of Matter.
    • 5. The Continuity of Motion.
    • 6. The Persistence of Force.
    • 7. The Persistence of Relations among Forces.
    • 8. The Transformation and Equivalence of Forces.
    • 9. The Direction of Motion.
    • 10. The Rhythm of Motion.
    • 11. Recapitulation, Criticism, and Recommencement.
    • 12. Evolution and Dissolution.
    • 13. Simple and Compound Evolution.
    • 14. The Law of Evolution.
    • 15. The Law of Evolution, continued.
    • 16. The Law of Evolution, continued.
    • 17. The Law of Evolution, concluded.
    • 18. The Interpretation of Evolution.
    • 19. The Instability of the Homogeneous.
    • 20. The Multiplication of Effects.
    • 21. Segregation.
    • 22. Equilibration.
    • 23. Dissolution.
    • 24. Summary and Conclusion.
4th Thousand.
In two vols. 8vo, cloth, price 34s.
THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY.
CONTENTS OF VOL. I.
  • PART I.—THE DATA OF BIOLOGY.
    • 1. Organic Matter.
    • 2. The Actions of Forces on Organic Matter.
    • 3. The Re-actions of Organic Matter on Forces.
    • 4. Proximate Definition of Life.
    • 5. The Correspondence between Life and its Circumstances.
    • 6. The Degree of Life varies as the Degree of Correspondence.
    • 7. The Scope of Biology.
  • PART II.—THE INDUCTIONS OF BIOLOGY.
    • 1. Growth.
    • 2. Development.
    • 3. Function.
    • 4. Waste and Repair.
    • 5. Adaptation.
    • 6. Individuality.
    • 7. Genesis.
    • 8. Heredity.
    • 9. Variation.
    • 10. Genesis, Heredity, and Variation.
    • 11. Classification.
    • 12. Distribution.
  • PART III.—THE EVOLUTION OF LIFE.
    • 1. Preliminary.
    • 2. General Aspects of the Special-Creation-Hypothesis.
    • 3. General Aspects of the Evolution-Hypothesis.
    • 4. The Arguments from Classification.
    • 5. The Arguments from Embryology.
    • 6. The Arguments from Morphology.
    • 7. The Arguments from Distribution.
    • 8. How is Organic Evolution caused?
    • 9. External Factors.
    • 10. Internal Factors.
    • 11. Direct Equilibration.
    • 12. Indirect Equilibration.
    • 13. The Co-operation of the Factors.
    • 14. The Convergence of the Evidences.
  • APPENDIX.
    • The Spontaneous-Generation Question.
CONTENTS OF VOL. II.
  • PART IV.—MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT.
    • 1. The Problems of Morphology.
    • 2. The Morphological Composition of Plants.
    • 3. The Morphological Composition of Plants, continued.
    • 4. The Morphological Composition of Animals.
    • 5. The Morphological Composition of Animals, continued.
    • 6. Morphological Dif­fer­en­ti­a­tion in Plants.
    • 7. The General Shapes of Plants.
    • 8. The Shapes of Branches.
    • 9. The Shapes of Leaves.
    • 10. The Shapes of Flowers.
    • 11. The Shapes of Vegetal Cells.
    • 12. Changes of Shape otherwise caused.
    • 13. Morphological Dif­fer­en­ti­a­tion in Animals.
    • 14. The General Shapes of Animals.
    • 15. The Shapes of Vertebrate Skeletons.
    • 16. The Shapes of Animal Cells.
    • 17. Summary of Morphological Development.
  • PART V.—PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT.
    • 1. The Problems of Physiology.
    • 2. Dif­fer­en­ti­a­tions between the Outer and Inner Tissues of Plants.
    • 3. Dif­fer­en­ti­a­tions among the Outer Tissues of Plants.
    • 4. Dif­fer­en­ti­a­tions among the Inner Tissues of Plants.
    • 5. Physiological Integration in Plants.
    • 6. Dif­fer­en­ti­a­tions between the Outer and Inner Tissues of Animals.
    • 7. Dif­fer­en­ti­a­tions among the Outer Tissues of Animals.
    • 8. Dif­fer­en­ti­a­tions among the Inner Tissues of Animals.
    • 9. Physiological Integration in Animals.
    • 10. Summary of Physiological Development.
  • PART VI.—LAWS OF MULTIPLICATION.
    • 1. The Factors.
    • 2. À Priori Principle.
    • 3. Obverse à priori Principle.
    • 4. Difficulties of Inductive Verification.
    • 5. Antagonism between Growth and Asexual Genesis.
    • 6. Antagonism between Growth and Sexual Genesis.
    • 7. Antagonism between Development and Genesis, Asexual and Sexual.
    • 8. Antagonism between Expenditure and Genesis.
    • 9. Coincidence between high Nutrition and Genesis.
    • 10. Specialities of these Relations.
    • 11. Interpretation and Qualification.
    • 12. Multiplication of the Human Race.
    • 13. Human Evolution in the Future.
  • APPENDIX.
    • A Criticism on Professor Owen’s Theory of the Vertebrate Skeleton.
    • On Circulation and the Formation of Wood in Plants.
5th Thousand.
(WITH AN ADDITIONAL PART.)
In two vols. 8vo, cloth, price 36s.,
THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY.
CONTENTS OF VOL. I.
  • PART I.—THE DATA OF PSYCHOLOGY.
    • 1. The Nervous System.
    • 2. The Structure of the Nervous System.
    • 3. The Functions of the Nervous System.
    • 4. The Conditions essential to Nervous Action.
    • 5. Nervous Stimulation and Nervous Discharge.
    • 6. Æstho-Physiology.
  • PART II.—THE INDUCTIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY.
    • 1. The Substance of Mind.
    • 2. The Composition of Mind.
    • 3. The Relativity of Feelings.
    • 4. The Relativity of Relations between Feelings.
    • 5. The Revivability of Feelings.
    • 6. The Revivability of Relations between Feelings.
    • 7. The Associability of Feelings.
    • 8. The Associability of Relations between Feelings.
    • 9. Pleasures and Pains.
  • PART III.—GENERAL SYNTHESIS.
    • 1. Life and Mind as Correspondence.
    • 2. The Correspondence as Direct and Homogeneous.
    • 3. The Correspondence as Direct but Heterogeneous.
    • 4. The Correspondence as extending in Space.
    • 5. The Correspondence as extending in Time.
    • 6. The Correspondence as increasing in Speciality.
    • 7. The Correspondence as increasing in Generality.
    • 8. The Correspondence as increasing in Complexity.
    • 9. The Co-ordination of Correspondences.
    • 10. The Integration of Correspondences.
    • 11. The Correspondences in their Totality.
  • PART IV.—SPECIAL SYNTHESIS.
    • 1. The Nature of Intelligence.
    • 2. The Law of Intelligence.
    • 3. The Growth of Intelligence.
    • 4. Reflex Action.
    • 5. Instinct.
    • 6. Memory.
    • 7. Reason.
    • 8. The Feelings.
    • 9. The Will.
  • PART V.—PHYSICAL SYNTHESIS.
    • 1. A Further Interpretation Needed.
    • 2. The Genesis of Nerves.
    • 3. The Genesis of Simple Nervous Systems.
    • 4. The Genesis of Compound Nervous Systems.
    • 5. The Genesis of Doubly-Compound Nervous Systems.
    • 6. Functions as Related to these Structures.
    • 7. Psychical Laws as thus Interpreted.
    • 8. Evidence from Normal Variations.
    • 9. Evidence from Abnormal Variations.
    • 10. Results.
  • APPENDIX.
    • On the Action of Anæsthetics and Narcotics.
CONTENTS OF VOL. II.
  • PART VI.—SPECIAL ANALYSIS.
    • 1. Limitation of the Subject.
    • 2. Compound Quantitative Reasoning.
    • 3. Compound Quantitative Reasoning, continued.
    • 4. Imperfect and Simple Quantitative Reasoning.
    • 5. Quantitative Reasoning in General.
    • 6. Perfect Qualitative Reasoning.
    • 7. Imperfect Qualitative Reasoning.
    • 8. Reasoning in General.
    • 9. Classification, Naming, and Recognition.
    • 10. The Perception of Special Objects.
    • 11. The Perception of Body as presenting Dynamical, Statico-Dynamical, and Statical Attributes.
    • 12. The Perception of Body as presenting Statico-Dynamical and Statical Attributes.
    • 13. The Perception of Body as presenting Statical Attributes.
    • 14. The Perception of Space.
    • 15. The Perception of Time.
    • 16. The Perception of Motion.
    • 17. The Perception of Resistance.
    • 18. Perception in General.
    • 19. The Relations of Similarity and Dissimilarity.
    • 20. The Relations of Cointension and Non-Cointension.
    • 21. The Relations of Coextension and Non-Coextension.
    • 22. The Relations of Coexistence and Non-Coexistence.
    • 23. The Relations of Connature and Non-Connature.
    • 24. The Relations of Likeness and Unlikeness.
    • 25. The Relation of Sequence.
    • 26. Consciousness in General.
    • 27. Results.
  • PART VII.—GENERAL ANALYSIS.
    • 1. The Final Question.
    • 2. The Assumption of Metaphysicians.
    • 3. The Words of Metaphysicians.
    • 4. The Reasonings of Metaphysicians.
    • 5. Negative Justification of Realism.
    • 6. Argument from Priority.
    • 7. The Argument from Simplicity.
    • 8. The Argument from Distinctness.
    • 9. A Criterion Wanted.
    • 10. Propositions qualitatively distinguished.
    • 11. The Universal Postulate.
    • 12. The test of Relative Validity.
    • 13. Its Corollaries.
    • 14. Positive Justification of Realism.
    • 15. The Dynamics of Consciousness.
    • 16. Partial Dif­fer­en­ti­a­tion of Subject and Object.
    • 17. Completed Dif­fer­en­ti­a­tion of Subject and Object.
    • 18. Developed Conception of the Object.
    • 19. Transfigured Realism.
  • PART VIII.—CONGRUITIES.
    • 1. Preliminary.
    • 2. Co-ordination of Data and Inductions.
    • 3. Co-ordination of Syntheses.
    • 4. Co-ordination of Special Analyses.
    • 5. Co-ordination of General Analyses.
    • 6. Final Comparison.
  • PART IX.—COROLLARIES.
    • 1. Special Psychology.
    • 2. Classification.
    • 3. Development of Conceptions.
    • 4. Language of the Emotions.
    • 5. Sociality and Sympathy.
    • 6. Egoistic Sentiments.
    • 7. Ego-Altruistic Sentiments.
    • 8. Altruistic Sentiments.
    • 9. Æsthetic Sentiments.
3rd Edition, revised and enlarged.
In 8vo., cloth, price 21s., Vol. I. of
THE PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY.
CONTENTS.
  • PART I.—THE DATA OF SOCIOLOGY.
    • 1. Super-Organic Evolution.
    • 2. The Factors of Social Phenomena.
    • 3. Original External Factors.
    • 4. Original Internal Factors.
    • 5. The Primitive Man—Physical.
    • 6. The Primitive Man—Emotional.
    • 7. The Primitive Man—Intellectual.
    • 8. Primitive Ideas.
    • 9. The Ideas of the Animate and the Inanimate.
    • 10. The Ideas of Sleep and Dreams.
    • 11. The Ideas of Swoon, Apoplexy, Catelepsy, Ecstacy, and other forms of Insensibility.
    • 12. The Ideas of Death and Resurrection.
    • 13. The Ideas of Souls, Ghosts, Spirits, Demons.
    • 14. The Ideas of Another Life.
    • 15. The Ideas of Another World.
    • 16. The Ideas of Supernatural Agents.
    • 17. Supernatural Agents as causing Epilepsy and Convulsive Actions, Delirium and Insanity, Disease and Death.
    • 18. Inspiration, Divination, Exorcism, and Sorcery.
    • 19. Sacred Places, Temples, and Altars; Sacrifice, Fasting, and Propitiation; Praise and Prayer.
    • 20. Ancestor-Worship in General.
    • 21. Idol-Worship and Fetich-Worship.
    • 22. Animal-Worship.
    • 23. Plant-Worship.
    • 24. Nature-Worship.
    • 25. Deities.
    • 26. The Primitive Theory of Things.
    • 27. The Scope of Sociology.
  • PART II.—THE INDUCTIONS OF SOCIOLOGY.
    • 1. What is a Society?
    • 2. A Society is an Organism.
    • 3. Social Growth.
    • 4. Social Structures.
    • 5. Social Functions.
    • 6. Systems of Organs.
    • 7. The Sustaining System.
    • 8. The Distributing System.
    • 9. The Regulating System.
    • 10. Social Types and Constitutions.
    • 11. Social Metamorphoses.
    • 12. Qualifications and Summary.
  • PART III.—THE DOMESTIC RELATIONS.
    • 1. The Maintenance of Species.
    • 2. The Diverse Interests of the Species, of the Parents, and of the Offspring.
    • 3. Primitive Relations of the Sexes.
    • 4. Exogamy and Endogamy.
    • 5. Promiscuity.
    • 6. Polyandry.
    • 7. Polygyny.
    • 8. Monogamy.
    • 9. The Family.
    • 10. The Status of Women.
    • 11. The Status of Children.
    • 12. Domestic Retrospect and Prospect.
2nd Thousand.
In 8vo, cloth, price 18s. Vol. II of
THE PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY.
(Containing the two following divisions, which may still be had separately.)
In one vol. 8vo, cloth, price 7s.,
CEREMONIAL INSTITUTIONS.
CONTENTS.
  • 1. Ceremony in General.
  • 2. Trophies.
  • 3. Mutilations.
  • 4. Presents.
  • 5. Visits.
  • 6. Obeisances.
  • 7. Forms of Address.
  • 8. Titles.
  • 9. Badges and Costumes.
  • 10. Further Class-Distinctions.
  • 11. Fashion.
  • 12. Ceremonial Retrospect and Prospect.
In one vol. 8vo, cloth, price 12s.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS.
CONTENTS.
  • 1. Preliminary.
  • 2. Political Organization in General.
  • 3. Political Integration.
  • 4. Political Dif­fer­en­ti­a­tion.
  • 5. Political Forms and Forces.
  • 6. Political Heads—Chiefs, Kings, etc.
  • 7. Compound Political Heads.
  • 8. Consultative Bodies.
  • 9. Representative Bodies.
  • 10. Ministries.
  • 11. Local Governing Agencies.
  • 12. Military Systems.
  • 13. Judicial Systems.
  • 14. Laws.
  • 15. Property.
  • 16. Revenue.
  • 17. The Militant Type of Society.
  • 18. The Industrial Type of Society.
  • 19. Political Retrospect and Prospect.
2nd Thousand.
In one vol. 8vo., cloth, price 5s.
ECCLESIASTICAL INSTITUTIONS.
(Being Part VI. of the PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY.)
CONTENTS.
  • 1. The Religious Idea.
  • 2. Medicine-men and Priests.
  • 3. Priestly Duties of Descendants.
  • 4. Eldest Male Descendants as Quasi-Priests.
  • 5. The Ruler as Priest.
  • 6. The Rise of a Priesthood.
  • 7. Polytheistic and Monotheistic Priesthoods.
  • 8. Ecclesiastical Hierarchies.
  • 9. An Ecclesiastical System as a Social Bond.
  • 10. The Military Functions of Priests.
  • 11. The Civil Functions of Priests.
  • 12. Church and State.
  • 13. Nonconformity.
  • 14. The Moral Influences of Priesthoods.
  • 15. Ecclesiastical Retrospect and Prospect.
  • 16. Religious Retrospect and Prospect.
5th Thousand.
WITH AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING AN ADDITIONAL CHAPTER, AND REPLIES TO CRITICISMS.
In one vol. 8vo, cloth, price 8s.,
THE DATA OF ETHICS.
(Being Part I. of the PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS.)
CONTENTS.
  • 1. Conduct in General.
  • 2. The Evolution of Conduct.
  • 3. Good and Bad Conduct.
  • 4. Ways of Judging Conduct.
  • 5. The Physical View.
  • 6. The Biological View.
  • 7. The Psychological View.
  • 8. The Sociological View.
  • 9. Criticisms and Explanations.
  • 10. The Relativity of Pains and Pleasures.
  • 11. Egoism versus Altruism.
  • 12. Altruism versus Egoism.
  • 13. Trial and Compromise.
  • 14. Conciliation.
  • 15. Absolute Ethics and Relative Ethics.
  • 16. The Scope of Ethics.