Europe in the Middle Ages

Chapter 59: INDEX

Open in WeRead

Explore more books like this:

History - European History - Medieval/Middle Ages

About This Book

A concise chronological survey of medieval Europe that traces Rome's legacy and decline, the spread of Christianity, and the emergence of successor kingdoms. It examines invasions and migrations, the growth of Frankish power, the development of feudal and monastic institutions, the Investiture Controversy, and the Crusades. Subsequent chapters consider the formation of France and Spain, conflicts between empire and papacy, intellectual and religious life, major wars, developments in Italy and northern Europe, the fall of the eastern Roman realm, voyages of discovery, and the cultural changes leading into the Renaissance, with emphasis on institutions, movements, and broad social trends.

INDEX

Aachen, 93, 99, 102, 188.
Abelard, Peter, 208, 209, 211, 347, 349, 354.
Abu Bakr, 68, 74.
Abu Talib, 67, 69, 70.
Adrianople, 38, 332.
Agincourt, 250.
Alaric, 40, 41, 45.
Albert I, 278, 279.
Albigenses, the, 213, 214, 216, 217, 266.
Alboin, 51.
Alcuin, 82, 97, 99.
Aldine Press, 350.
Alessandria, 179.
Alexander II, Pope, 137.
Alexander III, Pope, 179.
Alexander VI, Pope, 361.
Alexius Commenus, 143 et seq.
Alfonso V of Aragon, 315, 361.
Alfonso VIII of Castile, 265, 266.
Alfonso X of Castile, 267, 271.
Alfred the Great, 105, 106, 107, 131.
Almohades, the, 265, 266.
Alsace, 276, 281, 282.
Ambrose, St., 33, 42.
Amerigo Vespucci, 345.
Anagni, 231.
Andrew of Hungary, 293, 313.
Andronicus II, 330.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 105, 113.
Anjou, Charles of, 229, 230, 312.
—, second House of, 314, 361.
Anno, Archbishop, 138.
Anselm, Archbishop, 142.
Antioch, 149.
Aquinas, Thomas, 209, 355.
Arcadius, the Emperor, 39.
Aristotle, 208, 210, 261, 355.
Arius, 30, 31.
Armagnac, 250, 251.
Arnold of Brescia, 211, 212, 326, 347.
Artevelde, Jacob van, 237, 239.
Assize of Clarendon, 163.
Athanaric, 39, 143.
Athaulf, 54.
Athelney, 106.
Athens, Duchy of, 329, 330.
Attila, 44, 45, 145.
Augustine, St., of Canterbury, 52.
Augustine, St., of Hippo, 42, 43, 97, 197, 208, 210, 349, 355.
Augustulus, the Emperor, 46, 363.
Augustus, the Emperor, 2, 4, 6, 9, 20, 98.
Averroës, 261.
Avignon, 232, 316, 317, 318, 321, 322, 323, 356.
B
Babylonish Captivity, 232, 316, 322.
Bacon, Roger, 207, 349.
Badr, battle of, 71.
Bagdad, 87, 146, 151.
Balearic Islands, 268.
Barcelona, 266, 268, 337.
Basil, St., 32.
Bavaria, Duchy of, 89, 91, 133.
Becket, Thomas, 160, 163–5, 202, 215.
Bedford, John, Duke of, 253, 257.
Belisarius, 50.
Benedict, St., 125.
Benedict IX, Pope, 135.
Benedictines, the, 126, 222.
Berengaria of Navarre, 156.
Bernard, King of Italy, 101.
Bernard, St., 126, 128, 129, 152, 153, 154, 209, 212, 214, 219, 347.
Black Death, the, 240, 241, 242.
Blanche of Castile, 217, 223.
Boccaccio, 241, 356.
Boethius, 48, 107.
Bohemia, 277, 317.
Bohemund, 145, 149.
Bologna, University of, 178, 201, 208.
Boniface, St., 88, 89, 98.
Boniface VIII, Pope, 230, 231, 311.
Bouvines, battle of, 169, 187.
Brandenburg, 131, 151.
Breisgau, 281.
Bretigni, Treaty of, 246.
Burgos, 264.
Burgundians, the, 55, 59.
Burgundy, Charles, Duke of, 280 et seq.
Burgundy, John, Duke of, 250, 252.
—, Philip, Duke of, 252, 256, 257.
C
Calais, 240, 248, 249, 257.
Canon Law, 202.
Canossa, 140, 141, 176, 183.
Cantacuzenos, John, 331.
Cape of Good Hope, 341.
Capet, Hugh, 109.
Capet, Odo, 109.
Capitularies, the, 96.
Carinthia, 277.
Carniola, 277.
Carthage, 45, 77, 228.
Carthusians, the, 127, 128.
Castile, 269, 270.
Catalan Company, the, 330.
Catherine, St., of Siena, 320 et seq.
Catherine of Valois, 251.
Caxton, William, 350.
Celestine V, Pope, 310.
Chalons, battle of, 44, 54.
Chambre des Comptes, 233.
Chanson de Roland, 80, 81, 82.
Charlemagne, 78 et seq., 101, 104, 107, 109, 142, 170, 200, 291, 349, 353.
Charles ‘Martel’, 62, 78, 88, 98.
Charles ‘the Bald’, 102, 103, 109.
Charles ‘the Fat’, 103.
Charles ‘the Simple’, 110.
Charles V of France, 245, 247, 248, 249.
Charles VI of France, 250.
Charles VII of France, 251, 252, 254, 256, 257, 258.
Charles VIII of France, 361, 362, 363.
Charles of Durazzo, 314.
Charles IV, the Emperor, 289, 293, 294 et seq., 324, 333, 346.
Chioggia, battle of, 306.
Chloderic, 58.
Chosroes, King, 73, 74.
Cid, the, 263 et seq.
Cimabue, 357.
Cistercians, the, 128, 215.
Civitas Dei, the, 43, 97, 222, 311.
Civitate, battle of, 115.
Clement V, Pope, 232.
Clement VII, Pope, 323.
Clericis Laicos, the Bull, 230.
Clermont, Council of, 147, 148.
Clovis, 57 et seq.
Cluni, 127, 133, 135.
Cnut, King, 108, 287.
Colonna, Stephen, 318.
Columbus, Christopher, 342 et seq., 349, 358, 360.
Comitatus, the, 16, 119.
Commines, Philip de, 280, 351, 362.
Commune, the French, 173, 284.
—, the Italian, 176, 177, 178, 180, 284.
Compostella, 265.
Condottieri, the, 301.
Conrad I, 131.
Conrad III, 152.
Conrad (son of Frederick II), 192.
Conradin, 194, 229, 269, 312.
Conseil du Roi, 233.
Consolations of Philosophy, the, 48, 107.
Constance of Naples, 181, 182, 183.
Constance, Perpetual Peace of, 180.
—, Council of, 324, 325, 326.
Constans II, Emperor, 75.
Constantine ‘the Great’, 27 et seq., 34 et seq.
Constantine ‘Pogonatus’, 75.
Constantine XI, 334 et seq.
Constantinople, 34 et seq., 40, 49, 74, 86, 87, 143, 306, 327, 328, 329, 335, 336, 338, 363.
—, Latin Empire of, 184, 329.
Constitutions of Clarendon, 164.
Cordova, Caliphate of, 260 et seq.
Corpus Juris Civilis, the, 49.
Cortenuova, battle of, 193.
Council of Ten, 304.
Courtrai, battle of, 234.
Creci, battle of, 239, 240.
Crema, 178, 179.
Crusade, the First, 147–50.
—, the Second, 129, 152, 158.
—, the Third, 154–8.
—, the Fourth, 184, 306.
—, the Seventh, 226–7.
—, the Children’s, 226.
Curia, the, 13, 14.
Curia Regis, the, 162.
Curiales, the, 13, 14, 19, 117.
Cyprus, 156, 226.
D
Dagobert, King, 60.
Danegeld, 108.
Danelaw, the, 106.
Dante, 294, 309 et seq., 356.
Danzig, 285, 292.
Decameron, the, 241.
Decretum, the, 202, 209.
Denmark, 108, 287.
Diaz, Bartholomew, 340.
Didier, King, 82–4.
Divina Commedia, 199, 311, 356.
Domesday Book, 113.
Dominic, St., 215, 216, 219.
Donation of Constantine, 85.
Du Guesclin, 247, 272.
Duns Scotus, 355.
E
Eccelin de Romano, 192.
Edessa, 150, 152.
Edward ‘the Confessor’, 111.
Edward ‘the Elder’, 106.
Edward I, 228, 230, 234, 235, 247.
Edward II, 236.
Edward III, 236, 237, 242, 246, 247, 317.
Edward ‘the Black Prince’, 242, 247, 248.
Eginhard, 90, 98.
Eleanor of Aquitaine, 152, 159, 166.
Epicurus, 22.
Erasmus, 351.
Ethelred, ‘the Rede-less’, 107, 108, 109, 111, 286.
F
Faust, Legend of, 350.
Ferdinand I of Aragon, 273.
Ferdinand II of Aragon, 274, 343, 345.
Ferrante of Naples, 361.
Feudalism, 117 et seq.
Flanders, 234, 237, 238, 250, 305, 345.
Florence, 290, 297, 302, 303, 307, 308 et seq., 348, 352, 360, 361.
Francis, St., of Assisi, 217 et seq., 357.
Franks, the, 55 et seq., 83.
Frederick I, ‘Barbarossa’, 154, 178 et seq., 191, 202, 296.
Frederick II, 183, 185, 186 et seq., 203, 210, 224, 226, 276, 296, 308, 315.
Friars, the, 216, 220, 221.
Froissart, 239, 243, 244.
G
Genoa, 145, 187, 284, 305, 306, 307, 329, 337, 338.
Genseric, 43, 45.
Germania, the, 15–17.
Gessler, 278, 279.
Ghibellines, the, 176, 178, 179, 193, 194, 206, 229, 294, 296.
Giotto, 357, 358.
Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of, 253.
Godfrey de Bouillon, 149, 150.
Godwin, House of, 111.
Golden Bull, the, 295.
Goths, the, 31, 104.
Granada, 274.
Grand Council, Venetian, 304.
Granson, battle of, 282.
Gratian, 202.
Greenland, 105.
Gregory, St., 32.
Gregory, St., of Tours, 59.
Gregory I, ‘the Great’, Pope, 52, 53, 107.
Gregory VII, Pope (Hildebrand), 111, 115, 136 et seq., 147, 177, 183, 202, 229.
Gregory IX, Pope, 190, 191, 193, 216.
Gregory XI, Pope, 321, 322.
Grosstete, Bishop, 205.
Guadalete, battle of, 62, 259.
Guelfs, the, 176, 178, 179, 185, 193, 194, 206, 229, 296, 308.
Guienne, Duchy of, 225, 235, 236, 242, 246, 248, 258.
Guiscard, Robert, 116, 141, 145.
Guthrum, King, 106.
Gutenburg, John, 363, 350.
Guy de Lusignan, 153.
H
Hako, King, 206.
Hansa, the, 285 et seq., 348.
Harold ‘the Saxon’, 111, 144.
Haroun al-Raschid, 87, 146.
Hattin, battle of, 153.
Hauteville, House of, 115, 116.
Hawkwood, Sir John, 302, 321, 362.
Henry II of Castile, 247, 271, 272.
Henry IV of Castile, 273.
Henry I of England, 142, 160.
Henry II of England, 159 et seq., 181, 202, 215, 270.
Henry III of England, 204, 205, 221, 225.
Henry IV of England, 249.
Henry V of England, 249, 250, 251, 252.
Henry VI of England, 258.
Henry VII of England, 343.
Henry ‘the Fowler’, 120, 131, 132.
Henry III, the Emperor, 135, 137.
Henry IV, the Emperor, 138 et seq., 176, 177.
Henry VI, the Emperor, 156, 168, 181, 182, 183, 185, 191.
Henry VII, the Emperor, 294, 311, 312, 319.
Henry ‘the Lion’, 178, 179, 181.
Henry ‘the Navigator’, 339, 340.
Heraclius, the Emperor, 73, 75.
Hijrah, the, 69.
Hildebrand. See Gregory VII.
Hohenstaufen, the, 176, 177, 183, 185, 188, 191, 192, 194, 269, 312, 317.
Holy Roman Empire, the, 134, 185, 194, 285.
Holy Roman Republic, the, 318, 320.
Honorius, the Emperor, 39, 40, 41, 54.
Honorius III, Pope, 189, 190.
Hospitallers. See John, Knights of St.
Hundred Years’ War, 236 et seq., 287, 316, 324.
Hungarians, the, 132.
Huns, the, 37, 44, 104.
Huss, John, 324, 325, 326.
Hussite Wars, the, 326.
I
Iceland, 105.
Ingeborg, Queen, 170, 171, 184.
Innocent III, Pope, 168, 170, 171, 183 et seq., 187, 188, 214, 216, 221, 226, 265, 266, 317, 346.
Innocent IV, Pope, 193, 204, 205, 224, 317.
Interregnum, the Great, 229, 271, 284.
Investiture Question, the, 138 et seq.
Irene, the Empress, 86.
Irminsul, the, 88, 90.
Isabel I of Castile, 274, 343, 345.
Isabel, Queen of England, 236.
J
Jacquerie, the, 244.
Jagello of Lithuania. See Ladislas V.
James ‘the Conqueror’, 266–8.
Janissaries, the, 332, 336.
Jeanne d’Arc, 253 et seq., 320.
Jerome, St., 33, 41, 208.
Jerusalem, 75, 114, 147, 150, 153, 157, 190.
—, Latin Kingdom of, 151, 153.
Joanna I of Naples, 293, 313, 314, 333.
Joanna II of Naples, 315.
John II of Castile, 273.
John V, the Emperor, 331, 335.
John II of France, 243.
John, King of England, 167, 168, 169, 170.
John I of Portugal, 339.
John Ducas, 327.
John Hunyadi, 336.
John, Knights of St., 150, 153, 232, 265.
John of Gaunt, 248, 249, 339.
Joinville, 226.
Julian, Count, 77.
Justinian I, 49 et seq., 178.
Justinian II, 76.
K
Ka’bah, the, 66, 67, 72.
Kalmar, Union of, 290.
Khubla Khan, 337.
Koran, the, 68.
Kossovo, battle of, 333, 334.
L
Ladislas of Naples, 315.
Ladislas V of Poland, 292.
Lateran Council, Fourth, 188.
Lazar of Serbia, 333.
Legnano, battle of, 179, 235, 296.
Leo ‘the Isaurian’, 77, 144.
Leo I, Pope, 45, 52.
Leo III, Pope, 85, 86, 97.
Leo IX, Pope, 115, 135, 136.
Leonardo da Vinci, 357 et seq.
Leopold, the Archduke, 156, 167.
Leopold, Duke, 279, 280.
Lex Visigothorum, the, 78.
Limoges, 255.
Lombard League, the, 179, 192, 193, 202.
Lombards, the, 50 et seq., 75, 82, 85.
Lothair, Count, 133.
Lothar, Emperor, 102, 103.
Lotharingia, 103, 133.
Louis ‘the German’, 103.
Louis ‘the Good for Nothing’, 109.
Louis ‘the Pious’, 101.
Louis III of Anjou, 315.
Louis VII of France, 152, 159, 165, 166.
Louis VIII of France, 217, 223, 250.
Louis IX of France, 172, 217, 223 et seq., 233, 312.
Louis XI of France, 258, 274, 281, 302, 361.
Louis XII of France, 300.
Louis ‘the Great’ (of Hungary,) 291, 293 et seq., 313, 314, 324, 332, 333.
Lübeck, 285, 286, 293.
Ludovico ‘Il Moro’, 351, 359, 360 et seq.
Luna, Alvaro de, 273.
M
Machiavelli, 308, 354, 362.
Madeira, 340.
Magna Charta, 158, 168.
Magnum Concilium, 162.
Mahomet, 66 et seq.
Mainz, 89.
Mandeville, Sir John, 338.
Maniaces, 115.
Marcel, Étienne, 245.
Margaret of Denmark, 290.
Martin V, Pope, 326.
Matthew Paris, 205.
Maxentius, Emperor, 27.
Mayfield, the, 83.
Mayor of the Palace, the, 56, 61.
Mecca, 67.
Medici, Cosimo de, 352, 353, 354.
Medici, Lorenzo de, 354, 356, 358, 360.
Medici, Piero de, 360, 361.
Medinah, 70.
Mercia, 106.
Merovingians, the, 55, 60, 62, 64, 95, 103, 109.
Milan, 297, 298 et seq., 303, 308, 315, 351, 352.
—, Edict of, 29.
Minnesingers, the, 200.
Missi, the, 95, 96, 97, 107, 121.
Mohammed II, 334, 336, 338.
Monasticism, 31, 123 et seq., 348.
Montereau, bridge of, 251.
Morat, battle of, 283.
Morgarten, battle of, 280.
Morkere, House of, 111.
Murcia, 267, 268.
N
Narses, 50, 51.
Nanci, battle of, 283.
Naples, 297, 303, 312 et seq., 352, 357, 361.
Navarette, battle of, 247.
Navarre, 266.
Navarre, ‘Charles the Bad’ of, 245.
Navas de Tolosa, battle of, 265.
Nero, Emperor, 9, 25.
Nicholas I, Pope, 144.
Nicholas II, Pope, 115, 136.
Nicholas V, Pope, 352.
Nineveh, battle of, 74.
Nogaret, 231.
Normandy, Duchy of, 108, 110, 169.
Northmen, the, 104 et seq., 109, 114.
Norway, 108.
O
Odo of Bayeux, 113, 149.
Odoacer, 46, 47.
Orkhan, Sultan, 331, 332.
Orleans, 256.
Ostrogoths, the, 46, 47.
Othman, Caliph, 75.
Otto I, the Great, 132 et seq., 142.
Otto IV, 169, 185, 186, 187, 188, 193.
Ottocar of Bohemia, 277, 278.
P
Paleologus, Michael, 306, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331.
Paris, 174, 201, 208.
—, University of, 257.
Parlamento, the, 309.
Parlement de Paris, 233.
Pavia, 82, 84, 85.
Pedro ‘the Cruel’, 247, 248, 271, 272.
Pedro II of Aragon, 266.
Pedro III of Aragon, 268, 269.
Pepin ‘the Short’, 63 et seq., 79, 86.
Perpetual League, the, 277.
Peter III of Aragon, 230.
Peter ‘the Hermit’, 147, 154.
Peter Lombard, 209, 211.
Petrarch, 356.
Philip II ‘Augustus’, 154, 156, 165, 168 et seq., 181, 184, 185, 197, 201, 217, 223, 224.
Philip III of France, 228.
Philip IV of France, 228, 230, 232 et seq., 236.
Philip V of France, 236.
Philip VI of France, 237, 239.
Philip II, the Emperor, 185, 186.
Pisa, 145, 290, 300, 337.
Pisani, 306.
Platonic Academy, the, 354, 356.
Poitiers, 62, 243.
Poland, 291.
Polo, Marco, 337, 338.
Portugal, 266, 339, 343.
Praetorian Guard, the, 18.
Praguerie, the, 258.
Provence, 268, 314, 316, 317.
R
Ravenna, 93, 95, 312.
Ravenna, Exarchate of, 51, 53, 64, 75, 115, 144.
Raymond VI, 213, 215.
Raymond VII, 217.
Remi, St., 57.
Renaissance, the, 346 et seq.
Rhodes, 232.
Richard I, 154–8, 167.
Richard II, 238, 249.
Rienzi, Cola di, 318, 320, 356.
Robert of Naples, 312, 357.
Robert of Normandy, 114, 149.
Roderic, King, 62, 259.
Roger II, 116.
Roger de Flor, 330.
Rollo of Normandy, 110.
Rome, 41, 46, 290, 303, 316 et seq., 352.
Roncesvalles, 81.
Rudolf I, 229, 276, 277, 295.
S
Sacred Months, the, 66, 123.
Saladin, 153 et seq.
Salic Law, the, 56, 96, 236.
Salisbury, Gemot of, 121.
San Germano, Treaty of, 191.
Santa Hermandad, 274.
Santiago, Order of, 265.
Saxons, the, 88 et seq., 130.
Scala, Mastino della, 307.
Schism, the Great, 323.
Scholasticism, 209, 355.
Scutage, 162.
Senlac, battle of, 112.
Sententiae, the, 209.
Serbia, 293, 332, 333, 334.
Sforza, Francesco, 351.
Sforza, Galeazzo Maria, 351.
Sforza, Gian Galeazzo, 361.
Sicilian Vespers, the, 229, 269, 330.
Siena, 320.
Siete Partidas, the, 271.
Sigismund, the Emperor, 294, 324 et seq.
Sigismund of the Tyrol, 281.
Simon de Montfort, 215, 266.
‘Sluggard Kings’, the, 60.
Sluys, battle of, 238.
Spoletum, Duchy of, 83.
Stamford Bridge, battle of, 111.
‘Staple’ Towns, 237.
States-General, 233.
Stephen II, Pope, 64.
Stephen Dushan, 332.
Stephen of England, 122, 160.
Stilicho, 39, 40.
Stralsund, Treaty of, 289.
Strasbourg, the Oath of, 103, 130.
Styria, 277.
Summa Theologiae, the, 210.
Sutri, Synod of, 135.
Swiss Cantons, the, 277, 279, 282 et seq., 296.
T
Tacitus, 4, 15, 17, 25, 54, 119.
Tancred of Sicily, 156, 182.
Tannenberg, battle of, 292.
Tell, William, 279.
Templars, the, 151, 153, 190, 232, 265.
Teutonic Knights, 151, 291 et seq.
Theodora, the Empress, 49.
Theodoric, King, 47, 48.
Theodosius, the Emperor, 33, 39.
Thorn, Treaty of, 292.
Titus, the Emperor, 11, 46.
Toulouse, Counts of, 199, 212.
Trajan, the Emperor, 25.
Troubadours, the, 200.
Troyes, Treaty of, 252.
Truce of God, 123.
Tunis, 227.
Turks, the, 146 et seq., 331 et seq., 338.
U
Urban II, Pope, 145, 147.
Urban VI, Pope, 322.
V
Valdemar III, 287, 288, 289.
Valencia, 261, 264.
Valens, the Emperor, 37, 38.
Valentian, the Emperor, 37.
Vandals, the, 43, 50, 77, 104.
Vasco da Gama, 341, 342, 344, 363.
Venice, 45, 95, 145, 158, 284, 290, 293, 297, 300, 303 et seq., 329, 337, 338, 350, 352.
Verdun, the Partition of, 103.
Vespasian, the Emperor, 9.
Visconti, Bernabò, 299.
Visconti, Filippo Maria, 302, 308, 315, 351.
Visconti, Gian Galeazzo, 299, 300, 302.
Visconti, Valentina, 300.
Visigoths, the, 37, 40, 41, 54, 59, 77.
W
Waldensians, the, 213, 214, 219.
Wedmore, Treaty of, 106.
Wenzel, Emperor, 324.
Wessex, 105, 106.
William I of England, 111, 112 et seq., 121, 137.
William II of England, 114.
Wisby, 288.
Witikind, 90.
Worms, Concordat of, 142.
Wycliffe, 317, 324.
X
Ximenez, Rodrigo, 266.
Y
Yermuk, battle of, 75.
Z
Zeno, Emperor, 47.
Zeno, philosopher, 22.