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Ethnology of the Ungava District, Hudson Bay Territory / Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1889-1890, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1894, pages 159-350 cover

Ethnology of the Ungava District, Hudson Bay Territory / Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1889-1890, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1894, pages 159-350

Chapter 17: Errors and Inconsistencies
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About This Book

The work offers a comprehensive ethnographic and natural account of a subarctic coastal region around Fort Chimo, combining climatic, vegetal and animal descriptions with detailed studies of local indigenous groups. It documents physical traits, social organization, marriage, childrearing, burial, religious beliefs, housing, clothing, tools, hunting and transport, and domestic life, plus games, arts, and festivals. Practical methods for preparing skins, constructing dwellings, and making weapons appear alongside foodways and tobacco use. The volume also records oral literature and origin myths collected from native storytellers, and includes illustrations and measurements to support the observations.

Errors and Inconsistencies

Names and words in indigenous languages may be written as separate syllables (Sû hi´ nĭ myut), in hyphenated form (Sû-hĭ-nĭ-myut), or as unified words (Sûhĭnĭmyut)—sometimes within the same paragraph. These forms have not been regularized.

Inconsistent formatting of figure captions, with or without dash, and inconsistent casing of Index entries, is unchanged.

“They [the Nenenot] assert that their original home was in a country to the west [of the Ungava peninsula], north of an immense river, and toward the east lay an enormous body of salt water. The former was supposed to be the St. Lawrence river and the latter to be Hudson bay.”

This passage is obviously wrong but has been left unchanged rather than guess at the author’s intent.

Variant spellings (in English):

wolverine : wolverene
spelling changes partway through the article, with almost no overlap; the Table of Contents generally does not match the main text

spirt
used consistently

carcases (plural)
more common that “carcasses”

Innuit
always written with double nn

Vocabulary

For comparison purposes, here are some words from the “Koksoagmyut” section of the article, along with the forms used in modern dictionaries (Spalding, based in Aivilik, and Schneider, based partly in Ungava).

myut “literally ‘those that dwell at or in’”

suffix miut, plural of miuq
from description of shaman doll
agówak (part of shaman’s belt) arnguaq (charm, amulet)

ĭnug´-wak, e´nog ang´, inugwak (doll, little man)

inunnguaq: inuk with suffix nnguaq (something that resembles X; a toy X)

kak-cung´-unt “belt of polar-bear skin (kak-cung´-unt)”

(It is unclear whether this word—which is linguistically impossible—is intended for the belt or the skin. The word kauk means the skin of a walrus, or any other thick-skinned animal.)
tu-a´-vi-tok “hastener” verb root tuavik-

tung ak; tung wa´gn “the great spirit”

tuurngaq (spirit, ghost)
from description of “dominoes” game
(The two occurrences of ï in this section may be errors for ĭ, short i.)
Á ma zu´ a lát (name of game) amisuralaaq
“ka miú tik (sled)”

qamutiik (literally a pair of sled runners, qamut);

“kaiak (canoe),
kalé sak (navel),
á ma zut (many)”
qajaq,
qalaasiq,
amisut

“a taú sïk (1), má kok (2), pïng a sut (3), si tá mût (4), and tá li mat (5)

atausi, marruuk, pingasut, sitamat, tallimat

others (in alphabetical order)
á va tuk “large sealskin float” avatuq

iglugiak, ig lú ge ak, iglu gheak (snow house)

may be igluvigaq (snow house, esp. an abandoned snow house)

iti´vûk “the other, farther, distant side (of a portion of land)”

itivik
ka sig yak “harbor seal”

qasigiaq (ranger or freshwater seal)

ki lĭn´ĭk “cut, incised” verb root kiliq-
ki´gĭktag´myut “island people” qikiqtaq

ku-mé-u-tîk “that which removes lice”

based on kumak (louse)
nakvak “meaning ‘found‘”

verb root nagvaaq- (to find by accident)

ohak “often pronounced Okak” uqaq

pŭnŭk “An instrument termed snowknife”

pana

pu-ghu´-tak (dish for oil or food)

puugutaq
sû hi´ nûk (the sun) siqiniq
tass´iyak “like a lake” based on tasiq (lake)
tá hak (shadow) taqaq