European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

OMPHALIA, Fr.

1. I. Collybiarii. Pileus expanded from the first, edge incurved.
   1. * Usually large, gills narrow, closely crowded.

      hydrogramma, Fr. Livid white, white when dry. P. 4-7 cm. flaccid, thin, umbil. hygr. edge spreading, striate; g. closely crowded; s. 6-8 cm. base rooting; sp. ——.

      Differs from Clito. phyllophila in polished stem.

      [chrysoleuca, Fr. P. very thin, umbil. shining, white, edge reflexed, substriate; g. yellowish; s. smooth, base thickened; sp. 8-10 × 4.

      [ventosa, Fr. P. infundib. glabrous, flaccid, flesh-colour, hygr.; g. white then flesh-colour; s. colour of p.

      [dumosa, Fr. P. very thin, plane, subumbil. rigid, deep brick-red; g. pallid; s. glabrous, colour of p.

      detrusa, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. rather fleshy, umbil. dark grey; g. with a decur. tooth, whitish; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous, dark grey; sp. ——.

      [umbilicata, Fr. P. umbil. then infundib. edge reflexed, even, hygr. tinged brown, then pale but disc darker; g. whitish; s. terete, apex striate with white fibrils; sp. 6-8 × 4.

      maura, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. thin, deeply umbil. hygr. striate, sooty brown, pale and silky when dry; g. shining white; s. 3-5 cm. rigid, straight, blackish; sp. 5-6 × 3-4.

      Differs from Col. atrata in decur. narrow gills.

      [lituua, Fr. P. thin, plane, deeply umbil. hygr. even, bay then tan; g. grey; s. slightly wavy, grey.

      offuciata, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. plano-depr. flesh-colour then pale; g. colour of p.; s. 4-5 cm. glabrous, reddish; sp. ——.

      [scyphoides, Fr. Shining white. P. infundib. silky, unequal; g. narrow; s. subvillose, short; sp. 6 × 2.

      [albula, Q. P. umbil. thin, wavy, glabrous; s. solid, slender, incurved; g. adnato-decur. unequal, yellowish; sp. 10-12 long.

      [Giovanellae, Bres. P. thin, convex and umbil. then exp. and umbil., edge striate, silky-flocculose, grey then hoary brown; g. decur. crowded, colour of p.; s. glabrous, colour of p.; sp. 8 × 3.

      Differs from Omp. scyphoides in hoary-grey colour of every part.

   2. ** Medium size; gills rather distant, narrow, narrowed at both ends.

      chrysophylla, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. thin, umbil. flaccid, floccose, brownish yellow then paler, edge reflexed; g. deep golden yellow; s. 3-5 cm. yellow; sp. 8 × 4.

      Differs from O. Postii in the floccose pileus.

      Postii, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. thin, umbil. glabrous, orange; g. whitish; s. 4-6 cm. glabrous, yellow; sp. ——.

      var. aurea, Mass. P. very regular; g. slightly decur.; sp. 7 × 3.5.

      vesuviana, Brig. P. infundib. orange, edge at length wavy; g. thickish, narrow; s. fibrillose, colour of p.

      pyxidata, Bull. P. 1.5-2 cm. thin, infundib. rufous-red, radiately striate, pale when dry, hygr.; g. flesh-colour then yellowish; s. 1.5-2 cm. tough, pale tawny; sp. 7-8 × 5-6.

      leucophylla, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. thin, quite infundib. dark grey, even; g. shining white; s. 3-5 cm. grey; sp. 10 long.

      Luffii, Mass. Fragrant. P. 2-3 cm. convex then depr. glabrous, pallid then white; g. crowded, decur. pallid; s. 2-3 cm. solid, pallid, polished, often wavy; sp. 5 × 3.

      Ground among grass &c. Differs from Clito. fragrans in short, polished stem.

      costatula, Bres. P. infundib. then revolute, brown, glabrous, edge striate wavy; g. decur. straw-colour, joined by veins; s. glabrous, tinged straw-colour, base brownish; sp. 6 × 4.

      striaepileus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. plane, umbil. glabrous, entirely striate, livid brown, hygr.; g. white; s. 4-5 cm. tough, tinged brown; sp. rough, 6-7.

      Nevillae, B. P. 1-1.5 cm. depr. rugose, disc granulated, striate, brown then pale; g. white, veined; s. 2-3 cm. brownish, rough, base downy; sp. ——.

      O. affricata differs in scaly p.

      sphagnicola, B. P. 2-3 cm. thin, soon deeply umbil. squamulose, dingy ochraceous; g. dingy ochre; s. 3-4 cm. slightly flexuous, colour of p.; sp. 6 × 3.

      telmatiaea, B. P. 3-7 cm. thin, pliant, soon infund. edge arched and drooping, umber, hygr. pale and silky when dry; g. pallid; s. 2-4 cm. grey, base cottony, white; sp. 7 × 4.

      [affricata, Fr. P. umbil. then infundib. not striate, edge bent down, everywhere with blackish squamules; g. grey; s. glabrous, greyish.

      [epichysia, Pers. Soft. P. thin, exp. umbil. sooty grey, pallid when dry, silky or floccosely scaly; g. plano-decur. whitish then grey; s. grey; sp. 8-10 × 4-5.

      philonitis, Lasch. P. 1-2 cm. deeply umbil. edge erect, hygr. floccose when dry, grey; g. deeply decur. greyish; s. 3-5 cm. glabrous, grey; sp. 5-7 × 3.5.

      Differs from O. oniscus and O. epichysium in erect margin of p.

      [campestris, Rom. P. campan. umbil. then exp. sooty-fuscous, sulcate when dry; g. greyish-white, decur.; s. equal, glabrous, colour of p. Appearing late in the season; glabrous; sp. 9-13 × 6-8.

      oniscus, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, infundib. wavy, flaccid, glabrous, even, grey; g. grey; s. 2-3 cm. wavy, grey; sp. 6 × 5.

      [oniscoides, Karst. P. convex-umbil. sometimes reflexed and concave, glabrous, everywhere pellucidly striate, sooty or livid fuscous, pallid grey when dry; g. adnate, then subdecur. white or greyish, edge denticulate, s. tinged fuscous, base darkest; sp. 5-6 × 4.

      caespitosa, Bolt. P. 1-2 cm. thin, hemisph. umbil. sulcate, whitish ochre; g. whitish; s. 1-2 cm. coloured like p., base thickened; sp. 6 × 5.

      [arenicola, Fr. P. thin, cup-shaped, wavy, with wart-like spots, umber; g. paler than p.; s. short, umber.

      glaucophylla, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. infundib. plicato-striate, hygr. mouse-colour then paler; g. olive; s. stuffed, firm; sp. ——.

      rustica, Fr. P. 5-8 mm. thin, slightly convex, umbil. striate, hygr. greyish brown then paler and silky; g. grey, edge arcuate; s. 2-2.5 cm., colour of p.; sp. ——.

      Differs from O. umbellifera by gills being narrowed behind.

      [scyphiformis, Fr. White. P. infundib. glabrous; g. decur. thin; s. thin, short, glabrous.

      Differs from O. scyphoides in glabrous stem.

   3. *** Gills truly distant, broad, usually thick.

      [tricolor, A. and S. P. ochraceous white, thin, umbil.; g. orange, at first with rosy pruinose; s. yellowish.

      [cortiseda, Karst. P. convex then plane, radiato-striate, glabrous, pallid; g. adnato-decur. very distant, thickish, few, pallid; s. equal, hyaline, pallid; sp. 10-11 × 4-6.

      [sciopoda, Q. P. convex then umbil. rather crisped, pale straw-colour, pruinose; g. adnate, thick, sometimes branched, straw-colour then tinged rose; s. slender, wavy, velvety-pruinose, white above, grey below.

      demissa, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. thin, plane then umbil. striate, shining rufous then pale; g. purplish; s. 1 cm., colour of p.; sp. 7 × 5. (10-12 × 6-8 Sacc.)

      [grisella, Karst. P. convex, disc depr. silky, sulcate, pale fuscescent, whitish when dry; g. adnate, distant, plane, whitish; s. equal, glabrous, apex pruinose, pale, becoming more or less smoky; sp. 6-10 × 2-4.

      hepatica, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. tough, rigid, infundib. glabrous, brownish flesh-colour then pale; g. narrow, whitish, connected by veins; s. 2 cm. very tough, colour of p.; sp. 5-8 × 2-4.

      Differs from O. pyxidata in toughness, even edge of p. and pallid gills.

      muralis, Sow. P. 1-2 cm. becoming infundib. radiato-striate, rufous brown; g. pallid; s. 1-1.5 cm. glabrous, coloured like p.; sp. rough, 10 × 5.

      [cuneifolia, Karst. Very fragile. P. convex then plane, obtuse, dry, glabrous, pellucidly striate when moist, sooty, tan when dry; g. adnate, distant, thickish; broad, ventricose or broadest in front, obliquely truncate, greyish; s. apex scurfy, solid; sp. 10-12 × 9-10.

      [lilacina, Laest. P. plane, violet then pale; g. deeply decur. connected by veins, yellow; s. persistently violet.

      umbellifera, L. P. 1-2 cm. convexo-plane, radiately striate, even and rather silky when dry, grey, yellow, brownish, pallid, &c.; g. very distant and broad behind, colour of p.; s. 1 cm. colour of p.; sp. 3 × 2.5.

      var. myochroa, Fr. P. brownish umber; s. strigosely rooting.

      var. abiegena, B. and Br. Pale yellow.

      var. viridis, Fl. Dan. Every part pale green.

      [Kalchbrenneri, Bres. P. tough, convex, umbil. subexp. glabrous, hygr. subochre; g. deeply decur. whitish; s. colour of p., base often brownish; sp. 8-10 × 4-5.

      [velutina, Q. Downy, greyish. P. umbil. striate; g. arcuate; s. filiform, base white floccose; sp. 8 long.

      infumata, B. and Br. P. 3-4 mm. obtuse, greenish then smoky; g. few, broad, yellow; s. 2 cm. thin, yellow, tomentose below.

      [griseolilacina, Steinh. Entirely greyish lilac, grey when dry; p. umb. then exp. edge incurved, even, glabrous; g. adnate then decur.; s. cylindrical, equal; sp. 6-9 × 4-5.

      buccinalis, Sow. White. P. up to 1 cm. trumpet-shaped, plane or depr.; g. deeply decur. triangular; s. expanding into p.; sp. ——.

      [hirsuta, Q. (= O. caricicola, Lasch). Hyaline-white, soon flaccid. P. umbil. convex, very thin; gills or folds obliterated; s. capillary, short, pilose, base bulbillose; sp. rough, 9 long.

      retosta, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. plano-depr. umber, polished and pale when dry; g. distant, broad, narrowed at both ends, paler than p.; s. 2 cm. glabrous, paler than p.; sp. ——.

      Differs from O. umbellifera in having gills narrowed behind.

      abhorrens, B. and Br. Foetid. P. 1-1.5 cm. umbil. brown then pale; g. narrow, pale; s. 2 cm. slender, apex thickened, colour of p.; sp. ——.

      pseudoandrosacea, Bull. P. convex, umbil. then infundib. plicate, edge crenulate, whitish or grey; g. deeply decur. segmentoid; s. slender; sp. 5-7 × 3-4.

      griseo-pallida, Desm. P. plane, umbil. even, glabrous, brownish grey then pale; g. broadest behind, grey; s. stuffed, fuscous, 1 cm.; sp. ——.

      Differs from O. umbellifera and O. rustica by p. not being striate when moist.

      albidopallens, Karst. P. convex, orbicular, scarcely umbil. pellucidly striate, naked, hyaline white or pallid; g. adnate, decur. crowded, pallid; s. equal, naked, pallid; sp. 4-5 × 3.

      [schizoxylon, Fr. P. thin, almost plane, umbil. glabrous, grey; g. narrow, paler than p.; s. rufous brown.

      [bibula, Q. P. umbil. when moist, silky, olive-yellow then grey; g. arcuate, broad, citrin; s. tinged citrin.

      Near to if not identical with Hygr. Wynniae.

      stellata, Fr. White. P. convex, umbil. diaphanous, striate; g. very distant, thin, broad; s. equal, base radiately floccose; sp. 4 × 6.

2. II. Mycenarii. P. at first campanulate, margin straight, adpressed to stem.
   1. * Gills broad, perfect, unequal.

      campanella, Batsch. P. 1 cm. convex, umbil. striate, hygr. rusty yellow; g. connected by veins, arcuate, yellow; s. 2-3 cm. horny, bay, base narrowed, tawny-strigose; sp. 6-7 × 3-4.

      var. badipus, Cke. Base of s. slightly bulbous.

      var. papillata, Fr. P. acutely conical.

      var. myriadea, Kalchbr. Small, caespitose.

      [incomis, Karst. P. convex, umbil. glabrous or broken up into squamules, pale fuscous; g. adnato-decur. broad, white; s. tough, thinner below, colour of p.; sp. ——.

      [psilocyboides, Karst. P. convex, umbil. glabrous, tawny yellow; g. very broad, yellowish-white; s. 8-12 cm. equal, bay, white-fibrillose, apex paler and pruinose; sp. ——.

      [brunneola, Q. Chestnut umber. P. umbil. squamulose; g. arcuate, white; s. floccosely punctate, base with spreading fawn-coloured down; sp. 10.

      [atripes, Rab. P. thin, plano-depr. infundib. brown, pale and silky shining when dry; g. very broad behind, brownish, albo-pruinose; s. black, base bluish-pruinose.

      [Laestadii, Fr. P. hemispherical, umbil. even, tawny-bay, shining; g. distinct, yellow; s. rigid rufous bay.

      picta, Fr. P. 1 cm. campan. cucullate, umbil. glabrous, striate, fuscous; g. very broad, pallid; s. horny, bay, membranous spreading base tawny; sp. 7-10 × 4.

      camptophylla, B. P. 1 cm. convex then exp. deeply striate, disc brown, rest pale grey; g. ascending then abruptly decur. white; s. 3-4 cm. very slender, whitish, base radiately strigose; sp. 8-10 × 6-8.

      [cyanophylla, Fr. P. thin, camp. umbil. striate, livid or bluish becoming yellowish; g. clear blue; s. glabrous; sp. 5-7 × 3-4.

      [Cornui, Q. P. umbil. tawny; g. yellow with violet tinge; s. horny, bay, base inflated, downy, yellow.

      [reclina, Fr. P. thin, rigid camp. then entirely infundib. livid; g. thick, white or grey; s. tough; sp. 6 × 4-5.

      [deflexa, Karst. P. campan.-convex, mostly umbil. everywhere striate, fuscescent or pale livid, pale when dry; g. decur. arcuate, white; s. solid, tough, pallid, glabrous; sp. 6-7 × 4-6.

      umbratila, Fr. P. 2 cm. thin, campan. then convex, umbil. umber brown, hygr.; g. broad, brownish; s. 3-4 cm. stuffed, brownish; sp. 7 × 5.

      Readily mistaken with Coll. atrata and C. ambusta, differs in subdecur. gills.

      [invita, Karst. P. convex, umbil. glabrous, striate when moist, sooty or livid sooty, pale when dry; g. adnate, very broad, white; s. colour of p.; sp. glob. 5-6.

      grisea, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp. glabrous, everywhere striate, livid grey then hoary; g. distant, greyish; s. greyish-white, apex thickened, 5-7 cm.; sp. 7-8 × 4.

      [setipes, Fr. P. convex, subpapillate, everywhere striate, brownish-grey; g. greyish white, connected by veins; s. filiform, base pubescent; sp. 6-7 × 2-3.

      fibula, Bull. P. up to 1 cm. cucullate then exp. umbil. striate, orange yellow then pale; g. deeply decur. pale; s. 3-4 cm. very slender, weak, pale orange; sp. 4-5 × 2.

      var. Swartzii, Fr. Apex of stem violet.

      [chlorocyanea, Pat. Small, entirely bluish green outside and inside. P. convex; g. distant, decur. unequal; s. solid, slender.

      directa, B. and Br. P. 2-3 mm. nail-shaped flat at apex, white; g. decur. white; s. rather wavy, 2 cm. whitish, tinged rufous, with long hairs at base.

      belliae, Johnst. P. 1 cm. thin, dry, top-shaped, infundib. pallid; g. decur. thick, veined; s. 2-3 cm. brownish, adhering by a cottony base.

      [pectinata, Rom. Entirely white, glabrous, hygr. P. thin, convex, umbil. edge wavy or lobed, sulcate to middle; g. decur. distant; s. subequal, almost glabrous; sp. 6-7 × 3.

      gracillima, Weinm. Snow-white. P. 4-5 mm. downy, sulcate; g. decur. distant, thin; s. 1.5 cm. filiform, base cottony; sp. 6-7 × 3.

      [gracilis, Q. Snow-white. P. apiculate, striato-sulcate, glabrous; g. arcuate, distant; s. filiform, pellucid, pruinose, base downy, rooting; sp. 8 × 2.

      [candida, Bres. Shining white. P. thin, convex, exp. often papillate, glabrous, pellucidly striate; g. deeply decur. connected by veins at base; s. splitting into fibres, glabrous, base rooting, strigose; sp. 9-11 × 4.5-5.

      bullula, Brig. White. P. 3-4 mm. even, hemisph. diaphanous; g. arched, decur.; s. 2 cm. filiform.

   2. ** Gills fold-like, narrow.

      integrella, Pers. White. P. 3-7 mm. hemisph. then exp. pellucid-striate; g. equal, fold-like, distant, rather branched; s. very slender, pubescent; sp. 6-7 × 4.

      [microscopica, Wirt. Minute, diaphanous. P. 3-4 mm. infundib. 4-6, sulcate; g. very narrow, arcuate; s. capillary.

      polyadelphus, Lasch. Pure white. P. 2-3 mm. coarsely striate and minutely flocculose; g. decurrent; s. 1-2 cm. very slender, base downy; sp. 5 × 2.5.

      [cuspidata, Q. Hyaline white. P. very acuminate, striate, flocculose; g. decur. branched; s. filiform, pulverulent, the slight bulb hairy; sp. 8 long.

      [crispula, Q. White, diaphanous. P. crisped, pruinose; g. wrinkled, very thin; s. short, filiform, pruinose; sp. 8 long.

      [gibba, Pat. (= Cyphella infundibuliformis, Fr.). White, minute. P. trumpet-shaped, gibbous then deeply infundib. downy; g. mere traces of folds; s. slender, downy.

PLEUROTUS, Fr.

1. A. Excentrici. Pileus entire, extended laterally, excentric but not truly lateral.
   1. * Veil forming a ring on the stem.

      corticatus, Fr. P. 8-18 cm. convex then exp. covered with dense greyish down then floccosely squamulose; g. decur. white, anastomosing behind; tinged yellow when old; s. 3-7 cm. subexc. rooting, ring torn; s. 9-14 × 4-6.

      [Albertinii, Fr. P. convex, dimidiate, sooty, with black squamules; g. decur. distinct, white; s. with black squamules up to sooty ring.

      dryinus, Pers. P. 5-9 cm. oblique or subcircular, hard, whitish with brownish spot-like squamules, flesh white then yellowish; g. decur. not anastomosing behind, white tinged yellow; s. 2-3 cm. sublateral, ring fugacious, torn; sp. 10 × 4.

      Differs from P. corticatus in gills not anastomosing behind.

      spongiosus, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. spongy, pulvinate, greyish tomentose; g. sinuato-adnexed, white, simple; s. 1-3 cm. tomentose, white, ring white, soon torn; sp. 8-10 × 4.

      [calyptratus, Lindbl. P. soft, lateral-dimidiate, horizontal, reniform, glabrous, viscid, sooty or livid; g. adnate to a nodule, crowded, white then yellowish; s. a downy nodule, viscid membranous ring torn.

   2. ** Gills sinuate or obtusely adnate.

      ulmarius, Bull. P. 8-15 cm. convex then plane, glabrous, livid then pale, spotted; g. adnexed, broad, whitish; s. 1-3 cm. base thickened, tomentose; sp. 5-6, glob.

      tessulatus, Bull. P. 7-10 cm. convex then plane or depr. behind, glabrous, tawny then paler and spotted; g. uncinato-adnate, white then yellowish; s. 1-3 cm. glabrous; sp. ——.

      [pardalis, Schulz. Caespitose. P. fleshy, convex, subcentral, glabrous, chestnut then spotted; g. free, crowded, pallid; s. stout, solid, connate at base, white.

      [decorus, Fr. Yellow. P. thin, convex then exp. obtuse, rough with adnate blackish scales; g. obtusely adnate, crowded; s. stuffed then hollow, fibrillose; sp. glob. 6.

      [ornatus, Fr. P. convexo-plane, umb. with rusty floccose squamules that disappear; g. adnate, very broad, yellow; s. spongy, yellow; sp. 6 long.

      [properatus, C. Mart. P. membranous, form various, always umbil. central or excentric, yellowish white with concentric brown scales; g. adnato-decur. tinged yellow, edge eroded; s. cylindric with concentric brown scales, ring membranaceous, fugacious.

      subpalmatus, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. Caespitose. Convex then depr. rugulose, rufescent, cuticle gelatinous; g. adnate, connected behind, dingy; s. 3-4 cm. incurved; sp. ——.

      Remarkable for the variegated flesh.

      [coripellis, Fr. P. rigid, glabrous, moist, somewhat bay, thick pellicle separable, disc compact, umb.; g. arcuato-adnate, plane, crowded, white; s. excentric, vertical, rigid, fibrillosely striate, whitish.

      P. almost black but fawn or yellow-brown when dry. Flesh tinged fuscous.

      craspedius, Fr. Caespitose. P. 8-14 cm. thin, crenate or lobed, brick-red or paler, glabrous; g. adnate, narrow, crowded, white; s. 4-7 cm. solid, elastic, glabrous, pallid; sp. 5.

      fimbriatus, Bolt. P. 4-7 cm. thin, plane then depr. margin sinuate or lobed, hygr. hyaline, whitish; g. adnate, closely crowded, white; s. 2-3 cm. firm, compr. downy; sp. ——.

      lignatilis, Fr. Whitish. P. tough, convex then plane, umbil. irreg. floccosely pruinose then glabrous; g. adnate, crowded, narrow, shining white; s. irreg. rather downy; sp. 4 × 3.

      var. tephrocephalus, Fr. P. more compact, disc black then grey, edge white.

      Ruthae, B. and Br. P. 3-7 cm. more or less fan-shaped, whitish or yellowish-buff, cuticle gelatinous, rather hispid; g. anastomosing behind, white then reddish, veined; s. 1-3 cm. reddish, hispid; sp. ——.

      Differs from P. pantoleucus in g. anastomosing behind, and not decurrent.

      circinatus, Fr. White. P. 5-7 cm. plane, orbicular, silky-pruinose; g. adnato-decur. crowded; s. 2-5 cm. equal, glabrous, rooting; sp. ——.

      [olearius, D. C. Caespitose. P. subexcentric plane or umbil. dry, reddish tawny or deep brown; g. decur. narrow, yellow; s. solid, firm, reddish-brown; sp. 5 × 4.

      Gills phosphorescent.

      var. carpini (= P. carpini, Fr.). P. convexo-exp. angular, rivulosely scaly when dry; s. slender, short, excentric or lateral; g. adnexed, thin, rusty.

      [juglandinus, Kalchbr. P. plano-convex, even, glabrous, dingy golden-yellow, rather lobed; g. decur. distant, ends narrowed; s. excentric, solid, brown-pilose; sp. 5.5 × 2.5.

   3. *** Gills decurrent; stem almost vertical.

      [aquifolii, Fr. P. rather wavy, soft, convex then plane, dusky tan; g. thick, dusky, joined in a ring behind; s. stout, equal, white. Edible.

      [eryngii, D. C. P. fleshy, tough, exp. depr. irreg. rufous-grey, scabrid-virgate; g. broad, tinged pink; s. naked, whitish, solid; sp. 7-9 × 3.5.

      [nebrodensis, Inzeng. P. compact, convex then depr. even, glabrous, grey; g. decur. whitish; s. solid, excentric or lateral, short, ascending, whitish.

      [nauseosodulcis, Karst. P. soft, irreg. unequal, exp. even, glabrous, entirely tan; g. decur. crowded, pallid; s. excentric, rarely central, solid, tomentose, whitish; sp. 7-8 × 5.

      sapidus, Kalchbr. Caespitose. P. fleshy, deformed, centre depr. glabrous, pallid; g. decur. whitish; several stems springing from a common base; sp. 11-12 × 4.

      More or less trumpet-shaped. Edible.

      [cornucopoides, Pers. P. very variable in form, convex, depr. glabrous, white then livid yellow; g. decur. white; s. subexcentric to lateral, expanding into p.

      [lingulatus, Paulet. P. dimidiate or entire, umbil. convex, deformed, even, pale ochre, edge incurved; g. subdecur. closely crowded, paler than p.; s. solid, long, subcompr. white; sp. 10-12 long.

      [melanopus, Fr. P. excentric or dimidiate, deformed, somewhat lobed, glabrous pale rufous; g. decur. crowded, narrow, whitish red; s. solid, glabrous, ascending, black.

      [spodoleucus, Fr. P. plane, orbicular, even, glabrous, greyish; g. crowded, white, separate behind; s. solid, glabrous, paler than p.; sp. 5-6 × 2-3.

      pantoleucus, Fr. White. P. 4-7 cm. even, glabrous, spathulate, depr. behind, marginate; g. crowded, distinct at base; s. 1-2 cm. ascending, glabrous, not rooting; sp. 11-12 × 4.

      Differs from P. spodoleucus in pileus being white and depressed behind.

      [pometi, Fr. White. P. fleshy, rather flaccid, convex, even, disc depr.; g. decur. crowded, not joined behind; s. elastic with a downy rooting base; sp. 6-9 × 3-4.

      [Battarrae, Q. White. P. cyathiform, spotted with blackish brown squamules; g. milk-white; s. slender, attenuated; sp. 12 long.

      [lignicola, Sacc. White. P. tough, irreg. exp. subumbil. floccosely pruinose; g. adnato-decur. crowded, shining white; s. long, incurved, flocculose at first; sp. 14 × 4.

      mutilus, Fr. White. P. 2-2.5 cm. fleshy, irreg. silky when dry; g. narrow, simple; s. 1-2 cm. long, terete, base downy; sp. ——.

      Resembles Omph. scyphoides. Differs in nearly glabrous, irreg. p. not becoming infundib.

      [macropus, Bagl. Large, caespitose. P. excentric, exp. glabrous, sooty-grey; g. decur. white; s. joined at base, firm, long, thickly tomentose.

      [luteo-caesius, Bagl. P. subexcentric, exp. fibrillosely rivulose, tawny brown, edge wavy, incurved; g. subdecur. narrow, greyish yellow; s. solid, fibrillose, long rooting.

      [lutincola, Lasch. Caespitose, fuscous; p. glabrous; g. adnate with a tooth running down stem to torn ring; s. often excentric.

      [pulvinatus, Pers. P. pulvinate, rather wavy, glabrous, whitish, disc tinged flesh-colour; g. decur. crowded, white; s. very short, solid, hard.

   4. **** Veil absent; gills deeply decur.; pileus lateral, sessile or produced behind into a short stem-like base.

      ostreatus, Jacq. Tufted. P. 7-15 cm. fleshy, shell-shaped, ascending, blackish then grey or pallid; g. rather distant, anastomosing behind, pallid; s. widening into p. very short, downy or strigose at base; sp. 10-12 × 4-5. Esculent.

      var. euosmus, B. Smell strong. Gills and spores tinged pink.

      var. columbinus, Q. P. dark bluish-grey.

      var. nudipes, Boud. S. quite glabrous.

      [ambiguus, Oud. Excentric. P. sessile or shortly stalked, shining, blackish or deep violet, edge incurved; g. deeply decur. anastomosing behind, lilac; s. firm, elastic, thickened upwards, base strigose.

      revolutus, Kickx. P. 9-15 cm. fleshy, firm, elastic, shining, depr. behind, smoky-yellow then grey, edge incurved; g. serrulate, white; s. 2-3 cm. short, thick, whitish; sp. ——.

      var. anglicus. Edge of p. not or very slightly incurved; g. pallid ochraceous.

      [Staringii, Oud. Excentric. P. lateral, produced at base into a short oblique stem, suborbicular or reniform, exp. very glabrous, smoky fuscous, centre paler; g. white, anastomosing behind.

      salignus, Pers. P. 4-9 cm. fleshy, spongy, becoming depr. behind and strigose, horizontal, yellow brown or dusky; g. somewhat branched, edge eroded, dingy; s. short, firm, tomentose; sp. 8-11 × 3-4.

      [Saccardianus, Arc. Subexcentric, usually sinuately lobed, even, glabrous, at length exp. and wavy, tan or grey; g. narrow, thin, crowded; s. striate, glabrous, grey or umber; sp. 6-5 × 3-4.

      [roseocinereus, Allesch. P. thin, campan. edge becoming split and striate, fibrously silky, rosy-grey; g. very broad, pallid flesh-red; s. shining white, fibrously striato-sulcate; sp. pale rufous, 5-7.

      acerinus, Fr. White. P. 3-8 cm. tough, circular, silky-villose; g. closely crowded, white then yellowish; s. subobsolete, downy; sp. ——.

      [pathenopejus, Comes. Large, caespitose. P. excentric, generally dimidiate, conchate, elliptical or rounded, mouse-grey then pale, viscid, squamulose; g. deeply decur. base anastomosing, white then tinged yellow; sp. 9-12 × 4-6.

      [Gemmellari, Inzeng. Large, sessile. P. lateral, convex then exp. yellowish, striate, upper stratum gelatinous; g. decur. broad, anastomosing behind, white then sulphur.

2. B. Dimidiati. P. definitely lateral, without a free margin behind; not resupinate at first.

   [geoginus, D. C. P. erect, subinfundib. even, glabrous, edge wavy, reflexed, brownish; g. decur. crowded, white; s. very short, thick, tuberous.

   petaloides, Bull. P. 2-5 cm. thin, ascending, spathulate, entire, disc depr. brownish then pale; g. crowded, narrow, whitish; s. short, compressed, downy; sp. 9-10 × 4.

   P. porrigens differs in being white and stemless.

   [semiinfundibuliformis, Karst. Erect, simple, semiinfundib. even, glabrous, rusty tan, edge wavy, reflexed; g. deeply decur. crowded, whitish then yellowish; s. exactly lateral, pallid; sp. 4-6, subgl.

   pulmonarius, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. obovate or reniform, rather convex, glabrous, greyish or tan; g. plano-decur. simple, albo-livid; s. round, very short, downy; sp. ——.

   Differs from P. serotinus in very short s., and glabrous p.

   var. juglandis, Fr. Gregarious; g. greyish brown.

   [pulmonariellus, Karst. P. convex, reniform, rather strigose, even, yellowish, intermediate stratum thick, gelatinous; g. plano-decur. crowded, white then yellowish; s. very short.

   [almeni, Fr. P. thin, reniform, glabrous, brownish tawny, narrowed behind into a very short stem; g. determinately decur. divergent, paler than pileus; sp. 7-9 × 3-4.

   serotinus, Schrad. P. 3-7 cm. fleshy, compact, viscid, reniform or obovate, yellowish-green, or sooty-olive; g. crowded, yellow then pallid; s. 2 cm. with blackish squamules; sp. ——.

   mitis, Pers. P. 1-2 cm. tough, reniform, dry, rufescent then whitish; g. crowded, distinct, white; s. 1 cm. compressed, dilated upwards, whitish-squamulose; sp. 4 × 2.

   gadinoides, W. G. Sm. White. P. 1-1.5 cm. horizontal, shell-shaped, hygr. floccose, dry; g. crowded, branched; s. minute or absent; sp. 7 × 3.

   limpidus, Fr. White. P. 1-2 cm. obovate or reniform, even, glabrous, hygr., narrowed behind to point of attachment; g. white, decur. to base; sp. ——.

   Differs from P. mitis in being shining white and subsessile.

   [limpidoides, Karst. P. obovoid or reniform, often lobed, soft, even, velvety, dark grey then livid; g. decur. whitish; upper stratum of flesh gelatinous; sp. 6-9 × 3-4.

   [subrufulus, Karst. P. soft, subgelatinous, orbicular or reniform, even, glabrous, rufous- or pinkish-white; g. crowded, white; s. lateral, strigose, very short.

   [planus, Fr. Minute, subsessile, violet then flesh-colour.

   reniformis, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. horizontal, reniform, grey, disc depr. plane; g. spreading from tubercular stem-like base, divergent, grey; sp. ——.

   [Kerneri, Wettst. P. obovate or reniform, lateral, not immarginate behind, sessile, entire, edge lobed, convex, grey, base blackish, minutely pulverulent; g. grey, simple; sp. glob. 3-5.

   tremulus, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. reniform, even, glabrous, disc depr. greyish brown then pale; g. rather distant, grey; s. 1 cm. subterete, ascending, grey; sp. 6-8 × 5-7.

   Differs from P. reniformis in having a stem.

   lauro-cerasi, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. thin, horizontal, circular or shell-shaped, sulcate, brownish, attached by narrowed base; g. broad at middle, whitish; sp. 8 × 5.

   [dictyorhizus, D. C. White. P. very thin, orbicular, sinuate, subsessile, base reticulately-fibrillose; g. simple, unequal; sp. 6 long.

   acerosus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. very thin, reniform, plane, striate, sublobed, grey, silky white when dry; g. narrow, crowded, grey; s. obsolete, base substrigose; sp. glob. 5-6.

   [Severinii, Com. Shining white. Velvety then almost glabrous, orbicular, edge entire, incurved; g. decur. simple; s. short, incurved.

3. C. Resupinati. Pileus at first resupinate; gills radiating from an excentric point; then reflexed, sessile.
   1. * Pileus fleshy, uniform in texture.

      porrigens, Pers. White. P. 4-7 cm. thin, tough, resup. then ascending, ear- or fan-shaped, glabrous upwards; g. very narrow; sp. 7-8 × 6.

      Resembling P. petaloides in habit but white, and no stem-like base.

      [pinsitus, Fr. P. fleshy, soft, horizontal, silky-villose, wavy, hygr. dingy then white; g. broad, distinct; sp. rough, 10-11 long.

      [nidulans, Pers. P. subreniform, tomentose, yellow; g. broad, tawny-orange; sp. 3-5 × 1.

      [caesiozonatus, Rab. P. subsessile, tough, plane then depr. behind, downy, ochre-brown, zoned with bluish grey; g. broad, brownish yellow.

      septicus, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. rather fleshy, resup. then reflexed, pubescent, white; s. thin, 2-3 mm. incurved, disappearing; g. distant; sp. 8-10 × 6.

      Claudopus variabilis differs in tinted gills and spores.

      [roseolus, Q. P. convex, conchoid, translucent, striate, rather woolly, rosy-purple; g. rosy, edge darker; s. curved, downy, colour of p.; sp. 8.

   2. ** Pileus fleshy, striate, upper surface gelatinous, or with a viscid pellicle.

      mastrucatus, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. resup. then exp. and horizontal, often lobed, brown, with erect bristly squamules; g. broad, greyish white; sp. ——.

      [rivulorum, Pat. and Doas. P. subgelatinous, pellucid, rusty brown and covered with white down, horizontal or ascending; g. grey then vinous; s. lateral, tubercular, downy, white, rosy when touched; sp. 4-6.

      [tremens, Q. P. reniform or flabellate, diaphanous, rosy-violet, tremelloid; g. sinuate, pinkish; s. lateral, colour of p.; sp. rough, 6-7.

      atrocoeruleus, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. fleshy, downy, dusky blue; g. broad, whitish; sp. glob. 2-3.

      P. sometimes brownish, and g. sometimes yellowish.

      [myxotrichus, Lév. P. reniform, at first viscid, becoming spongy, covered with white down, sessile or with a short stem; g. rather broad, crowded; sp. 10-12 long.

      [furvellus, Karst. P. dusky or bluish rosy, yellowish-white then brownish when old; sp. 6-9 × 4-5.

      Allied to P. unguicularis but larger and becoming pale.

      Leightoni, B. P. 1-1.5 cm. at first obliquely conical then shell-shaped, umber or lead-colour, scurfy and with short black bristles; g. distant, tan, forked at base; sp. ——.

      algidus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. horizontal, reniform, pellicle thin, viscid, reddish-brown or grey; g. crowded, yellowish.

      fluxilis, Fr. P. reniform, gelatinoso-viscid above, umber; g. radiating from a lateral point, distant, whitish; sp. 10 long.

      [unguicularis, Fr. P. resup. covered with a viscid pellicle, grey or blackish; s. incurved then ascending, very short, white; g. distant, white; sp. 4-6 × 1.5.

      [Silvanus, Sacc. P. thin, sessile, cupulate or dimidiate, resupinate then reflexed, very even, glabrous, greyish black, very minutely white-scurfy; g. broad, dingy white; sp. strongly curved, 8-9 × 3.5-4.

      cyphellaeformis, B. P. 5-8 mm. pendulous, cup-shaped, downy or mealy, upper layer gelatinous, grey; g. narrow, distant, pure white; sp. ——.

      Resembling a Cyphella in habit.

      [nivosus, Q. P. thin, campan. sessile, gelatinous, white and like parchment when dry, granularly rugose, striate, subpellucid, smoky grey, when moist with hyaline warts; g. narrow, white; sp. reniform, 12 × 2.

      applicatus, Batsch. P. 4-8 mm. dusky grey, sessile, thin, rather firm, cupulate, resupinate then reflexed, slightly striate, subpruinose, base downy; gills broad, paler; sp. glob. 4-5.

      Differs from P. tremulus in absence of distinct s.

      [Mustialensis, Karst. P. resupinate, subgelatinous within, sessile or with an exceedingly short lateral stem, black, white-tomentose; g. distant, narrow, paler; sp. 6-8 × 4.

      Differs from P. applicatus in black p. with white down, and dark g.

   3. *** Pileus membranaceous, not viscid.

      Hobsoni, B. P. 4-7 mm. reniform or semicircular, horizontal, pale grey, downy; g. radiating, pallid; sp. ——.

      Differs from P. applicatus in being plane.

      striatulus, Fr. P. 3-4 mm. very thin, pale grey, slightly cup-shaped, striate, glabrous; g. few, distant.

      [canus, Q. P. thin, dimidiate, reniform, edge mostly lobed, whitish, downy, striate; g. very distant, adnate, white, edge fimbriate; s. rudimentary; sp. 7-9 × 5.

      [arenarius, Lasch. Hoary-pallid, subsulcate, slightly tomentose; g. distant, thick, broad; s. absent or very short, white-floccose.

      Allied to P. striatulus.

      [perpusillus, Fr. White. P. very thin, resup. then reflexed, even, glabrous; g. few, broad.

      [subplicatus, Karst. P. very thin, resup. orbicular, usually entire, almost plane, striato-plicate, rather silky, white, fixed by a white downy base; g. radiating from an excentric point, broad, whitish; sp. 6-7 × 4-5.

      var. cinereus, Karst. Entirely pale grey or glaucous.

      hypnophilus, B. P. 3-6 mm. very thin, flat, white, rather reniform, nearly smooth; g. radiating, distant, simple; sp. 5 × 3.

      Resembling Claudopus variabilis, but gills and spores white.

      chioneus, Pers. Snow white. P. 2-3 mm. very thin, subresupinate, downy; s. short, downy, evanescent; g. rather broad; sp. 10 long.

      P. septicus is larger; s. more distinct; p. thicker.

      Differs from P. hypnophilus in downy pileus.

      [craterellus, Dur. and Lév. Cupulate, white, even, downy, edge entire; sp. 6 long.

      [pudens, Q. P. downy, hygr. coriaceous, cup-shaped, g. radiating, thin, wavy, white tinged lilac; s. central, short.

CANTHARELLUS, Adans.

1. A. Mesopus. Pileus entire. Stem central.
   1. * Pileus and stem fleshy and solid.

      cibarius. Every part opaque yellowish-buff. P. 3-7 cm. wavy then turbinate, glabrous; g. thick, distant; s. 3-5 cm. narrowed below; sp. 9 × 5-6.

      Edible. Smell none when fresh, like apricots when kept for some time. Sometimes all whitish.

      var. rufipes, Gillet. Flesh pale ochraceous, s. rufous at base.

      [amethysteus, Q. P. thick, egg-yellow, edge flocculose violet flesh-colour; g. reticulate, yellow; s. obconic, colour of p.; sp. 11 long.

      Friesii, Q. P. 2-3 cm. convex then depr. villose, somewhat orange; g. fold-like, branched, yellow; s. 2 cm. slender, downy, base white, narrowed; sp. 6-7 × 2-3.

      With gills of C. cibarius and habit of C. aurantiacus.

      aurantiacus, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. thin, depr. soft, subtomentose, dingy orange then pale; g. crowded, dichotomous, orange, rather broad; s. 1-2 cm. expanding upwards, orange, base often dark; sp. 10 × 5.

      Poisonous. Perhaps should be placed under Clitocybe.

      [hypnorum, Brond. P. campan. tomentose, yellowish or pale ochre; g. decur. branched, yellow; s. slender, solid, wavy, almost glabrous, yellowish.

      [rufescens, Fr. P. plano-depr. almost glabrous, gilvous, thin; g. crowded, thin; s. elongated, stuffed, narrowed upwards.

      [olidus, Q. (= C. rufescens, Q. not Fr.) P. fleshy, edge downy, white, convex then cyathiform, flesh white then pinkish; g. decur. pinkish; s. rosy; sp. 3-4 long.

      Taste sweetish. Smell of burnt sugar when dry.

      [brachypodes, Chev. P. thin, infundib. almost glabrous, fuscous; the short stuffed stem and straight gills yellowish.

      Brownii, B. and Br. P. rather fleshy, convex, subumb. pale ochre then reddish; g. very narrow, simple or forked, whitish; s. 3-5 cm. slender, tough; sp. 7 × 5.

      Gills very narrow, vein-like, hardly decur.

      [subdenticulatus, Mont. Small, entirely apricot colour. P. rather scurfy, convex and umb. then subdepr. edge spinously toothed; gills fold-like, thickish, decur.; s. solid, flocculose above, base narrowed; sp. globose.

      [parvus, Otth. P. infundib. fibrously scaly, brownish-grey; g. fold-like, scarcely prominent, yellowish; s. slender, twisted, greyish-yellow, sulcate.

      carbonarius, A. and S. P. 3-6 cm. umbil. bay then blackish, striato-squamulose; g. straight, narrow, white; s. 2.5 cm. paler than p. rooting; sp. 14-15 × 7-8.

      Fasciculate, 2-3 pilei often appearing to spring from a branched stem.

      umbonatus, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, umb. then depr. flocculose, blackish grey; s. 5-7 cm. equal, paler; g. straight, crowded, white; sp. 10 × 4-5.

      Resembling an Agaric in habit.

      albidus, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. infundib. wavy, glabrous, pallid, sometimes indistinctly zoned; g. dichotomous, white; s. 2-3 cm. solid, subequal, glabrous; sp. ——.

      Tough, sometimes tinged brown or yellow.

      [longipes, Lamb. P. centre prominent, edge thin, upturned, dry, even, chestnut; g. fold-like, decur. closely crowded, forked, yellowish; s. long, pale grey.

      [Turrissi, Inz. Straw-colour. P. fleshy-waxy, hygr. convex then digitaliform, often umbil.; g. decur. white, thick, fold-like, simple, rarely branched; s. white, ventricosely fusiform.

   2. ** Pileus submembranaceous; stem tubular, polished.

      tubaeformis, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. infundib. wavy, lobed, flocculose, brownish then pale; g. thick, distant, much branched, smoky yellow, not pruinose; s. 4-7 cm. hollow, glabrous, lacunose, tawny-orange; sp. 9 × 6-7.

      var. lutescens, Fr. P. convex, umbil. almost regular, nearly glabrous; g. less divided. Connects present sp. with C. infundibuliformis.

      var. lutescens, Fr. P. convex, umbil. almost even and regular; g. less divided.

      Differs in more equal stem narrowed upwards.

      Connects C. tubaeformis with C. infundibuliformis.

      infundibuliformis, Fr. P. 2-6 cm. thin; infundib. floccoso-rugose, smoky yellow then pale; g. thick, dichotomous, greyish yellow, pruinose; s. fistulose, even, glabrous, yellow; sp. 9-10 × 6.

      cinereus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. thin, infundib. open at base, blackish grey, villosely-squamulose; g. thick, distant, grey; s. 3-5 cm. paler than p.; sp. 7 × 5. (15-8 Sacc.)

      Resembling Craterellus cornucopioides but having distinct gills.

      [leucophaeus, Nouel. P. thin, tough, infundib. glabrous, brownish umber; g. distant, simple, mixed with dichotomous ones, white; s. stuffed, thin, even, colour of p.

      cupulatus, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. plano-infundib. wavy, hygr. pallid fuscous or brownish, flocculose when dry; g. very distant, branched, grey; s. 2-3 cm. stuffed, polished, colour of p.; sp. 7 × 5.

      Houghtoni, Phil. P. 2-3 cm. convex, umbil. wavy, whitish; g. slightly decur. narrow, tinged pink; s. 3-5 cm. equal, whitish, stuffed; sp. 7 × 4.

      Stevensoni, B. and Br. P. 5-8 mm. orbicular, umbil. pallid, smooth; g. decur. pallid; s. 1-1.5 cm. slender, cylindrical, white then darker, pulverulent; sp. ——.

      replexus, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. campan. convex, exp. and inversed, striate, brown then grey; g. adnato-decur. veined, branched, distant, white or glaucous; s. 3-5 cm. fistulose, glabrous, thickened upwards; sp. ——.

      Habit of a Mycena but g. thick and fold-like.

      var. devexus, Fr. P. cucullate; s. stuffed; g. simple, grey.

      [hygrophanous, C. P. Laest. P. infundib. punctate, hygr. edge involute, obtuse; g. decur. branched, edge obtuse; s. fistulose, tough, silky-shining.

      [coriaceus, Preuss. P. depr. rusty brown, edge rather wavy and then incurved; g. vein-like, forked, pale yellow; s. stuffed, thick, pallid.

2. B. Merisma. Stems very numerous, united into an elongated column, or branched.

   [fascicularis, Strauss. P. tubiform, split on one side, cochleate, downily scaly; flesh and connate stems violet.

   [ramosus, Schulz. Lurid yellow. P. fleshy, plano-depr. at length deeply umbil. fibrous; s. solid, caespitose, divided into branches each dilating into a pileus at its apex; g. vein-like, anastomosing.

   [polycephalus, Bres. Branched. P. convex then subinfundib. white, edge lobed; g. decur. white, connected by veins; s. white, downy, apex branched; sp. 6 × 3.5.

   [ochraceus, Gill. P. unequally infundib. edge upturned, lobed, yellowish ochre; g. decur. almost to base of stem, anastomosing, rosy-white; s. branched, even, spotted ochre.

3. C. Pleuropus. Stem exactly lateral.

   [spathulatus, Fr. P. fleshy, spathulate, glabrous, brownish; g. dichotomous, crowded, white; s. thin, glabrous.

   muscigenus, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. spathulate, horizontal, glabrous, zoned, yellowish brown or fuscous, greyish white when old; g. thick, distant, branched, colour of p.; s. short, base downy; sp. 10-12 × 6-8.

   Differs from C. glaucus in being brown when moist, and from C. retirugis in having a distinct lateral stem.

   glaucus, Batsch. Grey. P. 1 cm. ligulate, ascending, silky, not zoned; g. fold-like, tumid, distant, forked; s. short, pruinose; sp. 5 × 3.

4. D. Resupinate. Pileus cup-shaped at first, fixed by the vertex, then subreflexed.
   1. * Growing on mosses.

      [bryophilus, Fr. P. thin, cupulate, white, vertex forming a stem-like point of attachment, villose; g. broad, dichot., radiating from centre.

      Gills acute, much resembling an Agaric.

      [juranus, Q. and Pat. (= Dictyolus.) P. wavy, 1-2 mm. diam. snow-white, becoming split, thin, downy, springing from cobweb-like mycelium; g. fold-like, branched, broad, thin, white then cream; sp. 6-7 long.

      Close to C. bryophilus.

      retirugus, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. thin, exp. wavy and lobed, greyish-white, adfixed by fibrils behind; g. radiating from centre, very thin, reticulated; sp. 10 × 8.

      lobatus, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. horizontal, lobed, brown then pale; g. fold-like, distinct, branched, divergent; sp. ——.

      [muscorum, Fr. P. thin, gelatinous, ear-shaped, dingy rufous, glabrous; g. crisped, folds divided near the margin of p.; sp. 3-4 × 2-3.

   2. ** Growing on wood.

      [applicatus, Lév. P. lobed, margin byssoid, tomentose, white; g. vein-like, radiating from the centre, forked, white.

      [odorus, Wetts. Reddish-yellow, strongly-scented. P. entire, solid, fleshy, convex then turbinate or subconcave, often umbil. or subwavy, glabrous, edge slightly incurved; g. thick, forked, decur.; s. solid, glabrous; sp. subgl. 3-4.

      [crucibulum, Fr. P. cup-shaped, downy, white; g. dichotomous, broad, dingy yellow, edge obtuse.

      [Coemansii, Rab. P. campan. tomentose, whitish, edge incurved; g. fold-like, somewhat forked, cinnamon.

ARRHENIA, Fr.

1. * Stem lateral.

   [auriscalpium, Fr. Brown. P. thin, convex, glabrous; g. vein-like, few, distant, simple; s. exactly lateral, straight, downy.

   Resembling Hyduum auriscalpium in form, but smaller.

2. ** Pileus sessile.

   [tenella, Fr. P. .5-1 cm. effuso-reflexed, thin, soft, blackish, becoming lobed; g. vein-like, simple, with shorter ones, dark.

   [cupularis, Fr. P. 2-3 mm. resupinate, soft, orbicular, outside even, downy, grey; g. vein-like, simple, radiating from centre.

   Resembles young condition of Pleurotus applicatus.

   [fimicola, Bagl. P. resupinate, thin, concavo-patellate, flesh-colour, with a byssoid border; veins very slight, distant.

NYCTALIS, Fr.

1. A. Speleae. Gills crowded, more or less coalescent. Very doubtful, probably morbid forms of Agarics.

   [verpoides, Fr. P. campan. obtuse, glabrous, brown; g. very thick, coalescent; s. equal, rigid, striate, glabrous.

   [cryptarum, Secr. Foetid. P. conico-deformed, brown; g. adnexed, undulate, subcoalescent, flocculose, fleshy-grey; s. unequal, flexuose, hoary-fibrillose.

   [canaliculata, Pers. P. pallid white, oblique, subumbil. almost glabrous; g. crowded, distinct, almost simple, edge slightly canaliculate; s. solid, subundulate, naked.

   caliginosa, W. G. Sm. P. subumb. edge incurved, greyish, white and silky when dry, 1 cm.; g. subdecur. thick, narrow, branched, grey; s. 3-5 cm. often inflated, whitish, silky, hollow, rusty inside; sp. 5 × 3.

2. B. Parasitae. Gills distinct from each other, distant. Growing on decaying fungi.

   [nauseosa, Weinm. Smell nauseous. P. fleshy, globose then hemisph. ochraceous, pulverulent, edge involute; g. distant, forked, pallid; s. fistulose, thick, obliquely sulcate and twisted, pallid.

   Larger than N. asterophora.

   asterophora, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. conical then hemispher. fawn, mealy with large stellate conidia; g. adnate, distant, rather forked, dingy; s. 1-1.5 cm. whitish pruinose then brownish, twisted; sp. 3 × 2.

   parasitica, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conical then exp. irreg. with grey meal formed of large, elliptical, smooth conidia; g. adnate, thick, distant, then forked and anastomosing, dusky; s. 2-6 cm. whitish, floccosely downy; sp. 5 × 3.5.

   [microphylla, Corda. P. hemispher. soft, glabrous, naked, white; g. adnate, entire, dingy white; s. glabrous, bluish.

   [vopiscus, Fr. P. cup-shaped, reflexed then recurved, pallid; g. thick, radiating from centre; s. short, excentric, curved, flocculose, pallid.

LENTINUS, Fr.

1. A. Mesopodes. Pileus subentire; stem distinct.
   1. * Pileus squamulose.

      tigrinus, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. orbicular, umbil. whitish, with blackish innate scales; g. very narrow, tinged yellow; s. 3-5 cm. slender, squamulose; sp. 7 × 3.5.

      Dunalii, Fr. P. umbil. deformed, pallid with spot-like adpressed scales which disappear; g. crowded, pallid; s. 1.5-2 cm. rather silky; sp. ——.

      lepideus, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. tough, depr. irreg. pale ochre breaking up into darker spot-like scales; g. sinuato-decur. broad, whitish; s. 2-3 cm. stout, rooting, tomentosely squamulose; sp. 7 × 3. (10-14 × 6 Sacc.)

      var. contiguus, Fr. P. thinner, plano-depr. and with the slender stem, even.

      [gallicus, Q. P. ivory colour with tawny lilac flecks, then areolate; s. pubescent, white, apex sulcate, then torn into scales, flesh coloured; g. white, decur. in lines; sp. 10-12 long.

      [sitaneus, Fr. P. elastic, convex, unequal, grey, fibrillosely scaly; g. deeply decur. base anastomosing; s. firm, curved, fibrillose.

      [degener, Kalchb. P. hemispher. exp. ochre with tawny scales; g. very narrow, anastomosing; s. stout, scaly, base blackish.

      [contortus, Fr. P. orbicular, umbil. tawny rufescent with darker scales; g. crowded, subdecur.; s. twisted, subsulcate, squamulose.

      [Queletii, Schulz. P. at first regular, edge incurved, umber, then depr. edge wavy and split, and becoming pale or almost white, scaly; g. pale ochre, edge torn; s. branched, excentric, colour of p. squamulose; sp. 7-8 × 3.

   2. ** Pileus villose or pulverulent.

      leontopodius, Schulz. P. 7-16 cm. tough, irreg. slightly tomentose, disc depr. tan, edge bent down, lobed; g. decur. connected by veins, sides rugose; s. 6-9 cm. stout, woody, pulverulent, tan, base blackish; sp. 12-15 long.

      [domesticus, Karst. Very large. P. tough, edge thin, subinfundib. oblique, irregular, cuticle broken up into darker adpressed revolute scales, rusty; g. deeply decur. toothed, narrowed at both ends, very broad, pale tawny rusty then reddish; s. excentric, solid, rusty, squamulose; sp. 3-5 × 2-3.

      [hornotinus, Fr. P. deformed, pulverulent, grey; g. crowded, white; s. caespitosely branched, unequal, rather woody.

      [pulverulentus, Scop. P. tough, convex, yellow, white-pulverulent; g. toothed, white; s. stout, equal, rigid, with white powder.

      [lusitanicus, Kalchb. P. oblique, not compact, depr. sublobed, tomentose, becoming naked, tan; g. decur. crowded, anastomosing, white; s. short, excentric or lateral, solid, even, glabrous, colour of p.; sp. ——.

      resinaceus, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. tough, excentric, cinnamon-ochre, villose, matted with resin; g. crowded, shining white; s. 2 cm. partly hollow, downy; sp. ——.

      adhaerens, A. and S. P. 2-3 cm. tough, irreg. lacunose, rather pulverulent; g. decur. in lines, very thin, torn, white; s. colour of p. glutinous, rooting; sp. ——.

      P. and s. appear as if lacquered from the dried gluten.

   3. *** Pileus glabrous.

      [suffrutescens, Fr. P. tough, convex then infundib. glabrous, somewhat rusty; g. crenato-torn, yellowish; s. elongated, somewhat branched, woody.

      [auricolor, Brig. Subcaespitose, golden yellow, oblique; g. decur.; s. fibroso-woody, subexcentric, distorted.

      [anisatus. P. tough, subflabelliform or obliquely subinfundib. somewhat lobed, whitish; g. decur. tinged yellow, edge entire; s. lateral or excentric, short, pallid; sp. 6-7 × 3.5.

      [jugis, Fr. White. P. irreg. lobed, glabrous, rather viscid; g. dentate; s. short, irreg. scaly.

      [umbellatus, Fr. P. tough, umbil. pervious, glabrous, yellowish grey; g. very narrow, white; s. branched, sulcate.

      cochleatus, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. tough, flaccid, irreg. depr. or infundib. reddish cinnamon; g. crowded, serrate, pinkish white; s. solid, length variable, several frequently more or less grown together, sulcate, glabrous; sp. ——.

      Edible. Smell sometimes spicy, at others almost none.

      [friabilis, Fr. Caespitose, fleshy-fibrous, fragile, becoming pale. P. thin, subdimidiate, umbilicate, pervious into partly hollow contorted s.; g. crowded, narrow.

      [omphalodes, Fr. Solitary. P. thin, tough, at first deeply umbil. livid straw-colour then pale, limb convex then exp. and wavy; g. decur. arcuate, pallid; s. central, thin, tough, glabrous, scrobiculate.

      [bisus, Q. P. tough, convex, exp. deeply umbil. irreg. excentric, edge lobed, livid grey, umbil. fuscous; g. sinuato-decur. greyish white, edge toothed; s. brown, longitudinally sulcate, twisted, excentric; sp. glob. 4-5.

      [badius, Bres. P. thin, tough, regular, excentric, or subdimidiate, with longitudinal cristate veins, bay then pale; g. very distant, edge deeply and irreg. crenate; s. short, greyish-lilac; sp. 5-6 × 4-4.5.

      [Bresadolae, Schulz. (= L. divisus, Schulz.) P. soon irreg. infundib. wavy and sinuate, glabrous, even, pale smoky fuscous; g. distant, spuriously decur.; s. very tough, obconic, subrooting, tinged reddish; sp. 8-10 long.

      [hispidosus, Fr. Caespitose. P. thin, subdimidiate, lobed, infundib. hispidly scaly, rusty, edge torn, proliferous; g. serrulate; s. many, growing out of each other.

2. B. Pleuroti. Dimidiate, sessile or with a sublateral stem.

   scoticus, B. and Br. P. 2-5 cm. thin, umbil. or infundib. smooth, pallid or brownish, hygr.; g. decur. when stem is present, pallid, strongly toothed; s. excentric or lateral, variable, darker than p. springing from a branched brown mycelium; sp. 5-6 × 4.

   fimbriatus, Currey. P. 1-2 cm. thin, depr. behind, pale fawn with darker scales, margin hairy; g. narrow, tinged brown; s. .5 cm. thin, whitish; sp. ——.

   [ursinus, Fr. P. sessile, imbricated, ear-shaped, ascending, even, rufous brown, brownish tomentose behind with age, edge entire, glabrous; g. broad, torn, whitish.

   [castoreus, Fr. P. subsessile, imbricate, pilei tongue-shaped, glabrous, subrugose, rufous then tan, edge involute, entire; g. closely crowded, rufescent.

   vulpinus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. tough, shell-shaped, imbricate, connate behind, longitudinally corrugated with ribs, floccoso-scrupose, tan, edge incurved, entire; g. broad, torn, white; sp. glob. 2.

   [auricula, Fr. White, caespitosely imbricated, p. dimidiate, sessile, ascending, glabrous, at length revolute; g. linear, densely crenulate; sp. glob. 3.

   Habit of Pleur. porrigens.

   [suavissimis, Fr. Smell very pleasant. Subsessile, white, thin, peltate, even, glabrous; g. dentate, decurrent from base, anastomosing.

   flabelliformis, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. subsessile, thin, tough, reniform, glabrous, fawn-colour, edge crenato-fimbriate; g. broad, torn, pallid.

   [tomentellus, Karst. Subsessile, imbricately tufted, coriaceous, p. horizontal, tongue-shaped or obovoid, tomentose, whitish then tinged rufescent, yellowish when dry, edge wavy, incurved; g. much crowded, narrow, whitish, tinged red when dry, edge toothed.

   [hygrophanus, Harz. P. conchate, woolly, digitately lobed, white then yellowish ochre, glabrous, hygr. fragile, fixed by a narrow lateral point; g. densely and acutely dentato-serrate; sp. glob. 3-3.5.

PANUS, Fr.

1. * Pileus irregular; stem excentric.

   [farneus, Fr. P. compact, hard, irreg. circinate, nearly plane, unequal, dingy yellow; g. adnate, crowded; s. short, glabrous, sulcate, pinkish.

   [cyathiformis, Schaeff. P. obliquely cup-shaped, wavy, squamulose, brick-red then pale; g. crowded, pallid then yellowish; s. very short, even, firm, excentric.

   [fulvidus, Bres. P. tough, thin, convex or subcampan. exp. gibbous or umb. tawny then pale, with brown squamules, edge fibrilloso-sulcate; g. almost free, white; s. solid, white, narrowed to a rooting base, apex sulcate; sp. 12-18 × 6-9.

   [urnula, Fr. Subsessile, imbricated. P. subexcentric, urniform, even, glabrous, fuscous, pale when dry, edge lobed; g. attenuato-decur. grey.

   [vaporarius, Bagl. Caespitose imbricate. P. subcoriaceous, base narrowed, erect, spathulate then utriculiform, undulately lobed, pruinose, dingy white then livid violet; g. decur. very narrow, tinged rose.

   conchatus, Fr. P. tough, thin, unequal, excentric, dimidiate, cinnamon then pale, becoming squamulose, 3-9 cm.; g. decur. in lines, somewhat branched, pinkish then ochre; s. 1-2 cm. unequal, base pubescent; sp. ——.

   Rigid and the gills crisped or wavy when dry.

   torulosus, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. plano-infundib. even, flesh colour then ochre; g. decur. rather distant, reddish then tan; s. 1-2 cm. stout, oblique, greyish-tomentose; sp. ——.

   rudis, Fr. Caespitose. P. 4-6 cm. tough, depressed, sinuate, reddish-tan, bristling with tufts of hairs; g. decur. narrow, crowded, pale buff; s. very short or obsolete, hirsute; sp. ——.

   [Lamyanus, Mont. P. orbicular, edge incurved, and, with the central stem, tawny umber and fasciculately hirsute; g. narrow, thick, forked, decur.

   [granulatus, Berk. and Mont. Entirely rusty-saffron; p. semiorbicular; s. short, excentric, granular; g. sparingly connected by veins.

   [Schurii, Schulz. P. coriaceous, flattened, centre concave, wavy, obconic, even, glabrous, whitish; g. decur. narrow, pallid; s. central, fibrillose, short or almost absent.

   [inverse-conicus, Lerchenf. and Schulz. P. flattened, broadly umbil. whitish, edge incurved, inversely conical; g. decur. both ends acute; s. central, cylindrical, white then brown.

2. ** Stem definitely lateral.

   [foetens, Fr. Foetid. P. spongy, spathulate, convex then depr. yellowish white, rather silky, base continued into a long stem channelled above; g. decur. firm, crowded, reddish-yellow.

   [cochlearis, Pers. Caespitose, tawny. P. oval, convex, spathulate, hirsute, edge involute, entire; s. lateral; g. decur.

   stipticus, Fr. Taste hot and pungent. P. thin, flexible, reniform, cinnamon then pale, broken up into scurfy squamules; g. determinate, thin, reticulately joined, cinnamon; s. lateral, very short, dilated into the p.; sp. 3 × 2.

   [flabellulum, A. and S. P. dimidiate, flabellate, subsquamulose, produced into a short stem-like base, white then fawn; g. decur. crowded; sp. 2.5-3.5.

   [tenuis, Wetts. P. thin, reniform or suborbicular, convex then exp. ochre or subfuscous, glabrous, somewhat shining; g. numerous, very thin, colour of p.; s. lateral, oblique; sp. 2.5 × 1.5.

   farinaceus, Schum. P. 1.5-2 cm. flexuous, dusky cinnamon, broken up into greyish-white scurf which falls away; g. free, distinct, pale; s. lateral, short; sp. ——.

   var. albido-tomentosus, Cke. and Mass. P. with short, whitish velvety down, semicircular; g. honey colour; sp. subgl. 5.

   [Schultzii, Kalchb. P. spathulato-flabelliform, rigid, coriaceous, concentrically sulcate, radiately rugose, dingy brick-red; g. crowded, paler than p., edge brownish; s. expanding into pileus, apex virgate; sp. 3 × 1.

   Allied to P. stypticus.

3. *** Pileus resupinate, sessile or produced to a point of attachment behind.

   [violaceofulvus, Q. P. resupinate, thin, hygr. cup-shaped then exp. and reflexed, pulverulent, violet-umber; g. pale violet.

   [ringens, Fr. P. resupinate, thin, flaccid, orbicular then partly closed over and gaping, reddish-brown, edge striate; g. simple, flesh-colour.

   patellaris, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. resupinate, plano-depr. orbicular, pallid scurfy or downy, edge involute; g. ochraceous; sp. 4 × 3.

   Stevensonii, B. and Br. P. spathulate, olive yellow; s. dilated above convex, golden, slightly hispid; g. narrow, entire; flesh greenish-yellow.

   [pudens, Q. P. cup-shaped then pendulous, with white pubescence, edge becoming rosy; g. tinted lilac.

   [Delastri, Mont. Resupinate, coriaceous, urceolato-turbinate, vertex protruding as a tomentose stem, edge incurved; g. brownish purple, edge white-pruinose.

   [lithophilus, Fr. P. resupinate, flattened, sessile, adnate, downy, edge free; g. radiating from a point, amethyst.

XEROTUS, Fr.

degener, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, plano-infundib. edge entire, greyish bay, slightly zoned when moist; g. distant, decur. simple or dichot. greyish; s. 1-2 cm. brown with white down.

A very uncertain sp. probably some Clitocybe. Quélet says it is an old condition of Cantharellus carbonarius.

[romanus, Fr. P. glabrous, thin, exp. umbil. even, brownish, edge lobed; g. thick, crisped, rufescent; s. rigid, fistulose, black.

LENZITES, Fr.

1. * Growing on Angiosperms.

   [albida, Fr. P. corky, soft, plane, zoneless, whitish, tomentose; g. thin, dichot. anastomosing, entire, whitish. Effuso-reflexed.

   betulina, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. firm, long, 2-5 cm. broad, broadly attached, flesh 4-6 mm. thick, pallid or tinged brown, rather zoned, tomentose; g. thin, forked, whitish; sp. 4 × 2.

   flaccida, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. flaccid, more or less flabelliform, thin, strigose, zoned, pallid; g. broad, crowded, unequally branched, whitish; sp. 7 × 5.

   [variegata, Fr. P. rigid, plane, velvety, zoned with different colour, edge whitish; g. broad, thickish, anastomosing, white, edge torn.

   Habit and colour of Poly. versicolor.

   [trabea, Fr. P. coriaceous, flattened, rugulose, almost glabrous, brownish; g. straight, simple and forked, freely anastomosing, entire, reddish.

   Habit of Dedaelea quercina but thinner.

   [cinnamomea, Fr. P. coriaceous, flattened, firm, downy, concentrically sulcate, inside and out cinnamon; g. rather distant, straight, unequal, almost simple, narrow, entire, colour of p.

   var. crocata, Sacc. P. strigosely velvety, sulcate, brown; g. yellow, edge unequal, paler, trama bright saffron.

   [tricolor, Fr. P. corky, plane, base gibbous, scabrid, zoned and radiately rugulose, yellow then dingy; g. thin, distant, forked, anastomosing behind, citrin then umber.

2. ** Growing on Gymnosperms.

   sepiaria, Fr. P. 3-9 cm. long, hard, zoned, bay, strigose, rough; g. branched, anastomosing, yellowish; sp. 5 × 4.

   abietina, Fr. P. 3-12 cm. effuso-reflexed, umber-tomentose then nearly glabrous, hoary; g. decur. simple, unequal, with white meal; sp. 7-8 × 4.

   [pinastri, Kalchb. P. coriaceous, rigid, convex, tomentose, obsoletely zoned, disc hoary, edge with broad rusty band; g. densely anastomosing, pallid.

   [Queletii, Schulz. P. generally reniform, corky, pale ochre becoming deep yellow when wet, closely zoned; g. thick, anastomosing and forming pores behind, whitish, edge tan; sp. 13-18 × 6-8.

   var. populina, Schulz. P. narrowed into stem-like base, tomentose, greyish or ochre; g. sometimes greyish, edge subserrulate.

   var. crassior, Schulz. P. blackish grey and scabrid behind, rest hispid-tomentose; sp. 4 × 1.

   [Bresadolae, Schulz. (= L. tricolor, Kalch. not of Fr.). P. semiorbicular, broadly adnate, gibbous, subtomentose, multizoned, interruptedly radially wrinkled, umber then tawny; edge of g. colour of p., sides paler; flesh fuscous.

   Reichardtii, Schulz. Subimbricated. P. semiorbicular, adnate, base brownish, ochre or whitish towards edge, grey when old, imperfectly zoned; g. tan, at first white mealy, some forked.

   [heteromorpha, Fr. Coriaceous, thin, effuso-reflexed, gibbous, fibroso-rugose, pallid, margin incised into broad plates, crowded, somewhat branched, white, excurrent.

   var. resupinata, Fr. Resupinate, porose.

   [labyrinthica, Q. and Schulz. P. irregularly rounded, edge sinuate, produced behind into a short stem-like base, greyish white, base darker, not zoned but with scattered warts; lamellate in front underneath, behind white, glabrous and sterile; g. tan, anastomosing and forming labyrinthiform pores; sp. 6-8 × 3-4.

   [faventina, Caldesi. P. dimidiate, sessile, corky, tuberculato-scrobiculate, whitish then grey; g. radiating, irreg. porose behind, tinged yellow, edge acute, darker.

   [mollis, Heufler. P. broadly exp. incurved, soft, edge brown with darker zones, centre grey; g. strongly anastomosing, greyish or wood-colour.

   [septentrionalis, Karst. P. sessile, dimidiate, gibbous behind, floccose, radiately rugulose, pallid brownish with darker zones, almost glabrous, edge thin, blackish; g. simple, crowded, very broad, fuscous.

   [sorbina, Karst. P. corky, effuso-reflexed, imbricate, almost glabrous, usually even, not zoned, thin, pallid, edge obtuse; g. anastomosing, dingy white, thickish.

TROGIA, Fr.

crispa, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. shallowly cup-shaped, reflexed, lobed, downy, yellowish brown, edge whitish; g. fold-like, dichotomous, crisped, greyish-white; sp. subgl. 5-6.

In the only European sp. the edge of gills not channelled.

SCHIZOPHYLLUM, Fr.

commune, Fr. P. thin, more or less fan-shaped or reniform, often much lobed, narrowed behind to a point of attachment, whitish, downy then strigose; g. radiating, narrow, brownish, edge split; sp. subgl. 5-6.

var. multifidum, Mass. (= S. multifidum, Fr.) P. deeply incised, segments narrow.