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Exercises upon the Different Parts of Italian Speech, with References to Veneroni's Grammar / to which is added an abridgement of the Roman history, intended at once to make the learner acquainted with history, and the idiom of the Italian language cover

Exercises upon the Different Parts of Italian Speech, with References to Veneroni's Grammar / to which is added an abridgement of the Roman history, intended at once to make the learner acquainted with history, and the idiom of the Italian language

Chapter 29: FOOTNOTES
By Ferdinando Bottarelli
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About This Book

The work presents systematic exercises in Italian grammar organized around Veneroni’s syntax, with conjugation drills, paradigms, and graded examples arranged in three progressive types: brief rule illustrations, longer practice sentences that recycle earlier material, and comprehensive passages combining multiple rules. Radical words are interlined and accents are marked to aid pronunciation and reduce dictionary consultation. Editorial notes correct references and obsolete phrases. An appended abridgment of Roman history provides reading material designed to reinforce idiomatic usage and to acquaint learners with relevant cultural context.

The [187]twelve [188]nations of the Tuscans, [189]rising for the [190]utter ruin [191]of the Roman name in the year of the city 442, were [192]routed in a great [193]battle by Fabius the [194]consul, in the [195]year 444, in which were [196]slain, or [197]taken of the [198]enemy, to the [199]number of 60,000.

In the year 472, the [200]Tarentines, [201]brought the [202]Romans against them [203]by plundering their [204]fleet, and [205]assailing their [206]ambassadors, who [207]came to [208]complain of the [209]injury. They, [210]together with the [211]Samnites, and [212]Salentines, were [213]defeated by L. [214]Æmilius Barbula. [215]Terrified at this [216]ill fortune, they [217]sent for [218]Pyrrhus to their [219]assistance; who, in the year of the city 474, having [220]brought over an [221]army into [222]Italy, [223]waged against the Romans [224]a war which [225]lasted six years. In the [226]first [227]encounter the Romans, [228]headed by [229]Lævinus, being [230]conquered, not so much by the [231]strength of the [232]enemy, as by the [233]strange [234]shape of the [235]elephants, [236]yielded up the [237]day: Pyrrhus [238]dismissed all the [239]prisoners [240]without [241]ransom. [242]Soon after, having [243]made some [244]fruitless [245]overtures of [246]peace by his [247]ambassador [248]Cyneas ([249]for [250]Appius Claudius [251]obstructed it), he [252]engaged the Romans [253]twice: the [254]victory [255]both times being [256]dubious. He was [257]then [258]invited by the [259]Syracusans [260]into Sicily against [261]the Carthaginians; [262]where [263]matters [264]not succeeding [265]according to his [266]desires, he [267]returned into [268]Italy in the year 479; and being [269]defeated, [270]forced out of his [271]camp, and [272]beaten from [273]Tarentum, he returned into [274]Epirus.

FOOTNOTES

[1] distrúggere

[2] idea

[3] abbandonáre

[4] traslocarsi

[5] Vej

[6] dissuáso

[7] diségno

[8] Camíllo

[9] mentre

[10] Marco Mánlio

[11] ottenere

[12] cognóme

[13] Capitolíno

[14] nóbile

[15] difésa

[16] campidóglio

[17] cercáre

[18] ambizione

[19] popoláre

[20] favóre

[21] impadronírsi

[22] suprémo

[23] potére

[24] precipitáto

[25] rocca Tarpéa

[26] diféndere

[27] grande

[28] contésa

[29] fra

[30] nobiltà

[31] popolo

[32] C. Licínio Stolone

[33] L. Séstio

[34] tribúno

[35] popolo

[36] propórre

[37] legge

[38] scegliere

[39] cónsole

[40] d’infra’l popolo

[41] riuscíre

[42] seguénte

[43] L. Séstio fu eletto cónsole

[44] dopo

[45] guerra

[46] Tibúrti

[47] Tarquiniési

[48] Falísci

[49] Gálli

[50] méttersi

[51] órdine

[52] battáglia

[53] mandáre

[54] disfída

[55] uccídere

[56] certo M. Valério

[57] tribúno

[58] soldato

[59] assisténza

[60] corvo

[61] da ció

[62] cognóme

[63] Corvíno

[64] ma

[65] guerra

[66] gravóso

[67] lunga

[68] contro

[69] Sanníti

[70] intrapréndere

[71] richiésta

[72] Campáni

[73] duráre

[74] settánta

[75] benchè

[76] spesse volte

[77] battúto

[78] Latíno

[79] préndere l’armi

[80] contro

[81] vincere

[82] cónsoli Torquáto e Decio

[83] primo

[84] decapitáre

[85] figliuólo

[86] aver combáttuto

[87] senza

[88] órdine

[89] altro

[90] consacrársi

[91] morte

[92] armáta

[93] nemíco

[94] sottomettérsi

[95] poco dopo

[96] ribelláre

[97] alla fine

[98] affátto

[99] ridótto

[100] incírca

[101] Galli

[102] fare

[103] pace

[104] mantenere

[105] trenta

[106] Cisalpíno

[107] assieme con

[108] Transalpíno

[109] Galli

[110] Toscáni

[111] dare il guasto a

[112] Románo

[113] território

[114] ritornáre

[115] casa

[116] carico

[117] spóglia

[118] contendere

[119] quattro

[120] unírsi

[121] Sanníti

[122] Toscáni

[123] assalíre

[124] armáta

[125] comandáre

[126] L. Scipióne

[127] propretóre

[128] battáglia

[129] P. Decio

[130] cónsole

[131] sacrificò se stesso

[132] diéci

[133] Galli Senoni

[134] invitáto

[135] Lucáni

[136] Bruzi