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Ethics — Part 3

Chapter 7: END OF PART III
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About This Book

The author analyzes human emotions as natural phenomena governed by universal laws, treating them by geometric definitions, axioms, and propositions. Emotions are defined as bodily modifications and their ideas; a distinction is drawn between activity—when causes are adequate—and passion—when causes are inadequate. He argues that the mind is active insofar as it has adequate ideas and passive otherwise, explains the parallel order of mind and body, and rejects simple cartesian mind-over-body causation. The work shows how understanding the causes and relations of affects can increase our power to regulate and transform the passions.

END OF PART III

End of Project Gutenberg's The Ethics [Part III], by Benedict de Spinoza