European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

CHLOROSPORAE.

RHODOSPORAE.

VOLVARIA, Fr.

1. * Pileus dry, silky, or fibrillose.

   bombycina, Schaeff. P. 9-18 cm. campan. then exp. and subumb. white, silky-fibrillose; g. flesh-colour; s. 7-14 cm. solid, attenuated, glabrous, white, volva ample; sp. 6-7 × 4.

   [regia, Fr. P. convex then exp. white or with a reddish tinge, glabrous, dry; g. crowded; s. white or tinged yellow, solid, glabrous; ring persistent; volva white, large.

   volvacea, Bull. P. 5-7 cm. campan. then exp. obtuse, grey or greyish-yellow, virgate with adpressed black fibrils; g. flesh-colour; s. 5-9 cm. solid, subequal, white, volva large; sp. 6-8 × 3.5-4.

   [arenaria, Otth. P. campan. exp. umb. silky fibrillose, whitish brown, disc darker, dry; g. crowded, near to stem, subventricose; s. rather shining, whitish, base thickened; volva mostly adherent, laciniate, brownish.

   Loveiana, Berk. P. 5-7 cm. convex, obtuse, white, silky; g. pinkish-salmon; s. bulbous, narrowed upwards, solid, white, volva irreg. lobed; sp. 4-5 × 3.

   Parasitic on Clitocybe nebularis.

   Taylori, Berk. P. 3-5 cm. conical then obtuse, livid, edge paler, striately cracked; g. narrowest behind; s. 4-5 cm. equal, solid, whitish; volva lobed, brownish; sp. 5 × 3.5-4.

   Differs from V. volvacea by gills being narrowed behind, and small brown volva.

   [grisea, Q. P. flexuous, silky-villose; g. crisped, hoary; s. short, tomentose; volva trilobed; sp. 8-9.

   [murinella, Q. P. campan. villose, grey; g. remote, ventricose; s. slightly striate, white; volva 3-4 lobed, white; sp. 6-8 × 3-4.

   [hypopithys, Fr. Small. Shining white. P. conical then campan. dry, silky; g. white then flesh-colour; s. solid, equal, pubescent, adpressedly silky; volva bilobed; sp. 6-8 × 4.

2. ** Pileus more or less viscid and (one species excepted) glabrous.

   [rhodomela, Lasch. P. campan. then exp. somewhat sooty, squamulose, viscid; g. reddish; s. solid, attenuated, delicately floccoso-downy then almost glabrous; volva small, floccose.

   speciosa, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. P. soft, campan. then exp. obtuse, glabrous, viscid edge even, white or disc greyish; g. flesh-colour; s. 10-18 cm. subbulbous, solid, attenuated, villose, white; volva lax, villose; sp. 14-16 × 8.

   [theiodes, Saut. P. campan. then exp. citrin, mealy, with deciduous squamules, broadly umb. edge sulcate; g. free, broad; s. hollow, fuscous.

   gloiocephala, D. C. P. 7-11 cm. campan. then exp. umb. glutinous, sooty, edge striate; g. reddish; s. 8-14 cm. solid, glabrous, whitish, tinged brown below; volva adnate except a small free margin; sp. 10-12 × 6-7.

   viperina, Fr. P. persistently conical, acute, grey; g. tinged yellow then flesh-colour; s. solid, equal, closely sheathed by the thin volva.

   media, Schum. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, viscid, silky when dry, white or disc tinged brown; g. rosy; s. 4-7 cm. solid, equal, glabrous, white; volva lobed; sp. 5 × 3.5.

   Intermediate in size between V. speciosa and V. parvula; differs from former in glabrous s. and volva, and from latter in solid stem.

   parvula, Fr. White. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. campan. then plane, umb. disc often tinged brown; g. flesh-colour; s. 2-3 cm. equal, subfistulose, silky; volva lax, usually 3-4 lobed; sp. 5 × 3.5.

   var. biloba, Cke. S. stuffed, pubescent; volva bilobed.

   temperata, Berk. P. 1-1.5 cm. convex then exp. and umb., disc tinged tawny, rest whitish, striate; g. pale salmon; s. 1.5-2.5 cm. whitish, volva rather large, lobed; sp. 4 × 2.5.

ANNULARIA, Schulz.

laevis, Krombh. P. 4-6 cm. convex subumb. whitish; g. free, narrowed behind, becoming pale flesh-colour; s. 4-6 cm. base swollen, white, ring large, free; sp. subgl. 7-8.

[Fenzlii, Schulz. P. ovate then exp. sulphur then egg-yellow; g. ventricose, rosy; s. soon hollow, subattenuated, sulphur below the median ring.

[alutacea, Pers. P. campan. obtusely umb. glabrous, tan; g. crowded; s. glabrous, ring lax.

[xanthogramma, Ces. P. convex, umb. squamulosely punctate from the umbo, milk-white with densely crowded yellow striae; g. very broad, crowded; s. stuffed, thin, obsoletely annulate below middle.

transilvanica, Schulz. P. campan. striate to vertex, whitish, apex darker, edge lobed; g. crowded, unequal; s. hollow, paler than p., flocculose, ring complete, membranous.

PLUTEUS, Fr.

1. * Cuticle of pileus fibrillose or floccose.

   cervinus, Schaeff. P. 4-9 cm. campan. exp. even, glabrous, then broken up into fibrillose squamules which fall away, smoky with a yellowish or fawn-coloured tinge; g. white then flesh-colour; s. 5-9 cm. solid, whitish with black fibrils; sp. 7-8 × 5-6; cystidia ventricose.

   var. rigens, Pers. P. grey, blackish, virgate or squamulose; s. glabrous, somewhat shining.

   var. patricius, Schulz. P. whitish then grey with umber or tan scales, then almost glabrous, silky shining, and radiately cracked; s. even, white.

   var. eximius, Saund. and Sm. Large and showy. P. even, with a separable viscid pellicle, reddish-umber, vermilion near edge when young; s. fibrillose, at length blackish.

   var. petasatus, Fr. P. umb. glabrous, greyish white, with a separable pellicle, at length striate to middle; s. fibrillosely striate, at length tawny.

   var. Bullii, Berk. P. convex, smooth, even, pallid, disc darker; s. pale brown.

   [sororiata, Karst. P. campan. exp. floccosely scaly, yellow; g. flesh-colour; s. pallid then yellowish; sp. 7-8 × 6.

   [montellicus, Sacc. P. flesh spongy, dry, exp. yellowish, almost glabrous; g. olive-grey; s. fibrous, rufescent, incurved; sp. 10 × 8.

   umbrosus, Pers. P. 3-5 cm. campan. then exp. lacunose-rugose, at first downy, umber, edge ciliato-fimbriate; g. edge smoky-fimbriate; s. 4-7 cm. solid, squamulosely downy, pale; sp. 6-7 × 5; cystidia ventricose.

   Differs from P. cervinus in downy p. and dark-edged gills.

   ephebius, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, covered with bluish down, edge naked; g. yellowish flesh-colour; s. 4-7 cm. stuffed, glabrous, slightly striate, whitish or tinged grey; sp. 7 × 4.

   Differs from P. cervinus in minutely downy p. which is sometimes brownish-violet.

   var. drepanophyllus, Schulz. P. umber; s. at length hollow.

   [granulatus, Bres. (= plautus, Q., not of Fr.) P. campan. then exp. hygr. edge striate, rufescent, densely covered with minute granules of same colour; g. free, edge fimbriate; s. hyaline-white, often compressed, grooved, rather scurfy, somewhat rooting; sp. 6-8.

   violarius, Mass. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. hemisph. then nearly plane, minutely velvety, watery, dark purple, flesh grey; g. flesh-colour, edge serrulate; s. 2-3 cm. hollow, whitish upwards, base pale brown with black fibrils; sp. subgl. 5-6.

   salicinus, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. exp. subumb. bluish-grey, disc darker and floccosely rugose; g. rosy; s. 2-3 cm. stuffed, fibrillose, bluish-white; sp. ——.

   var. beryllus, Pers. P. greenish.

   var. floccosus, Karst. P. floccosely scaly.

   hispidulus, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. convexo-plane, pilose or silky, grey, edge at length slightly striate; g. flesh-colour; s. 3-4 cm. fistulose, even, glabrous, silvery-white; sp. ——.

   [curtus, Karst. P. convexo-exp. obtuse, longitudinally fibrillose or cracked, with short, stout, erect, muricately squarrose scales at disc, pallid then fuscescent; g. adnexed, broad, ventricose; s. rigid, short, equal, wavy, floccosely squamulose, fuscescent, apex naked; sp. rough, 5 × 3-4.

   Resembling Inocybe lacera but smaller and shorter.

   pellitus, Fr. White. P. 2-4 cm. convexo-plane, even, dry, silky; g. flesh-colour; s. 3-4 cm. stuffed, glabrous, even, shining; sp. ——.

   var. punctillifer, Q. P. exp. whitish, centre tinged fuscous, and with minute umber squamules; s. whitish, squamulose below; sp. 3-4.

   var. gracilis, Bres. P. white, becoming very faintly tinged umber at disc; s. cylindrical, glabrous; sp. 5-6 long.

   [Roberti, Fr. P. convex then plane, obtuse, slightly hairy, not sulcate, white tinged fuscous; g. very broad, shining white; s. apex hollow, solid below and slightly thickened.

   Fries considers this sp. as near to P. semibulbosus notwithstanding the white gills.

2. ** Pileus atomately pruinose, subpulverulent.

   [plautus, Weinm. P. campan. exp. even, glabrous, tan when moist, smoky hoary; g. flesh-colour; s. fistulose, soft like velvet, blackish brown.

   var. terrestris, Bres. P. exp. edge wavy, dry, pruinosely velvety, sooty black, rugulose; g. edge subfimbriate; s. velvety, blackish; sp. 6 × 5.

   [cinereus, Q. Scurfy-flocculose, grey. P. with raised veins forming pits; s. springing from a white byssoid mycelium; sp. glob. 6-8.

   nanus, Pers. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, rugulose, smoky, sprinkled with floccose bloom; g. flesh-colour; 3-4 cm. solid, rigid, striate, white; sp. subgl. echin. 5-6.

   var. lutescens, Fr. Stem and g. or first only, yellowish.

   var. major, Cke. Larger. P. even, greyish.

   All the forms differ from P. cervinus and its vars. in having subglobose spores.

   [exiguus, Pat. P. exp. reddish brown, bristling with minute squamules; g. distant from stem, ventricose; s. white, pruinose, thickened at base, solid; sp. 6-7 × 3.

   Near P. nanus, but smaller and p. squamulose.

   melanodon, Secr. P. convexo-plane, umb. pulverulent, edge slightly striate, dull yellow; g. pale flesh-colour, edge with minute black teeth; s. fistulose, slender, firm, glabrous, shining.

   spilopus, B. and Br. (= spodopileus, Sacc.) P. 2-3 cm. exp. subumb. radiately rugulose, brownish or dark fawn; g. pale salmon; s. 3-4 cm. equal, whitish or tinged fawn, with scattered black points, solid; sp. subgl. 7-8.

   semibulbosus, Lasch. White. P. 1-2 cm. hemispher. obtuse, atomately mealy, sulcate; g. pale flesh-colour; s. 1.5-2 cm. pubescent, base swollen; sp. ——.

   [candidus, Pat. Small. P. convex, even, white, silky; g. rosy; s. white, downy, base thickened.

3. *** Pileus naked, glabrous.

   roseoalbus, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. even, glabrous, rosy, edge naked; g. rather distant, flesh-colour; s. 4-6 cm. solid, attenuated, whitish or tinged red, with white meal; sp. rough, subgl. 5-6.

   leoninus, Schaeff. P. 3-5 cm. thin, campan. then exp. glabrous, naked, yellow, or tinged tawny; g. yellowish flesh-colour; s. 4-7 cm. solid, glabrous, striate, whitish; sp. ——.

   var. coccineus, Cke. P. crimson-orange or vermilion.

   [luteomarginatus, Roll. P. obtuse, umb. campan. deformed then exp. yellow, but at same time covered with sooty down, striato-virgate; g. crowded, rosy, edge golden-yellow; s. silky, yellow with rosy fibrils; sp. 7.5 × 6.

   chrysophaeus, Schaeff. P. 3-4 cm. campan. exp. naked, glabrous, virgate, cinnamon, edge striate; g. white then flesh-colour; s. imperfectly hollow, glabrous, whitish or yellowish; sp. ——.

   phlebophorus, Ditm. P. 3-5 cm. convex then exp. rugosely veined, umber, edge even, naked; g. white then flesh-colour; s. 3-4 cm. subincurved, glabrous, shining, whitish; sp. ——.

   var. marginatus, Q. P. rugose, granulate, clear brown; g. with sooty crenulate edge; s. pellucid, white; sp. glob. 8.

   [Godeyi, Gill. P. campan. then exp. umb. very glabrous, rugulose, striate, livid grey sometimes tinged green, rather viscid; g. broad, joined by veins; s. white or tinged grey.

   [aurantio-rugosus, Trog. P. campan. then conico-exp. areolately wrinkled, reddish yellow, disc almost vermilion; g. crowded, serrulate, broad; s. yellowish, thickened below and tinged red, brown-fibrillose; sp. globose.

   [cyanopus, Q. P. rugosely granular, pruinose, umber-bay; g. remote from s., white then glaucous; s. silky, blue, base cottony, white; sp. 6 diam.

   umbrinellus, Sommerf. P. convex, exp. even, edge fimbriate; g. white then flesh-colour; s. fistulose, rooting, tough, glabrous, shining.

   [tenuiculus, Q. P. rather small, subglobose, striate, umber; g. semiorbicular; s. slender, pruinose, white; sp. glob. 10.

ENTOLOMA, Fr.

1. I. Genuini. Pileus glabrous, moist or viscid.

   sinuatum, Fr. P. 8-14 cm. compact, exp. and depr. wavy, even, yellowish white; g. very broad, crowded; s. 7-12 cm. solid, fibrillose, white; sp. rough, 8-9. Poisonous.

   lividum, Bull. P. 7-10 cm. exp. dry, even, longitudinally fibrillose, livid tan; g. broad; s. 5-7 cm. white, glabrous, apex pruinose; sp. subgl. rough, 8-10.

   var. roseus, Cke. P. whitish ochre, disc rosy.

   prunuloides, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. campan. then exp. and umb. glabrous, rather viscid, yellowish or livid then pale; g. emarginato-free, ventricose; s. 6-8 cm. solid, unequal, white; sp. subgl. rough, 8-10.

   porphyrophaeum, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. campan. then exp. umb. and wavy, smoky fuscous then pale; g. truncate behind, almost free; s. 5-7 cm. solid, narrowed from the thickened base, fibrous, naked, smoky purple; sp. rough, 8-10.

   Differs from E. jubatum in glabrous p. and hollow s.

   repandum, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. conical then exp. umb. pale ochre striate or spotted with darker colour, edge incurved, lobed; g. broadest in front; s. 3-5 cm. solid, silky, white; sp. globose, rough, 8. (11 × 6 Sacc.)

   erophilum, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, dry, pale grey, virgate or venosely striate; g. rounded-adnate, broad; s. solid, short, pruinose; sp. 8 × 6.

   Often growing in large circles.

   [holophaeum, Bres. and Schulz. (Ag. plebejoides, Schulz.) Entirely umber outside and inside, pileus and base of stem darkest; g. at length greyish; sp. r. 8-10.

   [pyreniacum, Q. P. umb. silky-virgate, silvery grey; g. greyish; s. white, fibrillosely striate; sp. rough, 12 long.

   placenta, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. umb. plane, even, regular, livid purplish; g. crowded, thickish; s. 4-7 cm. solid, fibrously striate, brown; sp. glob. 8.

   helodes, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. plane, subumb. livid purplish or smoky, often spotted; g. attenuato-adnate, white then rosy; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, pallid, fibrillose, base somewhat thickened; sp. globose, rough, 10.

   [quisquilaris, Karst. P. convex exp. subumb. slightly pruinose, reddish or reddish-bay, disc darker, edge incurved, even; g. crowded; s. subequal, reddish then blackish-bay; sp. 7-10 × 4-5.

   [fuliginarium, Karst. P. convex then subdepr. glabrous, edge incurved at first, pellucidly striate, pitch-black then livid; g. adnate, crowded, oblong, pallid; s. paler than p., apex white pruinose; sp. ——.

   bulbigenum, B. and Br. (= E. Persoonianum, Phil. and Plow.) P. 2-3 cm. campan. or hemispher. obtuse, slightly tomentosely scaly, white; g. adnexed; s. 5-7 cm. fibrillose, whitish, hollow, base somewhat bulbous; sp. rough, 13-15.

   Batschianum, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. umb.-convex then plane and depr. even, viscid, blackish; g. grey; s. 5-7 cm. tough, adpressedly fibrillose, grey, base narrowed; sp. subgl. rough, 7-9.

   [cudon, Fr. P. tough and cartilaginous, conical, acute, blackish umber, edge incurved; g. crowded, smoky purple; s. short; glabrous, pallid.

   Bloxami, Berk. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, dingy blue, purple, or slate-colour, edge inclined to be lobed; g. pale rose; s. 3-4 cm. solid, colour of p.; sp. globose, rough, 9-10.

   ardosiacum, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. campan.-convex, obtuse, deep blue with brown tinge, then greyish; g. free; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, blue, base white; sp. subgl. rough, 9-10.

   [nitidum, Q. (= E. ardosiacum, Fr. Ic. t. 94, f. 4, not of Bull.) P. campan. silky-shining, dusky bluish-violet, edge lilac, flesh white; g. free, broad, white then flesh-colour; s. slender, often twisted, shining, colour of p.; sp. rough, 8.

   madidum, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3-5 cm. campan. exp. obtuse, viscid, blackish-violet, sooty when old; g. greyish white; s. 5-8 cm. hollow, violet, thickened base white; sp. rough, 8.

   liquescens, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. exp. broadly umb. ochre, disc darker; g. free, white then dingy lilac; s. 5-8 cm. white, hollow; sp. subgl. rough, 7-8.

   Gills deliquesce when mature.

   [excentricum, Bres. P. campan. exp. mammilate, glabrous, tinged tan; g. emarginate; s. cylindrical, colour of p. apex scurfy, always excentric; sp. rough, 10-18.

   [viridans, Fr. P. conical then exp. viscid, umb. olive-green; g. nearly free, crowded; s. hollow, glabrous.

   [rubellum, Scop. P. exp. obtuse, even, viscid, reddish; g. crenulate, rosy; s. hollow, slightly downy, white; sp. 11 × 6.

   ameides, B. and Br. P. 3-5 cm. campan. often irreg. flocculent, soon glabrous and silky, pale reddish-grey; g. deeply rounded behind, rugulose; s. 3 cm. whitish; sp. subgl. rough, 10.

2. II. Leptonidei. Pileus flocculose, somewhat scaly, absolutely dry, not hygr.

   Saundersii, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. campan. exp. wavy and lobed, adpressedly tomentose, white, tinged brown when old; g. broad, distant; s. 8-12 cm. solid, equal, white; sp. ——.

   fertilé, B. P. 9-14 cm. convex then plane, dry, pulverulently scaly, pallid reddish or reddish ochre; g. rounded behind; s. 9-12 cm. equal, base thickened, whitish, fibrilloso-squamulose, solid; sp. ——.

   [Rozei, Q. P. umb. grey, silky shining, edge lilac; s. slender, fibrillose, white; sp. rough.

   jubatum, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. campan. exp. umb. downy-squamose or fibrillose, mouse-colour; g. crowded, smoky; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, equal, fibrillose, fuscous; sp. rough, 10-11 × 6.

   Differs from E. porphyrophaeum in squamulose p. and hollow s.

   [scabiosum, Fr. P. campan. then plane, obtusely umb. sooty, rough with crowded, erect papillose scales; g. free, greyish-white; s. hollow, fibrillose, sooty; sp. rough, 10-12.

   resutum, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex, obtuse, fuscous, disc darkest, adpressedly scaly or fibrillose; g. ventricose, greyish; s. 4-7 cm. somewhat stuffed, glabrous, grey; sp. rough, 8-9 × 6.

   griseocyaneum, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan.-convex, obtuse, floccosely scaly, grey tinged lilac; g. white then flesh-colour; s. 3-4 cm. hollow, floccosely fibrillose, pallid then blue; sp. rough, 8-10.

   Resembling Leptonia, but soft not cartilaginous.

   dichroum, Pers. P. camp. exp. umb. squamulosely fibrillose, violet then livid mouse-colour; g. sinuato-adnexed; s. blue, fibrillosely mealy; sp. reddish fuscous, rough, 10-12 × 5-8.

   sericellum, Fr. Shining white. P. 1.5-3 cm. exp. depr. silky; g. adnate, then seceding; s. 3-4 cm. fibrillose then polished; sp. subgl. rough, 10.

   Differs from E. speculum in smaller size and silky p.

   var. sublutescens, Fr. P. more regular, convex, even, yellowish; g. almost adnate; s. fistulose.

   var. lutescens, Henn. P. campan. more or less exp. at first white and silky-floccose, then glabrous and dingy yellow; s. white then yellowish; sp. rough, 8.

   Cookei, C. Rich. (= Pluteus phlebophorus, var. reticulatus, Cke.) P. convex then exp. reddish orange or pale brick-red, covered with raised veins forming a network; g. adnexed; s. 2-3 cm. solid; sp. globose, rough, 8.

   Thomsoni, B. and Br. P. 3-5 cm. exp. umb. grey, with a network of raised ribs; g. slightly adnexed; s. 3-4 cm. paler than p.; sp. 6 × 3.5.

   [subrubens, Karst. P. conico-exp. umb. adpressedly squamulose or fibrillose, glabrous, mouse-colour; g. sinuato-adnexed, edge crenate; s. hollow, scurfy then glabrous, paler than p. reddish; sp. rough, 9-12 × 7-8.

   [indutum, Boud. Small, entirely grey. P. campan. then exp. umb. coarsely fibrillose; g. broad, uncinate, powdered with the rosy spores; s. slender, fibrillose.

   tortipes, Mass. P. 6-7 cm. convex then exp. umb. often depressed, dark brown then tan and shining; g. broadly adnate; s. 4-5 cm. silky-fibrillose, flexuous, white tinged tan; sp. 5 × 3.

   Differs from E. clypeatum in elliptical sp.

3. III. Nolanidei. Pileus thin, hygr. rather silky when dry. Often wavy and deformed.

   clypeatum, L. P. 5-7 cm. campan. then exp. umb. lurid then greyish; g. serrulate; s. 7-9 cm. stuffed, attenuated, fibrillose, pallid; sp. subgl. rough, 9-10.

   nigrocinnamomeum, Kalchbr. P. 5-7 cm. convex then exp. depressed round the umbo, blackish umber, even, glabrous; g. reddish cinnamon; s. 4-6 cm. hollow, somewhat twisted, fibrillose, greyish fuscous; sp. subgl. rough, 8 × 9.

   Differs from E. clypeatum in hollow stem and entire edge of gills.

   rhodopolium, Fr. P. 5-12 cm. campan. then exp. gibbous then subdepr. edge wavy at first incurved, brown or livid then pale and silky shining; g. adnate then sinuate; s. 5-9 cm. hollow, glabrous, shining white; sp. rough, 8-10 × 6-8.

   [pluteoides, Fr. P. splitting, convex, exp. obtuse, greyish white when moist, dingy yellowish when dry; g. emarginato-adnexed, crowded; s. hollow, rigid, cuticle fibrillose, white, usually rooting.

   [elaphinum, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, glabrous, bright fawn when moist, pallid fuscous when dry, edge striate; g. somewhat truncate behind, very broad; s. hollow, naked, livid; sp. rough, 10 × 6.

   [turbidum, Fr. P. campan. convex, umb. margin at first straight and adpressed to stem, then split into striae, somewhat fuscous, grey when dry; g. crowded, greyish white; s. hollow, inflato-clavate, glabrous, even, silvery shining; sp. 8-11 × 7-8.

   majale, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. campan.-convex, umb. edge spreading, wavy, cinnamon, yellowish when dry; g. crenate; s. 7-9 cm. twisted, striate, whitish, base with white down; sp. rough, 10-14 × 7-10.

   Wynnei, B. and Br. Smell unpleasant. P. 3-4 cm. convex then exp. subumb. often wavy, smoky grey, velvety then squamulose; g. broad, transversely ribbed; s. 3-5 cm. smoky blue, base downy, white; sp. rough, 10-11 × 7-8.

   Smell resembling that of bugs.

   costatum, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. bullate then plane, subumbil. wavy, glabrous, livid, fuscous then shining; g. nearly free, entire, transversely ribbed, pallid; s. 4-5 cm. deformed, substriate, grey, apex with white squamules; sp. rough, 12-14 × 8-11.

   [Cordae, Karst. Differs from E. costatum in blackish umbilicate p.; smaller sp. rough, 5-6. Other points identical.

   sericeum, Fr. Smell strong, like meal. P. 2-3 cm. exp. greyish fawn when moist, livid and silky shining when dry; g. grey, emarginate; s. 2-3 cm. fistulose, fibrillose, paler than p.; sp. globose, rough, 7-8.

   Differs from Nolanea pascua in mealy smell, and broad distant gills cut out behind.

   [mimicum, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, then exp. glabrous, fuscescent; g. adnate, whitish then dingy; s. hollow, equal, cartilaginous, glabrous, livid; sp. 9-12.

   [venosum, Gill. Smell strong of meal. P. thin, convex, subumb. brownish, silky and shining when dry; g. free, broad, transversely veined, reddish-grey; s. fragile, fibrillose, rather squamulose at apex.

   Differs from E. sericeum in free g.

   [praecox, Karst. P. fragile, conico-convex, at length umb. glabrous, silky-shining; g. ventricose, crowded, dingy then flesh-colour; s. fistulose, equal, compr. glabrous, striate, pallid; sp. 7-10.

   nidorosum, Fr. Smell alkaline. P. 4-7 cm. convex then exp. and subdepr. greyish fawn, livid and with a silky sheen when dry; g. broad, wavy; s. 4-7 cm. stuffed, equal, glabrous, pallid, apex with white meal; sp. rough, 8-10 × 7-8.

   Smell sometimes very faint.

   speculum, Fr. Whitish. P. 2-4 cm. exp. subdepr. very glabrous, shining when dry, edge incurved, wavy; g. emarginate, broad; s. equal, very fragile, striate; sp. subgl. rough, 12. (12-14 × 7-8 Sacc.)

NOLANEA, Fr.

1. * Gills grey or somewhat fuscous. Pileus dusky, hygr.

   pascua, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. conico-exp. subumb. striate, livid bistre, paler and shining when dry; g. crowded, narrowed behind, greyish; s. 3-5 cm. silky-fibrous, striate, pale; sp. rough, 9-10.

   var. umbonata, Q. P. acute, umb. bay; s. fibrilloso-striate, silvery.

   [proletaria, Fr. P. campan.-exp. obtuse, somewhat umber, disc darker, villose; g. sooty grey; s. fibrous, very fragile, grey; sp. rough, 10-12 × 6.

   [versatilis, Fr. P. convex then flattened, glabrous, shining, livid aerugineous; g. grey; s. greyish white, with a silvery sheen when dry.

   [limosa, Fr. Smell strong of meal. P. campan. obtuse, glabrous, sooty, hoary-silky when dry; g. adnate, grey; s. polished, base inflated, glabrous.

   Babingtonii, Blox. P. 1-1.5 cm. conico-campan. pale grey, silky, with fasciculate fibrils, disc squamulose; g. adnate, grey; s. 2-3 cm. hollow, rather wavy, strigose and covered with brown down; sp. rough, 7-8.

   mammosa, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. conico-campan. papillate, striate, glabrous, fuscous, pale when dry; g. grey; s. 4-5 cm. rigid, polished, apex with white meal; sp. rough, 7-8 × 5-6.

   [papillata, Bres. P. subcampan. exp. papillate, striate, fuscous-bay then paler; g. sinuato-adnate; s. shining, glabrous, base with white down; sp. 5-7-angled, 10-11 × 6-7.

   [Bresadolae, Mass. (= N. clandestina, Bres.). P. campan. exp. umb. or papillate, glabrous, shining, striate, umber-bay or almost black then rufescent; g. thick, umber then fuscous-purple; s. polished, blackish-bay, subequal; sp. 5-6-angled, 9-10 × 7.

   [clandestina, Fr. Umber. P. hemispher. umb. slightly striate, glabrous, silky when dry; g. very distant, thick, umber then purplish; s. short, naked.

   [bryophila, Boud. and Roze. P. conico-campan. striate, apiculate, pale rufous brown, apex blackish; g. nearly free; s. cartilaginous, semipellucid, equal.

   juncea, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. conical then exp. radiately striate, sooty umber, disc subumbil. subsquamulose; g. obovate, grey then brownish purple; s. 4-6 cm. slender, fuscous; sp. rough, 10-12.

   [fumosella, Wint. (= A. fumosus, Rab.). P. subconic, then subexp. umbil. subpellucid virgate, reddish grey, sometimes white-floccose, silky shining when dry; g. adnexed, subtriangular, closely crowded, grey then brownish; s. colour of p., base albo-floccose, rooting, slightly viscid.

   fulvostrigosa, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. subumb. rugulose, ochre with olive tinge; g. adnexed; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, mealy-squamulose, base densely strigose with reddish fibrils; sp. rough, 10 × 6; cystidia conical.

2. ** Gills yellowish or reddish.

   nigripes, Trog. Smell of stinking fish. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. obtuse, even, fuscous with paler flecks; g. yellowish pink; s. 7-10 cm. twisted, glabrous, black; sp. ——.

   pisciodora, Ces. Smell of stinking fish. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. obsoletely umb. tawny cinnamon, soft like velvet; g. adnexed; s. 5-7 cm. chestnut then blackish, apex paler, rather velvety; sp. ——.

   rufocarnea, B. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. umbil. reddish brown slightly fibrillose; g. ventricose, veined, salmon; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, pale reddish brown, apex paler; sp. 9-10 × 6.

   [vinacea, Fr. P. campan.-convex, obtuse, slightly striate, rufescent; g. distant; s. even, glabrous, yellow.

   var. squamulosa, Karst. P. campan. subumbil. coarsely striate, scurfy; g. edge floccosely crenulate, golden; s. glabrous, yellowish; sp. rough, 10-12 × 7-8.

   [cetrata, Fr. P. camp. then exp. glabrous, furcato-sulcate, yellow; g. pallid yellow; s. fragile, glabrous, yellow; sp. rough, 10-12 × 10.

   [cuneata, Bres. P. conico-cuspidate, glabrous, striate, lurid yellow, cusp yellowish, g. pale yellow then brownish flesh-colour; s. yellowish, apex with white scurf, base with contorted fibres; sp. angular, 10-12 × 7-8.

   [carneovirens, Jungh. P. campan. deeply striate, greenish yellow; g. free, broad; s. solid, glabrous, dusky aerugineous; sp. 11-12 × 7-8.

   icterina, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. campan.-convex, striate, papillate, yellowish green, hygr.; g. distant, ventricose; s. 3-4 cm. rigid, floccosely mealy, colour of p. or brownish; sp. rough, 11-12 × 8.

   subglobosa, A. and S. P. 2 cm. hemispher. even, viscid, yellowish; g. nearly free, rhomboid; s. 3-4 cm. striate, pale; sp. 9 × 7.

   [hesperidium, Brig. P. broadly campan. even, waxy yellow, disc darker; g. free, crowded; white then greyish violet, edge at length blackish; s. even, shining white.

   [pleopodia, Bull. P. campan. then exp. and edge upraised, even, yellowish; g. narrowed behind, dingy flesh-colour; s. equal, yellowish white, apex pruinose; sp. 10-12 × 4.

3. *** Gills white then rosy. Hygroph.

   picea, Kalchbr. Smell of stinking fish. P. 2-3 cm. conical then campan. papillate, even, glabrous, pitch brown then umber; g. emarginate; s. 3-5 cm. slightly pruinose, colour of p.; sp. 7-8 × 5.

   Differs from N. pisciodora in colour of gills and p.

   [hirtipes, Fl. Dan. P. conico-campan. fuscous; g. free, obovate, rosy; s. slender, glabrous, colour of p. hirsute below; sp. rough, 7-9.

   infula, Fr. Very tough. P. 2 cm. conical then exp. papillate, shining, dark grey then pale; g. narrow, closely crowded, pure white then rosy; s. 4-5 cm. rigid, glabrous, naked, fuscous; sp. ——.

   var. versiformis, Fr. P. convex then depr. or even infundib. but persistently papillate.

   [viridifluens, Lasch. P. campan. subumbil. dry, fibrous, fuscous olive; g. adnate, broad; s. greenish-yellow.

   Exuding a green juice when broken.

   [staurospora, Bres. P. conico-campan. hygr. brownish umber, margin striate; g. subadnexed, white then flesh-colour; s. livid, fibrilloso-striate, often twisted, tall, albo-floccose at base; sp. almost quadrangular-stellate, 10-12.

   Differs from N. hirtipes in larger size, fibrillose stem, downy, not strigose at base.

4. **** Gills whitish. Not hygr.

   verecunda, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan.-convex, disc rather fleshy, subumb. watery reddish, striate towards edge, flocculose; g. adnate; s. 3-4 cm. pallid, apex mealy; sp. 10-12 × 5-8.

   coelestina, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan. obtuse, blue, disc darker, scabrid; g. adnate, very broad; s. 2-3 cm. blackish blue, apex pruinose; sp. glob. 10.

   [cruentata, Q. P. campan. mammilate, edge exp. pruinose, bluish-lilac; g. broad; s. slender, glaucous or bluish, rufescent when touched; sp. rough, 10.

   exilis, Fr. P. 2 cm. conico-exp. striate, livid grey, apex darker and papillate; g. adnexed; s. 4-6 cm. filiform, bluish green, apex naked; sp. ——.

   [Kretzschmarii, Rab. P. ovate then exp. reddish then greyish white, umbo rather fleshy, pellucidly striate at edge; g. decur.; s. yellowish brown, base floccosely rooting.

   rubida, Berk. P. up to 1 cm. convex then exp. umbil. whitish grey then rufescent, minutely silky; g. adnate, slightly decur.; s. 4-6 mm. white; sp. 4-5 × 3.

   [cocles, Fr. Small. P. at first cucullate, furcato-sulcate, disc umbil., umber, scabrid, becoming exp.; g. adnate, broad, distant; s. glabrous, livid.

   [monachella, Q. P. campan. apiculate, striate, diaphanous, white, centre spotted sooty; g. adnate, uncinate; s. bulbillose, white, hyaline; sp. rough, 10-12 × 6-8.

   [minuta, Karst. P. convex, sometimes subumbil. striate up to umbilicus, glabrous, pallid fuscous, paler when dry and shining; g. adnate, pallid; s. pallid fuscous, glabrous; sp. rough, 7-9.

LEPTONIA, Fr.

1. * Gills whitish. Pileus rather fleshy, not striate, not hygr.

   [Linkii, Fr. P. convexo-plane, fibrillosely virgate, sooty black then grey, disc darker; g. white then flesh-colour, edge black; s. glabrous, smoky, base incurved; sp. 10 long.

   [Forquignoni, Q. P. umbil. wavy, rugulosely striate, granulated, olive, diaphanous; g. eroded, hoary; s. slightly striate, silky; sp. rough, 11 long.

   placida, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex, obtuse, grey or bluish, downy disc darker, fibrillosely scaly; g. adnexed, broad, entirely whitish; s. 4-7 cm. blackish-blue, apex with white bloom and very minutely spotted black; sp. ——.

   Differs from L. lappula in p. not being umbil.

   anatina, Lasch. P. 3-4 cm. campan. indistinctly umb. greyish brown, longitudinally fibrillosely squamulose; g. adnexed, broad; s. 3-4 cm. bluish, pruinose then fibrillosely squamulose, apex even (not spotted black); sp. 8 × 5. (10-12 × 7-8 Sacc.)

   Differs from L. placida and L. lappula in not having black points at apex of stem.

   lappula, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umbil. grey, even, the darker umbilicus with erect fibrils, giving a muricellato-punctate appearance; g. broad, crowded; s. 4-5 cm. brownish-lilac or blackish-purple, apex naked and with black points; sp. ——.

   lampropoda, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex then exp. or subdepr. flocculose then squamulose, sooty grey then paler; g. adnate, ventricose; s. 3-4 cm. even, firm bluish violet, apex not black spotted; sp. rough, 10-11 × 6-7.

   Differs from L. asprella in even p. not being umbilicate.

   var. cyanulus, Lasch. Slender. P. subumbil. floccosely villose, blackish blue; s. capillary.

   aethiops, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. plano-depr. even, shining, black then smoky, glabrous but innately fibrillosely virgate; g. adnate, entirely whitish; s. 3-5 cm. blackish brown, black punctate upwards; sp. rough, 10 × 7.

   Differs from L. lampropoda in black punctate s.

   solstitialis, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. exp. at length depr. papillate, rugulose, obsoletely innately fibrillose, fuscous; g. emarginate, broad; 2-3 cm. smoky, glabrous; sp. rough, 12-14 × 7.

   [camelina, Lasch. P. obtuse, pallid rufous; g. arcuate, crowded; s. stuffed, fibrillose, base curved.

   [Turci, Bres. P. convex, umbil. then exp. brown-umber then tan, densely downy then squamulose; g. broad; s. hollow, compr. livid cinnamon; flesh white, rosy when broken; sp. angular, 11-12 × 7-8.

2. ** Gills at first bluish or grey.

   serrulata, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. exp. umbil. rather scaly, blackish blue; g. broad, edge black-serrulate; s. 2-3 cm. paler than p. with black points above; sp. rough, 12-14 × 6-8.

   euchroa, Pers. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan.-convex, obtuse, fibrillosely scaly, violet; g. violet, edge darker, entire; s. 2-3 cm. violet, not black punctate; sp. rough, 10 × 7-8.

   Differs from L. chalybea and L. lazulina by growing on wood.

   chalybea, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. convex, subumb. not striate, flocculose then squamulose, dark violet; g. greyish-white, edge rather paler; s. 3-5 cm. blue, not punctate; sp. 10 × 6.

   Differs from L. lazulina by p. not being striate.

   lazulina, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan. striate, at first glabrous then cracked into squamules, sooty black; g. adnate, equally narrowed from stem to edge of p. pallid grey; s. 4-5 cm. blue, not punctate; sp. 10 × 6.

   [Bresadolae, Schulz. P. subglobose then exp. umbil. and depr. umber, minutely squamulose; g. pale violet; s. bright blue, base bulbous with white down; sp. rough, 8-10.

   [Bizzozeriana, Sacc. P. umb. exp. dusky grey with dark scurf; g. dusky vinous-purple; s. dusky purple; sp. 7 × 3.

   [Gorteri, Weinm. P. convex, obtuse, velvety-squamulose, grey then pale, edge white-fimbriate; g. fuscous purple, shining; s. purple violet.

3. *** Gills fuscous- or dusky-purple.

   [calimorpha, Weinm. P. conico-convex, umb. densely squamulose, sooty or black; g. nearly free, ventricose, with a purple sheen, edge black; s. blackish-purple.

   [aquila, Fr. P. exp. deeply umbil. bay; g. sinuato-adnexed, very broad; s. stuffed, fuscous, thickened upwards.

   [pyrenaica, Pat. and Doas. P. convexo-plane, 4-5 mm. slightly umb. edge incurved, reddish brown; g. pale red, adnate with a tooth; s. solid, curved, colour of p.; sp. 5-6.

4. **** Gills pallid. Pileus yellow or greenish then pale.

   incana, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umbil. glabrous, somewhat virgate, brownish green; g. adnate with decur. tooth, greenish white; s. 3-5 cm. shining, brownish green; sp. rough, 8-9.

   [euchlora, Lasch. P. campan. convex, not striate, yellow-green with brown fibrils, darker disc impressed; g. adnate; s. squamulosely fibrillose, greenish-yellow, base aerugineo-tomentose; sp. 10-14 × 6-8.

   formosa, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. subumbil. slightly striate, yellow wax-colour with brown adpressed fibrils and scattered squamules; g. adnate, pallid yellow; s. 4-5 cm. striate, shining, yellow; sp. 10-12 × 8.

   var. suavis, Lasch. S. becoming bluish.

   chloropolius, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. striate, livid, centre with black squamules; g. adnate, pallid; s. 4-5 cm. even, bluish-green; sp. rough, 7-8 × 5. (12-14 × 6-8 Sacc.)

   [pallens, Karst. P. convex exp. disc slightly depr. glabrous, livid, pale and shining when dry; g. adnate, seceding; s. pallid, glabrous; sp. rough, 9-10.

   [melleo-pallens, Karst. P. convex, entirely striate, glabrous, shining, brownish honey-colour then pale; g. soon free, edge darker; s. colour of p. base with white down; sp. rough, 13-15 × 10-11.

5. ***** Gills grey or glaucous. Pileus hygr. substriate.

   asprella, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. exp. glabrous or fibrillose, striate, umbilicus downy then squamulose, sooty then livid grey; g. adnate, equally narrowed to the edge; s. 3-4 cm. slender, even, glabrous, livid, tinged green or blue; sp. 10-12 × 6-8.

   [scabrosa, Fr. P. exp. umbilic. from the first, not striate, squamulose, sooty-brown, then grey, hygr.; g. adnate, segmentoid, grey; s. even, apex with black points and white meal.

   nefrens, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. exp. then infundib. hygr. rather wavy, livid sooty, depression darkest, pale when dry; g. broad, edge blackish, entire; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous, livid fuscous; sp. 4-5 × 3.

   Differs from L. serrulata in entire edge of g. and absence of black points at apex of s.

   [sarcita, Fr. Fragile. P. exp. radiato-striate, uniform, hygr. torn into fibrillose scales, smoky, hoary when dry; g. linear, thick, distant, glaucous; s. short, glabrous; sp. 10-12 × 8.

6. ****** Gills white.

   [Kervernii, Guern. P. fleshy-ochre or buff-yellow, dotted with flecks; g. free, ventricose; s. slightly squamulose, shining white, often compr. base cottony.

   [Queletii, Boud. P. white with scattered rosy-amethyst flecks; g. white then rosy; s. white then yellowish; sp. rough, 14.

   [sericella, Bull. Shining white. P. silky; g. flesh-colour; s. slender, fibrillose.

   [Gillotii, Q. Diaphanous, becoming hyaline white. P. striate, umbil. tinged olive; s. fistulose, silky, base white-downy; sp. rough, 9.

   [parasitica, Q. Pruinose, shining white. P. orbicular; g. sinuate, white then rosy; s. arcuate, apex dilated.

   [aemulans, Karst. P. convex, umbil. innately squamulose, grey, opaque; g. adnate, broad, smoky; s. glabrous, dusky livid, base whitish.

   Resembles Clitopilus vilis.

CLITOPILUS, Fr.

1. I. Orcelli. Gills deeply decur. Pileus irreg. subexcentric, wavy, scarcely hygr. edge at first flocculose.

   prunulus, Scop. Smell like new meal. P. 5-9 cm. compact, convex and regular then wavy, dry, pruinose, greyish white; g. rather distant; s. 2-3 cm. ventricose, naked, striate, white; sp. 7-8 × 5. Edible.

   orcella, Bull. Smell like new meal. P. 5-7 cm. soft, plano-depr. irreg. from first, silky, rather viscid when moist, yellowish-white; g. crowded; s. 2 cm. flocculose, thickened upwards; sp. 7 × 4.

   mundulus, Lasch. P. 3-5 cm. plano-depr. unequal, dry, white; g. closely crowded, narrow; s. 2-3 cm. floccosely villose, white, becoming blackish inside; sp. 10 × 5.

   [pseudoorcella, Fr. P. exp. depr. even, somewhat fuscous, but silkily hoary; g. broad, distant, greyish white; s. solid, short, outside and inside greyish-brown.

   popinalis, Fr. Entirely grey. P. 3-5 cm. flaccid, rather wavy, glabrous; g. crowded, dark grey; s. 3-4 cm. equal, naked; sp. rough, 4-5.

   undatus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. deeply umbil. wavy, fragile, sooty grey, pale and silky opaque; g. dark grey; s. 2-3 cm. hollow, colour of p.; sp. rough, 6-8. (10-12, Quél.)

   var. viarum, Fr. P. often excentric, greyish hoary, shining, with darker zones.

   [concentricus, Gill. P. convex, umbil. edge wavy, greyish or reddish with brown broken concentric lines; g. reddish grey; s. pale reddish with abundant white down at base.

   cancrinus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex-umbil. then exp. unequal, flocculose, smooth, pale reddish-white; g. decur. distant; s. 2 cm. tough, glabrous, white; sp. rough, 5-6.

   cretatus, B. and Br. P. 1-2 cm. convex then umbil. thin, dead white but shining, edge incurved; g. very decur.; s. 4-6 mm. white; sp. subgl. 4-5. (7 × 3 Phil., 11-12 long, Quél.)

   [lentulus, Karst. P. plano-depr. often irreg. rather silky, rather viscid when moist, whitish; g. decur. closely crowded, narrow, pallid; s. solid, equal, wavy, flocculose, pallid; sp. rough, 2-4.

2. II. Sericelli. Pileus regular silky or hygr.-silky, edge involute, naked. Gills adnate, slightly decur.

   carneoalbus, Wither. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. convex then exp. and depr. edge drooping, white, polished; g. crowded; s. 2-3 cm. equal, solid, white; sp. rough, 7-8.

   [angustus, Pers. P. convexo-plane, subumb. grey, silky-shining when dry; g. tinged flesh-colour; s. glabrous, white, base incurved, downy; sp. 7-8 × 5.

   sarnicus, Mass. P. 2-3 cm. becoming plane, subumbonate, grey, silky; g. plane then suddenly decurrent near the stem, reddish; s. 2-3 cm. flexuous, white, smooth; sp. nodulose, 7-8 × 6.

   [nidusavis, Secr. P. plano-umb. floccosely-scurfy, greyish brown, at length wavy; g. broad, thickish, white then flesh-colour; s. flocculose, thickened at both ends, base with white down; sp. 8-9 × 6.

   [hydroionides, Cesati. Tough, violet then grey. P. convex, obsoletely umb. hygr.; g. adnato-decur. whitish; s. hollow, short, even.

   vilis, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex, umbil. slightly striate, grey, silky-flocculose; g. crowded, white then greyish; s. hollow, fibrillosely striate, grey; sp. 7-8 × 6.

   [ionipterus, Cesati. P. plano-depr. glabrous, violet; g. adnato-decur. bluish; s. solid, pallid, cracked into fibres outside.

   [cicatrisatus, Lasch. P. convex, umbil. glabrous, not striate, rivuloso-rugulose when adult, fuscous; g. broad, pallid; s. even, base strigose, rooting.

   [neglectus, Lasch. P. convex then umbil. not striate, floccosely-fibrillose, whitish ochre then pallid; g. adnato-decur.; s. solid, weak, whitish.

   straminipes, Mass. P. 3-5 cm. fragile, whitish, shining, soon exp. and depr.; g. whitish then rosy; s. 3-5 cm. straw-colour below, mealy above, hollow; sp. rough, 10-12.

   stilbocephalus, B. and Br. P. 2-4 cm. campan. obtuse, edge straight, yellowish-white or greyish, sparkling with atoms; g. veined, adnate or emarginate; s. 4-7 cm. silky-fibrous, white; sp. rough, 12 × 7-8.

   Smithii, Mass. P. 2-4 cm. soon plane and orbicular, often wavy, atomate, white or tinged yellow; g. broadly adnate; s. 4-7 cm. surface undulated, pallid with a reddish tinge below; sp. glob. 4.

ECCILIA, Fr.

[polita, Pers. P. umbil. glabrous, hygr. livid, shining when dry; g. crowded; s. equal, livid, polished, apex subpruinose.

[apiculata, Fr. P. convex, depr. umb. even, hygr. livid, silky when dry; g. rather distant, grey; s. equal, glabrous, livid.

Parkensis, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. exp. deeply umbil. glabrous, fuscous, striate to middle; g. crowded; s. 2 cm. colour of p. glabrous; sp. rough, 8-10.

carneogrisea, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. convex, umbil. finely striate, greyish pink, edge darker, micaceous; g. subdecur. edge irreg. darker; s. 2-4 cm. colour of p. white down at base; sp. rough, 7 × 5.

griseorubella, Lasch. P. 2-3 cm. deeply umbil. then plane, striate, hygr. umber then hoary; g. slightly decur.; s. 3-4 cm. glabrous, paler than p.; sp. rough, 9-10.

[Mougeotii, Fr. (= E. atrides, Q.). P. umbil. then infundib. fibrillose then squamulose, greyish lilac, edge blue; g. lilac then pallid; s. elongated, fibrillose, apex floccose, greyish lilac; sp. 7-8.

var. minor, Sacc. P. convex then umbil. fuscous violet; g. lilac; s. violet; sp. rough, 9 × 7.

atrides, Lasch. P. plane, deeply umbil. striate, black or brown, black virgate, then pale; g. pallid, edge with black points; s. pallid with black points above; sp. ——.

Fries thinks this may be an abnormal form of Lept. serrulata.

nigrella, Pers. Tufted, small. P. smooth, umbil. becoming blackish, not virgate; g. flesh colour then grey, edge same colour; s. short, glaucous, not dotted black; sp. ——.

United by Fries with E. atrides, but considered distinct by Berk. and Broome.

[nigellus, Q. Small, bay then blackish; p. striate, umbil. granulated; g. decur. narrow, grey; s. short, glabrous, base woolly; sp. rough, 10.

atropuncta, Pers. P. 1-2 cm. soft, hemispherical, pale grey; g. decur. arcuate, rosy-grey; s. 2-4 cm. rather tough, pallid, shining, with black dot-like squamules; sp. rough, 5-6.

[calophylla, Pers. P. hemispher. umbil. sooty umber; g. decur. reddish-purple; s. narrowed upwards, rather thick, somewhat viscid, colour of p., at first purplish, shining.

rhodocylix, Lasch. P. 1-1.5 cm. umbil.-infundib. remotely striate when moist, somewhat fuscous, flocculose and grey when dry; g. very distant, broad; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous, grey; sp. rough, 10.

[rusticoides, Gill. P. convex, umbil. striate, glabrous, hygr. brown, paler when dry; g. decur. thick, distant, forked, rufous-brown; s. slender, colour of p.

flosculus, W. G. Sm. P. 1.5-2 cm. deeply umbil. with crystalline particles, irreg. black brown, whitish with age; g. decur. rather wavy; s. 2 cm. reddish; sp. rough.

Probably introduced.

acus, W. G. Sm. P. 1-1.5 cm. deeply umbil. densely pruinose, white, edge striate and incurved; g. thick, distant; s. 2-3 cm. smooth, whitish; sp. rough.

Probably introduced.

[tristis, Bres. Smell like spirit-of-wine. P. convexo-subcampan. umbil. edge crisped, striate, moist, glabrous, brown; g. distant, thick, broad, arcuato-decur. fleshy-brown; colour of p. glabrous; sp. rough, 8-10.

CLAUDOPUS, W. G. Sm.

[translucens, D. C. P. subsessile, thin, orbicular, wavy, pellucid, white tinged reddish; g. free, pallid then reddish lilac; sp. 4-6 long.

variabilis, Pers. P. 1-1.5 cm. resupinate, then reflexed, tomentose, white, attached by a very short incurved downy stem which disappears when the pileus turns over; g. radiating from an excentric point, distant, white then pink; sp. 3 × 2.

var. sphaerosporus, Pat. P. white, tomentose; g. paler than type; sp. globose, echinulate, tinged red.

depluens, Batsch. P. 1-1.5 cm. more or less convex, edge incurved, resupinate then reflexed, white or tinged reddish, usually with a very short downy s.; g. broad, ventricose, grey then tinged rufescent; sp. glob. rough, 5-6. (9-11 × 6-8 Sacc.)

Differs from C. variabilis in globose, warted s.

[inaequabilis, Sacc. Entirely rusty, stipitate; p. oblique, almost glabrous; g. sinuato-free, ventricose; s. very excentric, short, base dilated, incurved; sp. 8 × 6.

[macrosporus, Pat. and Doas. P. exp. depressed at an excentric point corresponding to insertion of stem, reddish brown, striate up to depression; g. broad, distant, reddish; s. short, excentric, enlarged into a flat plate at base; sp. 15-18 × 12.

byssisedus, Pers. P. 1-2 cm. resupinate then horizontal, reniform, plane, downy, grey then pale; g. adnato-decur. greyish-white, reddish with the spores; s. incurved, downy, base surrounded with white fibrils; sp. glob. rough, 6-7.

Differs from Pleurotus applicatus by presence of s. and pink sp.

[Zahlbruckneri, Beck. P. resupinate then reflexed, sessile, reniform, shining white, downy; g. radiating, reddish, edge paler, denticulate; sp. minutely warted, subg. 6-7.

Differs from C. variabilis in denticulate edge of gills and sp.

[Klukii, Blonski. P. shell-shaped, reniform, downy, greyish-tan; g. crowded, decur. whitish then bright rosy; s. slightly curved, base white and downy; sp. 5-6 × 3.

Allied to C. byssisedus but larger.

[Peteauxi, Q. P. cupulate then reniform, wavy, thin, fragile, minutely tomentose, shining white; g. free, sinuate, radiating from a central point which is continued into a very short, white tomentose stem; sp. 7 long.

OCHROSPORAE.

1. A. Gills separating spontaneously, or very easily from flesh of pileus.

   Paxillus. Margin of pileus persistently involute; gills decurrent or adnato-decurrent.

2. B. Gills not separating spontaneously, nor easily from flesh of pileus.
   1. * Stem furnished with a volva, or an interwoven ring, or with both.

      Locellina. Volva and ring both present.

      Pholiota. Ring alone present.

   2. ** Volva and ring both absent.
      1. + Stem central.

         Pluteolus. Gills free.

         Bolbitius. Pileus membranaceous; gills deliquescent at maturity.

         Inocybe. Stem fleshy, fibrous externally; pileus fibrillose or scaly; gills sinuato-adnexed.

         Hebeloma. Stem fleshy, fibrous externally; pileus glabrous, viscid; gills sinuato-adnexed.

         Naucoria. Stem cartilaginous externally; edge of pileus incurved at first; gills adnexed or adnate.

         Galera. Stem cartilaginous externally; edge of pileus straight at first; gills adnexed or adnate, often with a decurrent tooth.

         Tubaria. Stem cartilaginous externally; gills broadest behind, decurrent or adnato-decurrent.

         Flammula. Stem fleshy, fibrous externally; gills adnate or decurrent.

         Cortinarius. Universal veil cobweb-like, not forming an interwoven ring, often collapsing and forming a ring-like zone on the stem; stem fleshy, fibrous.

      2. ++ Stem excentric or absent.

         Crepidotus.

PAXILLUS, Fr.

1. A. Lepista. Pileus entire, central.

   [sordarius, Fr. P. convexo-gibbous then plano-depr. dingy white, edge at length spreading and sulcate; g. adnate, crowded; s. spongy-stuffed, equal, striate, greyish white; sp. 8 × 6.

   Alexandri, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. compact, plane then depr. dry, fawn, edge strongly incurved; g. subdecur. yellowish; s. 1-2 cm. stout; sp. 4-5 × 2-3.

   lepista, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. plano-depr. dry, dingy white, edge incurved, even, naked; g. deeply decur. rather branched, crowded, whitish; s. solid, stout, pallid; sp. 8 × 6.

   Differs from large sp. of Clitocybe by strongly incurved p. and dingy spores.

   extenuatus, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. rigid, campan. exp. naked, glabrous, moist, brownish tan, edge incurved, downy, even; g. deeply decur. closely crowded, white then dingy; s. 3-5 cm. solid, base tuberous, rooting; sp. ——.

   panaeolus, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. thin, exp. subdepr. glabrous, moist, white, edge incurved, thin; g. slightly decur. crowded, narrow, pale rusty; s. 2-3 cm. rufescent, thickened below; sp. subg. 5.

   var. spilomaeolus, Fr. P. with drop-like spots; s. slender, yellowish white; g. pale rusty.

   [nitens, Lamb. P. convex, fleshy, glutinous in damp weather, shining and velvety when dry, yellow-brown, edge incurved, paler; g. free, sinuate, closely crowded, becoming olive-brown; s. reddish-yellow, base darker.

   orcelloides, Cke. and Mass. P. 2-4 cm. thin, exp. snow-white then with greyish blotches, edge incurved; g. adnato-decur. white then brownish; s. 2-3 cm. tapering to base, ochre; sp. 8 × 4.

   Differs from P. panaeolus in tapering stem and sp.

   lividus, Cke. P. 2-5 cm. convex, disc depr. margin arched and incurved, dingy white or livid ochre; g. decur. broad, white; s. 6-9 cm. narrowed downwards, white; sp. glob. 3-3.5, whitish.

   Probably a sp. of Clitocybe.

   revolutus, Cke. P. 2-3 cm. convex, pale ochre, edge thin, sometimes tinged lilac, a little upturned; g. deeply decur. pale tan; s. 2-3 cm. narrowed downwards, paler than p., often tinged violet at base; sp. glob. 3.5-4.

   Differs from P. lividus in deeply decur. coloured g.

2. B. Tapinia. Pileus usually excentric or resupinate.

   involutus, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. convex then depr. moist, rusty orange, incurved edge downy, flesh pallid; g. branched, broad, anastomosing behind, dingy ochre; s. solid, firm, 3-4 cm.; sp. 8-12 × 5-6.

   var. excentricus, Fr. P. excentric; s. short, growing on wood.

   paradoxus, Cke. P. 2-6 cm. convex then exp. sometimes irreg. densely tomentose, rufous umber with purple tinge; g. decur. connected by veins, yellow; s. 2-3 cm. fibrillose, red and yellow; sp. 20-22 × 7-8.

   leptopus, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. excentric, gibbous then depr. yellow-brown, torn into downy squamules, flesh yellow; g. simple, very narrow, yellowish then darker; s. 1-2 cm. solid, base narrowed; sp. 8-9 × 5.

   atrotomentosus, Fr. P. 6-12 cm. compact, excentric, gibbous then plano-infundib. dry, torn into granules, rusty; g. adnate, yellowish; s. solid, rooting, densely covered with blackish tomentum; sp. 5 × 3.

   [griseotomentosus, Fr. P. convexo-plane, gibbous, excentric, oblique, glabrous, tan, becoming rusty when bruised, edge incurved, downy; flesh watery; g. decur. broad, tan; s. stout, tuberous, velvety with grey down; sp. 9 long.

   [chrysophyllus, Trog. P. campan.-plane, horizontal, cracked into scales, pale cinnamon; g. decur. broad, white then citrin; s. short, ascending, pallid.

   crassus, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. oblique, nearly plane and even, becoming rusty; g. rather distant, cinnamon; s. very short, excentric, ascending; sp. 15-18 × 7-8.

   Strongly suggests the genus Flammula.

   [ionipus, Q. P. 5-10 cm. shell-shaped, oboval or oblong, glabrous, straw-colour with a tinge of olive, narrowed into a short, bulbous, tomentose, amethyst or lilac stem; flesh soft, citrin; g. decur. transversely veined, branched, tinged olive then cinnamon; sp. 6-7 long.

   panuoides, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. shell-shaped, downy then glabrous, sessile becoming resupinate, dingy yellow; g. decur. crowded, branched, crisped, yellow; sp. 4-5 × 3-4.

   var. fagi, Cke. Gregarious, crisped; g. crisped, orange.

   [lamellirugis, D. C. P. 2-5 cm. resupinate, cup-shaped then shell-shaped, downy, yellow; g. decur. branched, wavy and crisped, alveolate at the base, saffron then cinnamon; sp. 6 long.

   Perhaps identical with P. panuoides.

LOCELLINA, Gillet.

Alexandri, Gill. P. convex, umb. viscid, yellowish-tan, appendiculate; g. adnato-decur. flesh-colour; s. slender, wavy, whitish, with a fibrillose cinnamon veil, base bulbous, volva torn at free edge.

acetabulosa, Sacc. (= Acetabularia acetabulosa, B.). P. 2-3 cm. tan, edge deeply striate; g. free, brown; s. 4-5 cm. white, hollow, volva small.

PHOLIOTA, Fr.

1. A. Humigeni. Terrestrial, not attached to mosses; rarely caespitose.
   1. * Spores rusty.

      aurea, Matt. P. 8-14 cm. hemispher. exp. obtuse, somewhat velvety, pulverulent or obsoletely squamulose, golden tawny; g. adnexed, ventricose, paler than p.; s. 10-16 cm. stuffed, nearly equal, even; sp. 10 × 5.

      var. Vahlii, Schum. P. even, glabrous; g. almost free.

      caperata, Pers. P. 6-11 cm. ovate, exp. with incrusted white flecks, yellow; g. adnate, clay-colour; s. 8-14 cm. white, ring superior, thin, apex scaly; sp. 12 × 4-5.

      terrigena, Fr. (incl. P. Cookei, Fr.). P. 3-5 cm. exp. fibrillosely silky, dingy yellow; g. adnate, pale yellow rusty olive; s. 4-5 cm. equal, variegated with rusty wart-like scales; veil forming a ring and appendiculate; sp. 5 × 3. (10 × 4-6.)

      [Secretani, Fr. P. convex, exp. yellow with darker deciduous scales, then glabrous; g. adnate, golden then orange; s. solid, bulbous, floccosely squamulose below ring.

      erebia, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. glabrous, rather viscid, lurid umber then pale, edge striate; g. adnate; s. 3-4 cm. pallid, apical ring reflexed and striate; sp. ——.

      ombrophila, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. even, rusty, hygr.; g. ventricose; s. 6-9 cm. hollow, pallid, ring entire, distant; sp. 8 × 3.5. (13-14 × 6-7 Sacc.)

      var. brunneola, Fr. P. obtuse, brown; g. narrow.

      togularis, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. even, pale ochre; g. yellowish; s. 6-9 cm. apex pale, ring median; sp. 8 × 3.5.

      var. filaris, Fr. P. thin, campan. exp. obtuse, even, ochre; g. adnate, ventricose, yellow then pale rusty; s. filiform, wavy, glabrous, pallid, ring entire, distant.

      Smaller than type, and s. not so yellow.

      blattaria, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. subumb. rusty, hygr. edge striate; g. rounded and free, ventricose, cinnamon; s. 2-3 cm. equal, straight, rusty, ring white; sp. 4 × 2.

   2. ** Spores rusty-fuscous.

      dura, Bolton. P. 4-5 cm. rather compact, exp. glabrous, at length cracked into areolae, edge even, tawny then paler; g. adnate; s. 8-12 cm. hard, pale ochre, apex mealy, ring somewhat torn; sp. 8-9 × 5-6.

      var. xanthophylla, Bres. G. sulphur yellow then umber; sp. 12-14 × 7-8.

      praecox, Pers. P. 3-7 cm. soft, exp. obtuse, even, pallid tan; g. crowded, white then fuscescent; s. 4-9 cm. cylindrical, downy then glabrous, ring white; sp. 8-13 × 6-7.

      var. minor, Fr. Small; ring torn, appendiculate.

      [phragmatophylla, Guern. P. convex, depr. round broad umbo, maroon-bay then paler; g. narrow, adnato-decur. connected by numerous veins; s. tinged brown, squamulose, ring persistent, whitish.

      sphaleromorpha, Bull. P. 4-7 cm. yellowish, even, soon expanded; g. rather broad, slightly decur. dry, yellowish then tawny; s. 5-8 cm. silky, pale, base thickened, ring distant, membranous; sp. 10 × 7.

      [gibberosa, Fr. P. exp. dry, tan, umbo darker; g. quite free, closely crowded; s. slender, equal, white, ring torn.

2. B. Truncigeni. Growing on wood, or epiphytic; often clustered.
   1. * Pileus naked, not scaly but usually rivulose; gills pallid then rufous or fuscous.

      radicosa, Bull. Smell strong. P. 4-9 cm. equal, obtuse, even, glabrous, spotted, pale greyish tan; g. free, ventricose; s. 8-14 cm. solid, rooting, mealy above, squarrosely scaly below ring; sp. 9 × 4.5.

      pudica, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. exp. even, dry, glabrous, whitish or tinged tawny; s. 3-5 cm. solid, even, whitish, ring spreading, persistent; sp. 6-7 × 3.5.

      leochroma, Cke. P. 3-6 cm. exp. glabrous, tawny; g. adnate; s. 6-9 cm. nearly equal, solid, whitish, ring sup. tawny; sp. ——.

      [radicellata, Gill. P. ovoid then convex, striate, deep yellow-ochre; g. numerous, slightly adnexed, colour of p.; s. white, ring fugacious, long rooting.

      capistrata, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. edge incurved, slightly striate, pale dingy yellow, rather viscid; g. subdecur.; s. 6-9 cm. equal, squamulose, whitish, ring sup. spreading; sp. ——.

      [cylindracea, D. C. P. convex-gibbous, even, glabrous, rather viscid, dingy yellow, disc darker; g. adnexed, crowded, whitish then rusty; s. equal, rigid, subsquamulose, whitish, ring persistent apical, white; sp. 8 × 5.

      aegerita, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. rivulose, rugulose, tawny, edge pale; g. adnate, pallid then fuscous; s. 8-14 cm. equal, silky-white, ring sup. tumid; sp. 10 × 5.

      [Brigantii, Fr. P. convex, white, reticulately sulcate then cracked into wart-like areolae, polygonal, apex truncate and fuscous; g. with decur. tooth; s. solid, equal, white with bay scales, ring apical subobsolete.

      luxurians, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex-gibbous then exp. unequal, silky then squamulose, pale then rufo-fuscous; g. decur. greyish flesh-colour then fuscous; s. 3-5 cm. white then tawny, solid, rigid, floccose, ring apical, imperfect; sp. 10 × 4.

   2. ** Pileus scaly, not hygr., gills becoming discoloured.
      1. + Gills pallid then fuscous, olive, clay-coloured, not pure rusty.

         destruens, Brig. P. unequal, yellowish white, with paler large woolly floccose scales when dry; g. striato-decur. crenulate, broad, umber at last; s. solid, narrowed upwards, white-scaly, base swollen and rooting, ring fugacious; sp. 8-9 × 5-6.

         Parasitic on living trees.

         comosa, Fr. P. 7-14 cm. convex, viscid, tawny with whitish deciduous scales; g. subdecur. white then brownish tan; s. 7-9 cm. solid, rather bulbous, white, ring floccose, soon disappearing; sp. 12 × 6. (7.5-8.5 × 5-6 Sacc.)

         [magna, Schulz. P. convex-umb. wood-yellow, with broad scattered adpressed scales; g. sinuate, yellow then umber; s. cylindrical, thick, squarrosely scaly, yellowish; sp. 8-11 × 4-6.

         heteroclita, Fr. P. 6-14 cm. exp. very obtuse, subexcentric, whitish or yellowish, with scattered scales; g. very broad; s. 6-9 cm. solid, hard, bulbous, rooting, whitish, fibrillose, veil apical; sp. 8-10 × 5-6.

         [cerifera, Karst. P. convex, even, upper stratum thick, waxy-gelatinous, glabrous, yellow, edge white-squamulose at first; g. crowded, broad, pallid; s. central, solid, equal, curved, rooting, hard, white-squamulose, whitish; sp. 8-10 × 6-7.

         aurivella, Batsch. P. 7-14 cm. campan. convex, gibbous, tawny yellow, with darker scales, rather viscid; g. sinuato-adfixed; s. 8-14 cm. curved, with rusty adpressed squamules, ring rather distant; sp. 5 × 2.5. (8-9 × 4-5 Sacc.)

         var. filamentosa, Schaeff. P. thinner, scales adnate, concentric, ring floccoso-radiate.

         squarrosa, Müll. Smell strong. P. 5-9 cm. campan. convex, exp. dry, rusty saffron, with darker concentric, squarrose, revolute scales; g. narrow, pallid olive then rusty; s. 6-11 cm. squarrosely scaly up to ring; sp. 8 × 4.

         var. Mülleri, Fr. P. obtuse, pallid, adpressedly scaly, moist; g. fuscescent.

         var. reflexa, Schaeff. P. thin, cuspidately umbonate, scaly; s. partly hollow, long, equal.

         var. verruculosa, Lasch. P. compact, obtuse, yellow, papillate scales crowded, cinnamon; s. villosely squamulose.

         [humicola, Quel. P. campan. convex, pale yellow, spotted; g. yellow; s. slender, fistulose, yellowish, spotted; sp. 11-12 long.

         Probably a var. of Pholiota squarrosa.

         subsquarrosa, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, viscid, rusty brown with darker adpressed floccose scales; g. almost free, crowded, yellow then dingy tan; s. 5-8 cm. rusty yellow, with darker scales up to zone of ring; sp. ——.

         Differs from P. squarrosa in nearly free g.

         [djakovensis, Schulz. P. pulvinate-umb. fleshy, edge for a long time bent down, golden, darker and adpressed scaly at disc, very viscid in rain; g. crowded, free, tan then purple-brown, edge entire; s. somewhat rooting, ascending, subbulbous, scaly up to ring, colour of p.; sp. 4-5 long.

         [fusca, Q. P. 5-8 cm. convex, umb. viscid, brown with buff flecks near the edge; g. pale then lilac, at length brown; s. fibrous-fleshy, curved, subbulbous, yellowish-white, apex pulverulent, covered with fine flecks below the floccose annular zone; sp. 13 long.

      2. ++ Gills yellow then pure rusty or tawny.

         spectabilis, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. compact, exp. dry, bright tawny orange then paler, broken up into fibrous scales; g. adnato-decur. crowded, narrow, yellow then rusty; s. 6-9 cm. solid, ventricose, rooting, ring inf.; sp. 9 × 4.

         A destructive parasite on timber trees.

         [villosa, Fr. P. exp. dry, everywhere floccosely villose, yellow tawny; g. narrow, yellow; s. elongated, stout, fibrillose, base thickened, yellow, ring narrow, entire.

         adiposa, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. yellow, glutinous, with darker, concentric, deciduous scales; g. adnate, broad; s. 7-14 cm. subbulbous, yellow, with darker glutinous squamules; sp. 7 × 3-4.

         An injurious parasite to beech and ash.

         lucifera, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. then umb. viscid, yellow with darker adpr. deciduous scales; g. crenulate, narrow; s. 3-5 cm. equal, rather squamulose, base rusty, ring inf.; sp. 8-10 × 5-6.

         [violacea, Vogl. P. convex, viscid, violet, disc darkest; g. arcuato-decur. brownish, edge eroded; s. dark violet, ring distant, violet.

         flammans, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. subumb. dry, tawny with superficial sulphur squamules; g. crowded, entire, yellow; s. 5-7 cm. equal, rather wavy, squarrosely scaly up to ring; sp. 8 × 4. (4 × 2, Sacc.)

         Junonia, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. obtuse, dry, glabrous, yellow or tawny yellow; g. yellow then tawny; s. 5-9 cm. solid, equal, incurved, scurfy above entire ring; sp. 7-9 × 4.5-5.

         tuberculosa, Schaeff. P. 3-5 cm. exp. dry, tawny yellow, broken up into adpressed innate squamules; g. broad, serrulate; s. 3-4 cm. incurved, bulbous, ring deciduous; sp. 7 × 4.

         curvipoda, A. and S. P. 3-5 cm. exp. tawny yellow, torn into floccose adpressed scales; g. adnate, broad; s. 3-5 cm. thin, incurved, fibrillose, ring floccosely radiating, yellow; sp. 6-7 × 3-4.

         [Kolaënsis, Karst. P. convex-exp. yellow, covered with rusty or cinnamon indumentum; g. at first yellowish; s. incurved, short, rusty and fibrillosely scaly below.

         muricata, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, umbil. dry, yellow with tawny fasciculate flocci forming a muricate or granular covering; g. broad, yellow; s. thin, squamulose below the fugacious ring.

         [tersa, Fr. P. exp. adpressedly squamulose, entirely yellow; g. free; s. elongated, equal, rusty below.

         [trichocephala, Trog. P. campan. exp. obtuse, with shining straw-coloured hair-like squamules; g. free, distant, white then rusty; s. solid, base thickened, glabrous.

         cruentata, Cke. and Sm. P. 4-5 cm. exp. dry, yellow, breaking up into darker adpressed scales, edge incurved; g. yellow then tan; s. curved, colour of p. 3-5 cm. curved, base dark red brown, rooting, ring superior. Flesh red; sp. ——.

   3. *** Gills cinnamon (not yellow at first).

      paxillus, Fr. Entirely cinnamon. P. 7-12 cm. convexo-gibbous then exp. even, moist, rather wavy; g. decur. broad; s. 8-14 cm. solid, elongated, stout, ring narrow, spreading; sp. ——.

      dissimulans, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. exp. edge involute, often gibbous or obtusely umb. hygr. slightly viscid, lurid then pale; g. sinuately adnate; s. 3-4 cm. thickened downwards, white, ring superior; sp. 7 × 4.

      confragosa, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. exp. hygr. floccosely-scurfy, edge striate, rufous cinnamon then tawny; g. adnate, closely crowded; s. 4-5 cm. fistulose, equal, fibrillose below spreading ring; sp. 8 × 4.

      [sublutea, Fl. Dan. P. exp. umb. squamulose, moist, edge striate, yellow; g. decur.; s. stuffed, glabrous, yellow, ring spreading.

      phalerata, Fr. P. exp. glabrous but with superficial deciduous pale scales, yellow; g. adnato-decur.; s. fasciculately pilose, adpressedly flocculose above distant ring.

      mutabilis, Schaeff. P. 2.5-9 cm. exp. subumb. glabrous, deep cinnamon then pale; g. adnato-decur. crowded; s. 3-9 cm. rigid, squarrosely scaly up to ring, base dark rusty; sp. 9-11 × 5-6.

      [gregaria, Wettst. P. convex then exp. glabrous, edge thin, striate; sometimes becoming raised, pale fuscous centre darker; g. adnato-decur. broad, crowded, pallid then cinnamon; s. erect or curved, fistulose, fibrous, tough, slender, squarrosely squamulose up to spreading rusty ring, rusty below and pale above ring; sp. 6-8 × 4.

      marginata, Batsch. P. 2-3 cm. exp. glabrous, hygr. edge striate, honey-colour then pale; g. adnate, crowded; s. 3-5 cm. not scaly, ring fugacious, dark base with white velvety down; sp. 7-8 × 4.

      P. mutabilis differs in scaly s.

      sororia, Karst. P. convex, exp. slightly striate, squamulose, tawny-cinnamon; g. sinuato-adnate, crowded; s. equal, wavy, colour of p. then paler, variegated with white squamules, apex scurfy; sp. 6-7 × 3-4.

      Close to Pholiota marginata.

      mustelina, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan.-convex, even, glabrous, dry, yellow then ochre; g. adnate, tawny cinnamon; s. 2-2.5 cm. even, pallid, white-mealy above superior ring, base thickened, with white down; sp. ——.

      unicolor, Fl. Dan. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan.-convex, subumb. hygr. bay then ochre; g. subtriangular; s. 3-4 cm. colour of p., ring slender; sp. 9-10 × 5.

      [mellea, Karst. P. convex exp. even, glabrous, honey-colour; g. crowded, fuscescent; s. wavy, glabrous, whitish, ring persistent; sp. 8-12 × 6-9.

      Differs from Pholiota unicolor in colour.

3. C. Muscigeni. Resembling a Galera with a ring; hygr.

   pumila, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. hemispher. even, ochre; g. adnate, crowded, broad, yellow then pallid; s. 3-4 cm. slender, ring fugacious, forming a zone; sp. 8-10 × 5-6.

   [muscigena, Q. Honey yellow then pale ochre. P. campan. umb. thin, striate; g. triquetrous, thin, pale then ochre; s. slender, fistulose, fibrillose, slightly striate, cottony at the base; ring membranous, narrow, saffron-ochre; sp. 8-9 long.

   mycenoides, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. campan.-convex, everywhere striate, hygr. rusty then tawny or pallid; g. adnate; s. 3-4 cm. rusty, glabrous, ring white; sp. 8-10 × 5-6.

   rufidula, Kalchbr. P. exp. depr. not striate, rather rufous brick-red then pale, white-flocculose at edge; g. adnate, branched; s. watery rufescent, white-fibrillose, ring superior; sp. 8-10 × 4-6.