FOOTNOTES:
1 (return)
[ REGNUM CONGO: hoc est VERA
DESCRIPTIO REGNI AFRICANI QUOD TAM AB INCOLIS QUAM LUSITANIS CONGUS
APPELLATUR, per Philippum Pigafettam, olim ex Edoardo Lopez acroamatis
lingua Italica excerpta, num Latio sermone donata ab August. Cassiod.
Reinio. Iconibus et imaginibus rerum memorabilium quasi vivis, opera et
industria Joan. Theodori et Joan. Israelis de Bry, fratrum exornata.
Francofurti, MDXCVIII.]
2 (return)
[ "Except this that their
legges had no calves."—(Ed. 1626.) And in a marginal note, "These
great apes are called Pongo's."]
3 (return)
[ 'Purchas' note'.—Cape
Negro is in 16 degrees south of the line.]
4 (return)
[ Purchas' marginal note, p.
982:—"The Pongo a giant ape. He told me in conference with him, that
one of these pongoes tooke a negro boy of his which lived a moneth with
them. For they hurt not those which they surprise at unawares, except they
look on them; which he avoyded. He said their highth was like a man's, but
their bignesse twice as great. I saw the negro boy. What the other monster
should be he hath forgotten to relate; and these papers came to my hand
since his death, which, otherwise, in my often conferences, I might have
learned. Perhaps he meaneth the Pigmy Pongo killers mentioned."]
5 (return)
[ 'Archives du Museum', tome
x.]
6 (return)
[ I am indebted to Dr.
Wright, of Cheltenham, whose paleontological labours are so well known,
for bringing this interesting relic to my knowledge. Tyson's
granddaughter, it appears, married Dr. Allardyce, a physician of repute in
Cheltenham, and brought, as part of her dowry, the skeleton of the
'Pygmie.' Dr. Allardyce presented it to the Cheltenham Museum, and,
through the good offices of my friend Dr. Wright, the authorities of the
Museum have permitted me to borrow, what is, perhaps its most remarkable
ornament.]
7 (return)
[ "Mandrill" seems to signify
a "man-like ape," the word "Drill" or "Dril" having been anciently
employed in England to denote an Ape or Baboon. Thus in the fifth edition
of Blount's "Glossographia, or a Dictionary interpreting the hard words of
whatsoever language now used in our refined English tongue...very useful
for all such as desire to understand what they read," published in 1681, I
find, "Dril—a stone-cutter's tool wherewith he bores little holes in
marble, etc. Also a large overgrown Ape and Baboon, so called." "Drill" is
used in the same sense in Charleton's "Onomasticon Zoicon," 1668. The
singular etymology of the word given by Buffon seems hardly a probable
one.]
8 (return)
[ 'Histoire Naturelle',
Suppl. tome 7eme, 1789.]
9 (return)
[ Camper, 'Oeuvres', i. p.
56.]
10 (return)
[ Verhandelingen van het
Bataviaasch Genootschap. Tweede Deel. Derde Druk. 1826.]
11 (return)
[ "Briefe des Herrn v.
Wurmb und des H. Baron von Wollzogen. Gotha, 1794."]
12 (return)
[ See Blumenbach,
'Abbildungen Naturhistorichen Gegenstande, No. 12, 1810; and Tilesius,
Naturhistoriche Fruchte der ersten Kaiserlich-Russischen Erdumsegelung',
p. 115, 1813.]
13 (return)
[ Speaking broadly and
without prejudice to the question, whether there be more than one species
of Orang.]
14 (return)
[ See "Observations on the
external characters and habits of the Troglodytes niger, by Thomas N.
Savage, M.D., and on its organization by Jeffries Wyman, M.D.," 'Boston
Journal of Natural History', vol. iv., 1843-4; and "External characters,
habits, and osteology of Troglodytes Gorilla," by the same authors,
'ibid'., vol. v., 1847.]
15 (return)
[ Man and Monkies', p.
423.]
16 (return)
['Wanderings in New South
Wales', vol. ii. chap. viii., 1834.]
17 (return)
[ 'Boston Journal of
Natural History', vol. i., 1834.]
18 (return)
[ The largest Orang-Utan,
cited by Temminck, measured, when standing upright, 4 ft.; but he mentions
having just received news of the capture of an Orang 5 ft. 3 in. high.
Schlegel and Juller say that their largest old male measured, upright,
1.25 Netherlands "el"; and from the crown to the end of the toes, 1.5 el;
the circumference of the body being about 1 el. The largest old female was
1.09 el high, when standing. The adult skeleton in the College of
Surgeons' Museum, if set upright, would stand 3 ft. 6-8 in. from crown to
sole. Dr. Humphry gives 3 ft. 8 in. as the mean height of two Orangs. Of
seventeen Orangs examined by Mr. Wallace, the largest was 4 ft. 2 in.
high, from the heel to the crown of the head. Mr. Spencer St. John,
however, in his 'Life in the Forests of the Far East', tells us of an
Orang of "5 ft. 2 in., measuring fairly from the head to the heel," 15 in.
across the face, and 12 in. round the wrist. It does not appear, however,
that Mr. St. John measured this Orang himself.]
19 (return)
[ See Mr. Wallace's account
of an infant "Orang-utan," in the 'Annals of Natural History' for 1856.
Mr. Wallace provided his interesting charge with an artificial mother of
buffalo-skin, but the cheat was too successful. The infant's entire
experience led it to associate teats with hair, and feeling the latter, it
spent its existence in vain endeavours to discover the former.]
20 (return)
[ "They are the slowest and
least active of all the monkey tribe, and their motions are surprisingly
awkward and uncouth."—Sir James Brooke, in the 'Proceedings of the
Zoological Society', 1841.]
21 (return)
[ Mr. Wallace's account of
the progression of the Orang almost exactly corresponds with this.]
22 (return)
[ Sir James Brooke, in a
letter to Mr. Waterhouse, published in the proceedings of the Zoological
Society for 1841, says:—"On the habits of the Orangs, as far as I
have been able to observe them, I may remark that they are as dull and
slothful as can well be conceived, and on no occasion, when pursuing them,
did they move so fast as to preclude my keeping pace with them easily
through a moderately clear forest; and even when obstructions below (such
as wading up to the neck) allowed them to get away some distance, they
were sure to stop and allow me to come up. I never observed the slightest
attempt at defence, and the wood which sometimes rattled about our ears
was broken by their weight, and not thrown, as some persons represent. If
pushed to extremity, however, the 'Pappan' could not be otherwise than
formidable, and one unfortunate man, who, with a party, was trying to
catch a large one alive, lost two of his fingers, besides being severely
bitten on the face, whilst the animal finally beat off his pursuers and
escaped." Mr. Wallace, on the other hand, affirms that he has several
times observed them throwing down branches when pursued. "It is true he
does not throw them 'at' a person, but casts them down vertically; for it
is evident that a bough cannot be thrown to any distance from the top of a
lofty tree. In one case a female Mias, on a durian tree, kept up for at
least ten minutes a continuous shower of branches and of the heavy, spined
fruits, as large as 32-pounders, which most effectually kept us clear of
the tree she was on. She could be seen breaking them off and throwing them
down with every appearance of rage, uttering at intervals a loud pumping
grunt, and evidently meaning mischief."—"On the Habits of the
Orang-Utan," 'Annals of Nat. History, 1856. This statement, it will be
observed, is quite in accordance with that contained in the letter of the
Resident Palm quoted above (p. 210).]
23 (return)
[ On the Orang-Utan, or
Mias of Borneo, 'Annals of Natural History', 1856.]
24 (return)
[ Notice of the external
characters and habits of Troglodytes Gorilla. 'Boston Journal of Natural
History', 1847.]