Europe Since 1918

INDEX

• Aaland Islands, 208
• Abbazia conference, 285, 293
• Abdul Hamid, 479–81
• Abernon, Lord d’, 391, 539, 543
• Adalia, 151
• Adana, 480
• Adrianople, 425, 496
• Afghanistan, 185–6, 475–7
• Albania, 134–5, 145–6, 166, 282, 285, 295, 349, 520, 523
• Albert, King of Belgians, 374, 545
• Alexander, King of Greece, 425, 428
• Alexander, King of Serbia, 278–9, 287–9
• Allenstein plebiscite, 55, 85
• Alsace-Lorraine, 20–1, 79–81, 121, 244, 308, 381, 551
• Ambassadors, Conference of, 243–4, 431, 522
• Angora, 430–1, 447, 454, 456, 495, 500, 503
• Annunzio, G. d’, 206–7, 245, 278, 347, 349, 357
• Antwerp, 370, 372, 374, 376, 381
• Archangel, 182
• Armenia, 35, 151, 155–6, 158, 163, 182, 451–2
• Armenian massacres, 8, 189, 439, 449, 480
• Armistice commission at Spa, 22
• Armistice with Germany, terms of, 14–17, 21–3
• Asquith, H. H., 31, 480, 571
• Austria-Hungary, armistice with, 3, 7, 12, 23–4, 33, 122, 330–3
• Austria, republic of, 261, 266–8, 330–45, 390
• Baker, Ray Stannard, 38, 86, 114–16
• Balfour Declaration, 153
• Balfour, Secretary, 538
• Balfour note on interallied debts, 589
• Balkan states 474, 491, 494
• Baltic republics, 205–30, 295
• Barnes, George, 31, 38
• Barthou, M., 195–6
• Baruch, B. N., 114, 117
• Bauer, Chancellor, 55, 394
• Bela Kun, 319, 322
• Belgium, participation in Peace Conference, 24–5, 42–3, 371–3
• subservient to French policy, 43, 377–80, 537
• dissatisfied with Versailles treaty, 98
• problems internal after World War, 368–85
• exaggerated claims of, 369, 375
• invited to Washington Conference, 510
• joins France in Ruhr occupation, 378, 561–84
• money depreciated, 587
• Benes, Dr. Edouard, 203, 259, 266–8, 270–2
• Berlin, Congress of 1878, 298, 305–7
• Bessarabia, 181, 199, 203, 212, 299–302, 309–310, 520, 605
• Bissolati, Senator, 347
• Bliss, General T. H., 9, 13, 114, 508, 580
• Bolivia, 25
• Bonar Law, Premier, 539–43, 546, 562–3, 575–6
• Bonomi, Premier, 341, 354
• Borah, Senator, 509
• Bosphorus, see Straits
• Boulogne, Conference, 525–6
• Boyden, R. W., 565–6
• Bradbury, Sir John, 539, 543, 565
• Bratiano, Premier, 38, 64–8, 98, 302, 314
• Bratislava, 266
• Brazil, 24, 25, 42
• Briand, Premier, 356, 533, 549, 557
• Britain, see Great Britain
• British Dominions, participation in Peace Conference, 24, 25, 96;
• in world affairs, 593, 608
• British Labor party, against peace of revenge, 31–2
• opposes Ruhr occupation, 571
• Brest-Litovsk, treaty of (1918), 8, 16
• Brockdorff-Rantzau, Count von, 50, 55, 389
• Brusa, 425, 462
• Brusiloff, General, 167
• Brussels Conferences, 525–7, 532–3, 537
• Bucharest, Treaty of (1913) 135–6
• Bucharest, Treaty of (1918), 8, 16
• Bulgaria, armistice with, 3, 4, 7, 331
• accepts Treaty of Neuilly, 69
• loses outlet to Ægean, 135–6
• Macedonia still bone of contention, 136–7, 292–4
• Prosperity not seriously affected by World War, 139–40
• Stambulisky régime in and its overthrow, 141–4, 504
• Revolt against treaty, 144, 294
• Rumania’s relations with, 295 ff.
• Butler, Dr. N. M., 392
• Caillaux, Joseph, 551
• Canada, 38, 42, 83
• Cannes Conference, 533
• Caporetto, 434
• Caucasus republics, 35, 182, 200, 443–4, 449, 452, 473–4, 476–7, 604–5
• Cecil, Lord Robert, 84, 512
• Chamberlain, Austen, 551
• Chanak, 459
• Charles, Hapsburg Emperor, 269, 287
• Chester, Admiral, 503
• Child, Ambassador, 500–1
• China, participation in Peace Conference, 24–5
• Japan’s intentions concerning, 34, 101
• championed, then deserted by Wilson, 48
• refuses to sign Versailles Treaty, 57, 94–5, 180
• renewal of dispute with Russia over Mongolia, 183–4
• invited to Washington Conference, 510
• victim of European imperialism, 499, 515
• “Christian Science Monitor,” 244–5
• Cilicia, 150, 152, 156, 159, 163, 443–4, 452–3
• Clemenceau, Georges, 28–31, 40, 42–3, 50–1, 57, 64–5, 97, 116, 119, 365, 421–2, 565
• Coanda, General, 307
• Colby, Secretary, 243
• Colby note to Russia, 217–24
• Communism, does not attract outside Russia, 173
• failure of in Russia, 172–6;
• in Italy, 349–55;
• in Germany, 388, 394–5;
• in Hungary, 321–2;
• in Serbia, 287–9;
• in Bulgaria, 142
• Constantine, King, 415, 419–20, 428–9, 432, 435
• Constantinople, see Straits
• Continuation conferences, 69, 160, 180, 519–43
• Cordon sanitaire policy, 251
• Crete, 491
• Crimean War, 474
• Cuba, 24–5
• Cuno, Chancellor, 410–12, 574–5, 580
• Curzon, Lord, 184, 364, 457–9, 483, 494, 500–1, 539, 573, 575
• Cyprus, 35, 153, 426, 491
• Czechoslovakia, creation of, 24, 123–5, 257–72, 295, 333
• participation of in Peace Conference, 24–5, 42
• relations with Soviet Russia, 202–3
• disputes with Poland over Teschen, 238–9
• helps Austria, 341
• fears Anschluss, 343
• money depreciated, 587
• Czernin, Count, 259
• Damascus, 206, 475
• Danzig corridor, 80, 86, 237, 270, 284
• Dardanelles, see Straits
• Degoutte, General, 568
• Denikin, General, 182, 192, 194, 212–3, 239, 302
• Denmark, 57, 81–2
• Dmowski, Roman, 43, 233
• Dodecanese, 151, 163, 347, 421, 426, 491
• Dorpat, Peace of, 214
• Ebert, President, 345, 387, 389, 403, 567
• Ecuador, 25
• Egypt, 35, 87, 100, 153, 231, 365, 469, 475–6, 491, 607
• England, see Great Britain
• Entente, Little see Little Entente
• Entente Powers, unpreparedness for peace, 4–6
• organized Peace Conference, 24–6
• secret understandings among, 34–5, 48, 151
• difficulties in agreeing on other treaties after Versailles, 61–3, 69, 205–7
• gain through treaty compromises, 94, 129–30
• sell out Serbia to Italy, 122
• Balkan diplomacy of, 140–41
• attempt to partition Albania, 146
• differ on Near Eastern policy, 150, 469–504
• recognize independence of Hedjaz, 152
• use mandate scheme to distribute German colonies and divide Ottoman Empire, 156–9
• prestige affected by delay of peace with Turkey, 162
• secret oil agreement at San Remo, 163, 524
• attitude toward Soviet Russia, 169–71, 193–7, 527
• intrigues in Baltic States, 201
• attempt to modify Rumanian territorial claims, 302–6
• help Belgium after war, 374
• generally divergent foreign policies of, 521–43
• Epirus, Northern, 163, 421
• Eski Sheïr, 425, 430, 443
• Esthonia, 35, 200–01, 209–10, 212–14, 216–17
• Eupen, 84–5, 373–4
• Facta, Premier, 352, 363
• Fascismo, 327, 352–5, 357–64
• Feisal, Emir, 152, 159
• Ferrero, Signor, 105–6
• Finland, 35, 100, 199–200, 208–9, 219, 230, 295, 590, 587
• Fiume, 33, 48, 80, 86, 100, 122, 206, 278, 281, 283–4, 293, 347, 349, 363, 365, 422, 523
• Foch, Marshal, 15, 25, 50, 116, 529, 532, 544
• Forster, Henry A., 598
• Foster, Sir George, 117
• France, unprepared for peace, 4–5
• participation in Peace Conference, 24, 27–31
• demands against Germany outlined during war, 27
• infeudates Belgium, 42–3, 377–80
• infeudates Poland, 42–3, 79–80, 122, 231–2, 242, 244–7, 250–1, 265, 269, 487, 605–6
• satisfaction with Versailles Treaty, 97–8
• length of Rhineland occupation dependent upon will of, 116–17
• blocks renewal of German expansion to east, 130–1
• aims to become dominant Mediterranean power, 153–4, 364
• hostile to Soviet Russia, 168, 192–4, 197, 269–70
• policy toward Austria, 343
• intrigues against Greece, 421–2
• treaty with Turkish Nationalists, 452–5
• abandons Cilicia, 159, 188, 452–4
• opposes Great Britain in Near East, 469–90
• attitude toward Germany explained, 544–60
• occupies Ruhr, 561–89
• financial weakness of, 587, 591, 595–6
• foreign policy of, 605–7, 609–10
• Franchet d’Espérey, General, 156
• Franklin Bouillon, Senator, 452–4, 460, 483
• Frankfort, Treaty of (1871), 121
• Gade, Commander, 220–23
• Galicia, Eastern, 237–8, 241–4, 295, 328, 520, 604
• Galicia, Western, 237
• Geddes, Sir Eric, 559
• Genoa Conference, 193–7, 270–2, 534–7
• George, King of Greece, 429, 435
• Germany, armistice with, 3–17, 21–3
• did not surrender unconditionally, 19–21, 51
• war responsibility, 8, 23, 33, 50, 54, 73, 77
• blockade continued after armistice, 16, 23, 50
• war prisoners held, 16, 23
• excluded from Peace Conference, 26
• colonies divided among enemies, 34, 374
• required to evacuate Posen on renewing armistice, 46
• internal conditions since the war, 55–6, 386–414
• her Drang nach Osten blocked by Paris treaties, 130, 297
• makes treaty with Russia at Genoa, 194–6
• resists reparation payments, 389–414, 519–543
• passive resistance in Ruhr, 561–84
• France’s fear of, 544–560
• Gibraltar, 154, 484, 487, 489
• Giolitti, 348–51, 352–3, 363
• Gonatas, Colonel, 435, 437
• Gouraud, General, 161, 206
• Great Britain, participation in Peace Conference, 24, 31–33
• against freedom of the seas, 13–14
• insists upon modification of Polish frontiers, 47, 55, 250–1
• Versailles Treaty advantageous to Great Britain, 95–6, 346, 456
• determined to break Germany’s hold on Danubian countries, 130
• policies in Near East, 151–6, 159–63, 469–90
• evacuates Caucasus, 183, 185
• forces treaty on Persia, 185
• makes trade agreement with Soviet Russia, 186
• sends ultimatum to Russia, 199
• policy in Baltic republics, 212–24
• supremacy in Mediterranean contested by Italy, 364, 484
• attitude toward Belgium, 372–3, 379
• refuses to give back to Turkey Mosul, 497–8
• at Washington Conference, 510–16
• attitude toward German reparations, 524–43, 561–3, 565–6
• funds debt to United States, 588–590
• financial obligations of European Allies toward, 591–3
• present foreign policy of, 606–8
• holds raw materials and colonizing areas, 609–10
• Great Powers, former relations to Balkans and Turkey, 148–9
• Greece, participation in Peace Conference, 24–5, 68, 98
• Hellenistic ambitions of, 45, 416–9, 421, 488
• expansion and debacle of, 415–41
• used by Entente in Asia Minor, 155, 161, 422–7, 432
• at Lausanne Conference, 436, 438, 440, 491–504
• depreciated money of, 587
• Grouitch, Dr. Slavko, 279
• Guatemala, 24–25
• Haiti, 24, 25
• Haller, 253–4
• Hamburg, 406, 567
• Hamilton, General Sir Ian. 105
• Hapsburg Empire, succession of, 119–32
• Harding, President, 191, 506–8, 516
• Hedjaz, kingdom of, 24, 25, 151–3, 159, 164–5, 465–6, 475–6, 475, 491, 497, 502
• Hellenism, 416–9, 421;
• see also Greece
• Herriot, Senator, 197
• Hindenburg, Marshal von, 330 388
• Holland, 100, 222, 369–73, 381, 386–7, 510, 559, 572
• Honduras, 24, 25
• Hoover, Herbert, 508, 597
• Horthy, Admiral, 326, 332
• House, Colonel, E. M., 9, 111, 113
• Hughes, Secretary, 458, 508–9, 514
• Hussein, King, 152
• Hungary the new state of, 126, 259, 266–9, 311, 315
• Hymans, 42, 43, 228–9
• Hythe Conference, 525–6
• India, 24, 25, 96, 192, 405–7, 475, 607
• Interallied debts, 518, 520–1, 534, 537–8, 550, 585–98
• Irak, 466
• Ireland, 231, 469
• Ismet Pasha, 493–5, 499–501
• Italy, participates in Peace Conference, 24, 33–4
• against Serbian expansion, 33, 47, 62–3, 122–4, 279–80, 282–85, 292–3, 349, 523
• retires from Peace Conference, 48, 422
• opposition in to Versailles Treaty, 100–1
• driven out of Albania, 146–7, 349, 523
• progressively withdraws from Asia Minor, 161, 453, 459
• Russian policy of, 198, 215, 350
• foreign policy of, 343, 363–6, 424, 487, 539
• intrigues against Greece, 161–2, 421–2, 432–3, 471–2
• at Washington Conference, 510–12
• indebtedness to United States, 537, 590, 592
• demands unhampered access to raw materials and unrestricted immigration, 608–9
• Japan, 24, 34, 42, 101–2, 179–80, 182, 364, 510–18, 579, 608–9
• Jewry, international, 476
• Jews, persecuted in Poland, 253–5
• situation of in Rumania, 305–7
• Jugoslavia, see Serbia
• Kaiser Wilhelm II, flees to Holland, 386–7
• proposed trial of, 32, 77, 371
• Karagach, 496, 504
• Kattowitz, 246–8, 400–1
• Kemal Pasha, see Mustafa Kemal
• Kerensky, A., 167, 170
• Keynes, J. M., 117
• Kiev, 239–40, 302
• Klagenfurt plebiscite, 282
• Knox, Senator, 73–4, 114
• Kolchak, Admiral, 167, 182, 185, 192, 194, 212–3, 239, 302
• Konia, 152, 161
• Korfanty, 400
• Kramar, M., 66, 264
• Krupp von Bohlen, 570
• Lansing, Secretary, 15, 38, 113–5
• Latin America, British investments in, 593
• Lausanne, Conference of, 188, 198–9, 364–6, 415. 436, 438, 440, 448, 451, 461–2, 466, 491–504, 517, 537, 539
• Latin American republics, attitude toward Versailles Treaty, 102–4
• Latvia, 35, 200–1, 209–11, 216–17, 240
• Law, Bonar, 31, 32, 83, 539–43, 546, 562–3, 575–6
• League of Nations, proposed by Wilson, 41
• draft modified, 45
• Wilson defends, 59–60
• exclusion of Germany from, 75–6
• gives British Empire six votes, 96
• France shows no faith in, 97
• imperfectly safeguards Monroe Doctrine, 103
• United States refuses to enter, 106–8 506–7, 522
• Lansing against, 114
• intervenes to settle Serbo-Albanian frontier, 147
• ignores Near Eastern questions, 149–50, 489
• fails to enforce mandatory government in Near East, 157–9, 206, 520
• important to settle Vilna question, 225–8
• helps Austria to get credits, 340
• suggests Brussels Conference, 532
• ignores German protests, 403
• offers membership to Turkey, 431
• champions special rights, 489–90
• Lemburg, 247
• Lenin, 171, 177, 184, 186, 202, 212, 214, 227, 360, 462
• Libau, 209, 215
• Liberia, 24, 25
• Liebknecht, Karl, 388
• Lithuania, 35, 100, 200–1, 207, 209–11, 216–17, 219–29, 233–5, 245–6, 295
• Little Entente, 251, 266–9, 287, 291–2, 326, 460, 605
• Lloyd George, 31, 32–3, 38, 40, 46–47, 116–7, 120, 154–5, 161, 195–6, 279, 356, 365, 395, 421–4, 427, 457–9, 473, 480, 483, 524, 527, 550–3, 538–40, 546, 548–9, 562, 571
• London, continuation conferences in, 523, 530–2, 538–9, 542
• London, Pact of, 24
• London, Treaty of (1839), 370
• London, Treaty of (1913), 449
• London, secret treaty of (1915), 24, 33, 34, 48, 122, 137, 151–2, 346, 364, 487, 523
• Luxemburg, Grand Duchy, 370, 372–3, 380
• Luxemburg, Rosa, 388
• Lvoff, Prince, 167, 170
• Lympne conference, 527–8
• Macedonia, 134, 136–8, 234, 280, 292–4, 476, 479–80, 491
• Maestricht, 371–2
• Malmédy, 84–5, 373–4
• Malta, 487
• Manchuria, 183
• Mandates, see League of Nations
• Marienwerder plebiscite, 55, 85
• Maritza River, 135, 504
• Masaryk, President, 259
• Mecca, see Hedjaz
• Memel, 86, 207, 209, 228–9, 246, 284, 520
• Mesopotamia, British occupation of, 35, 152, 159, 163, 431, 443, 467, 469, 475–6, 491, 607
• Mexico, 593
• Millerand, President, 161, 356
• Minsk, 240
• Mongolia, 183–4
• Monroe Doctrine, 102–4
• Montenegro, incorporated in Serbia, 147, 275–6, 278, 282, 285, 520
• Morocco, 87, 365
• Mosul, 152, 443, 497–9, 604–5
• Mudania armistice, 435, 460–2, 472, 492
• Mussolini, 198, 352–66, 450, 462, 524, 540, 542, 576, 591
• Mustafa Kemal Pasha, 161, 326, 444, 450–1, 454–62, 465, 488, 501, 504
• Narutowicz, President, 253–4
• Near East Relief, 440
• Neuilly, Treaty of, 69, 134–40, 142–4, 282, 292, 294, 307, 426
• Nicaragua, 24, 25
• Niedamowski, 253–5
• Nitti, Premier, 38, 100, 117, 161, 163, 165, 178, 203, 347–8, 357, 391, 395, 524
• Open door, real significance of, 101–2, 596, 603–5, 607–10
• Orlando, Premier, 63, 100, 348, 363, 365, 421
• Ottoman Empire, see Turkey
• Paderewski, Premier, 66, 236, 238
• Painlevé, Paul, 557
• Palestine, 35, 152–3, 158–9, 163, 165, 469, 476, 491
• Panama, 24, 25
• Panama Canal, 489
• Paris, atmosphere of during Peace Conference, 27
• Paris, Conference of (1856), 298
• Paris, continuation conferences in, 402, 523, 528–9, 532, 541–3, 563
• Paris Peace Conference, 18–70, 111–18, 205–6, 281–2, 298, 307, 325–6, 334, 338, 420–4, 446, 519–20, 548, 599
• Pashitch, Premier, 265, 277, 280–1, 285, 290
• Pellé, General, 503
• Pershing, General, 508
• Persia, 35, 96, 151, 180, 184–6, 443–4, 474–7, 604–5, 607
• Peru, 25
• Pilsudski, Marshal, 236–7, 251–2
• Plastiras, Colonel, 435, 438
• Poincaré, Raymond, 40, 184, 364, 460, 483, 525, 533–4, 538–43, 546, 549, 563, 573
• Poland, resurrection of, 24, 79, 123, 125, 231–56, 295–6
• participation in Peace Conference, 24, 25, 42, 43
• real interests not considered at Peace Conference 79–80
• wins victory over Soviet Russia, 200–1
• frontiers of, 48, 55, 233–5, 250–1, 520
• Vilna seizure, 206–7, 225–8
• protests Lithuanian seizure of Memel, 229
• financial weakness of, 249–50, 587
• and Upper Silesia, 400–2
• dependence on France, 42–3, 79–80, 122, 231–2 242, 244–7, 250–1, 265, 269, 487, 605–6
• Porta Rosa Conference, 342
• Portugal, 24, 25, 510
• Pressburg (Bratislava), 266
• Przemysl, 243
• Racial equality, Japanese ask for at Peace Conference, 101–2
• Rapallo, Treaty of, 283–5, 349
• Rapallo, Treaty of (Russia and Germany), 194, 193–7, 536
• Rathenau, Walter, 195
• Reciprocity, denial of principle in Versailles treaty, 76–81
• Reparations from Germany, 32–3, 52–4, 91–2, 375–6, 399, 402–13, 469, 518, 520, 525–43, 561–4, 588, 591, 596
• Reparations Commission, 405, 520, 525, 539, 541, 565, 576, 591
• Reval, 210, 215
• Rhineland, occupation of, 18, 21–2, 79, 97, 116–7, 373, 404, 414, 483, 549, 557–9, 563, 569, 606
• Ruhr, France threatens to occupy, 398, 404, 411, 529, 532, 534, 541–3, 546, 561
• occupation of, 208, 228, 500, 561–84, 606–7
• Spartacist, insurrection in, 394–5
• Rhodes, see Dodecanese
• Riga, 209, 215
• Riga, Treaty of, 201–2, 215–227, 240–2
• Root, Elihu, 114
• Rumania, aggrandizenment of, 24, 123, 125, 275, 295–316
• participation in Peace Conference, 24, 25, 64, 298–302
• intervention bought by secret treaty, 34, 122, 137, 265
• protests against Treaty of St.-Germain, 64–8
• annexes Bessarabia, 203, 212, 300–2
• common frontier with Poland, 241
• occupies Budapest, 299
• signs treaties, 307
• finances of, 587
• Russia, Soviet, Entente Powers in war with, 35
• excluded from Paris Peace Conference, 57, 180
• stands behind Turkey, 162–5
• internal evolution and foreign policy of, 167–204
• makes treaty with Afghanistan, 185,
• with Turkey, 187–9, 453,
• with Great Britain, 186,
• with Germany, 194–7,
• with Poland, 201–2,
• with Czechoslovakia, 270
• at Lausanne Conference, 188, 198–9
• at Genoa Conference, 193–7
• Great Britain sends ultimatum to, 199
• relations with Baltic states, 205–30
• anti-Bolshevist movement, 211
• excluded from Washington conference, 510–12
• German economic activity in, 406
• no peace for in League of Nations, 180
• Russia, Transcaucasian, 96
• Saar Commission, 83
• Saar Valley, 82–4, 100, 604
• St.-Germain, Treaty of, 62–9, 99, 119–32, 221, 258, 265, 267, 274, 282, 288, 305–6, 335–40, 344, 426
• San Remo, Conference of, 160–3, 187, 395, 424, 431, 471–2, 523–4
• San Stefano, Treaty of, 474
• Scheidemann, 389, 394
• Schleswig, 57, 81–2
• Self-determination, violations of principle of in Versailles Treaty, 81–7
• in St.-Germain and Trianon Treaties, 123 ff., 205–6, 284, 304, 317–19
• in Treaty of Neuilly, 137–9
• in Treaty of Sèvres, 205–6
• in Treaty of Riga, 201–2
• proclaimed by Soviet Russia, 179
• Wilson’s dilemma concerning, 218–19
• Serbia, aggrandizement of, 24, 123, 125–6, 273–294, 295–6
• participation in Peace Conference, 25, 42
• conflict between Pan-Serbs and Jugoslavs, 265, 276–8, 281, 286–91
• Sèvres, Treaty of, 162–6, 326, 424–7, 429–34, 443, 446, 459, 462, 471–2, 477–8, 484
• Shantung question, 48, 50, 87, 94–5, 101, 365, 515–16
• Siam, 24, 25
• Siberia, 179, 182, 200, 203, 510–11
• Sikorski, General, 255
• Simons, Secretary, 402, 530–1
• Smuts, General, 38, 58–9, 72, 116, 157
• Smyrna, Greece asked by Big Four to occupy, 160, 365, 415, 422–5, 434–5, 443, 453, 455, 501
• Spa Conference, 396–7, 525–8 592
• Stambulisky, late Premier, 141–4, 504
• Stefanik, General, 259
• Straits, question of, 162, 166, 188, 198, 315, 425, 448–9, 460, 469–90, 517
• Suez Canal, 475–6, 484, 487, 489
• Supreme Council, 6–13, 25–6, 40, 295, 299–302, 305–6, 431, 444, 458, 522
• Sweden, 100, 559, 572
• Switzerland, 100, 559, 572
• Sykes-Picot agreement, 35, 152, 605
• Syria, French occupation of, 35, 158–9, 161, 432, 443, 491
• Tardieu, André, 38, 116
• Tchitcherin, 188, 195, 198–9
• Temesvár, Banat of, 44, 126, 138, 280, 282, 298–305, 310, 324, 327, 604
• Ter Meulen plan, 532–3
• Teschen dispute, 44, 238, 265
• Thrace, Eastern, 134–6, 162, 425, 427, 433, 435–6, 439, 443, 453, 460, 462, 479, 483, 492, 498
• Thrace, Western, 135–7, 441, 447, 496–7, 504
• Transiberian railway, 179, 183
• Trianon, Treaty of, 69, 119–32, 258, 265, 274, 282, 288, 305, 307, 312, 317–23, 326, 344, 426
• Triest, 80, 86, 283
• Tripoli, 480, 491
• Trotzky, 171
• Trumbich, M., 66
• Turkey, armistice with, 3, 7, 150, 331, 442–3, 459
• Hedjaz detached from, 24
• secret understanding among Entente Powers concerning, 35, 135
• proposed division of 148–66
• future not settled by Paris Conference, 159–60
• money depreciated, 587
• Turkish Nationalists, 161–2, 165–6, 187, 189, 423, 431, 440, 442–68, 491–504
• Ukrainia, 35, 182, 200, 212, 237–8, 240, 244, 295, 302, 604
• United States, participates in Peace Conference, 24, 29, 44
• involved in Entente war against Soviet Russia, 35
• Yankee imperialism, 102
• Monroe Doctrine, 102–4
• no moral leadership of, had treaty been ratified, 104–5
• refuses to ratify treaty, 106–9
• protests against partition of Albania, 146, 523
• not offered mandate over Armenia, 155–6
• protests San Remo oil agreement, 165
• Persia asks for financial mission, 186
• Russian policy, 217–24, 510–11
• difficulties encountered in taking sides in European questions, 224
• Finland funds debt to, 230, 588
• refuses to refer German protests to Allied Governments, 403
• refuses to recognize return of Constantine, 429
• and Panama Canal, 489
• at Lausanne Conference, 500–3
• at Washington Conference, 505–18
• opposition to League of Nations, 506–7, 522
• at Brussels Conference, 537
• declines invitation to Genoa Conference, 534
• European indebtedness to, 537–8, 550, 585–98
• suggested fixed indemnity at Peace Conference, 548
• duty of to help France constructively, 554, 557–60
• Great Britain funds debt to, 587–8
• observer on Reparations Commission declares Versailles Treaty impracticable, 566
• has had no vital part in European affairs since 1918, 609
• Unkiar-Skelessi, Treaty of (1833), 474
• Upper Silesia, 55, 85–6, 207, 237, 246–7, 344, 399–402, 404, 520, 537, 604–5
• Uruguay, 25
• Vaïda, Premier, 312–14
• Vandervelde, 38
• Venizelos, E., 68, 98, 154, 160–1, 163, 265, 415, 418–24, 427–9, 436, 438, 441, 493–4, 504
• Versailles, Treaty of, 49–61, 71–118, 160, 167, 178, 221, 228–9, 237, 328, 334, 337, 347, 373–5, 398, 414, 519, 523–7, 543–5, 558, 566–7, 573–4, 601–4
• Versailles, Treaty of, principal features, 74–5, 446, 461, 506
• Vienna, Conference of (1815), 26, 95, 208, 219, 415
• Vilna made Lithuanian capital, 210–11
• Vilna, question of, 201, 207, 225–8, 245–6, 344
• Viviani, Premier, 356
• Vladivostok, 183
• Warsaw, 204, 236, 253–6, 261
• Washington Conference, 180, 183, 485–6, 505–18, 550
• Wei-hai-wei, 515
• Weimar assembly, 389, 396
• Wilson, President, war speeches of, 4, 7–8, 13–14, 27, 35, 43, 47, 48, 104, 218
• arrival in Paris, 36
• distinguished between Germans and their government, 7–8, 119
• refers Germany’s armistice request to Supreme Council, 8
• curious attitude of on Polish frontiers, 48
• Fourteen Points of, 9, 10, 13–14, 21, 30, 47, 52, 283
• at Peace Conference, 21, 28, 40–1, 44–9, 95, 122
• Manchester speech, 30
• proposes Prinkipo conference, 40
• seems to break physically at Paris, 48
• ignorant of secret treaties, 48, 158
• deceived on mandates question, 157–9, 374
• tries to keep Versailles terms secret, 52
• lauds treaty in statement to press, 59–60
• betrayed into defending Old World diplomacy, 66–8
• denies accuracy of Peace Conference records, 67
• urges ratification of Versailles Treaty, 72, 106–7, 506
• note to Austria-Hungary, 217–18
• opposes Italy on Fiume question, 48, 86, 101, 346, 365, 422
• joins in asking Venizelos to occupy Smyrna, 160, 421–3
• Wirth, Chancellor, 401, 404
• Wojciechowski, President, 255
• Wrangel, Baron, 154, 167, 182, 192, 194, 204, 527
• Yudenitch, General, 182, 192, 212–13
• Zara, 283
• Zeligowski and Vilna, 207, 225–9, 245