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Expository Writing

Chapter 97: INDEX
By Mervin James Curl
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About This Book

The text presents practical guidance on composing clear explanatory prose, opening with the aims and material of exposition and then treating methods such as definition, analysis, and the organization of mechanisms and processes. It distinguishes types of reader interest—satisfaction and stimulation—and shows how tone can range from technical instruction to conversational essay. Separate chapters offer techniques for criticism, informal essay and expository biography, and for gathering and handling research material. Emphasis rests on audience awareness, structured development, clarity of expression, and exercises to help students explain ideas and procedures effectively.

INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIVE SELECTIONS

  • Amiel's Journal, "Mozart and Beethoven", 277-278
  • Antin, Mary, The Promised Land, "The Making of an American", 186-189
  • Atlantic Monthly, The Contributor's Club, "The Privileges of Age", 245-247
  • Aumonier, Stacy, "Solemn-Looking Blokes" (Century Magazine), 29-33
  • Bagehot, Walter, Works, vol. III, "A Constitutional Statesman", 227-229
  • Belloc, Hilaire, First and Last, "On a Great Wind", 244
  • Bradford, Gamaliel, Confederate Portraits, "Judah P. Benjamin", 264
  • Brooke, Rupert, Collected Poems, "The Great Lover", 234-235
  • Bullard, F. Lauriston, Famous War Correspondents, "A Definition of the Correspondent", 78
  • Burdick, Francis M, The Essentials of Business Law—
    • "Definition of the Clearing-House", 76
    • "Definition of Sale", 105
  • Burroughs, John, Birds and Bees, "An Idyl of the Honey-Bee", 48-55
    • Outline of "An Idyl of the Honey-Bee", 64-66
    • Birds and Poets, "Emerson's Literary Quality", 224
    • Leaf and Tendril, "A Breath of April", 247-249
  • Burton, Richard, Little Essays in Literature and Life, "The Nature of the Informal Essay", 243-244
  • Butler, Samuel, The Note-Books of Samuel Butler, "A Group of Definitions", 109
  • Cannon, J. G, Clearing-Houses, "Classification of Clearing-Houses", 140
  • Carlyle, Thomas, Essay on Biography, Selection from, 275-276
    • Sartor Resartus, "The Entepfuhl Road", 40
  • Century Magazine, "The Hydraulic Cartridge", 161-162
  • Corbin, John, An American at Oxford, "How to Handle a Punt", 163-164
  • Corbin, T. W, Engineering of To-day, "Cargo Steamers", 203-205
    • "The Oxygen Blow-Pipe", 161
    • "Launching the Neptune", 178-181
  • Cram, R. A., The Heart of Europe, "Definition of the Heart", 104
  • Croly, Herbert, The Promise of American Life, "The American Business Man", 197-199
  • Dilley, Arthur U, Oriental Rugs, "A Classification of Rugs", 119-122
  • Eliot, George, The Mill on the Floss, "The Scenery of the Rhone", 124-125
  • Emerson, Ralph Waldo, Conduct of Life, "Fate", 27-28; 36-37
    • Nature, Addresses, and Lectures, "A Definition of Conservative and Innovator", 93-95
    • Society and Solitude, "Definition of Civilization in America", 98-99
  • Escott, T. H. S, Great Victorians, "Balfour", 271
  • Gardiner, A. G., Prophets, Priests, and Kings, "Balfour", 148
    • "King Edward VII", 148-149
    • "Lord Morley", 19
    • "Thomas Hardy", 149-150
  • Garland, Hamlin, A Son of the Middle Border, a sentence from, 45
  • Gissing, George, The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft—
    • "Apples for Diet", 21-22
    • "A Definition of Art", 7
    • "A Definition of Poverty", 84-85
    • "English Cooking", 210-211
    • "Military Drill", 225-226
    • "The Sportswoman", 128-129
    • "The 'Tempest'", 213-214
    • "Vegetarianism", 222-223
  • Green, J. R., Short History of the English People, "Estimate of the Character of Elizabeth", 122-123
  • Greenough and Kittredge, Words and Their Ways in English Speech, "The Process of Radiation", 181-183
  • Haweis, Rev. Mr., Music and Morals, "The Character of J. R. Green", 268-269
  • Hawthorne, Nathaniel, Our Old Home, "English Weather", 126-128
  • Henderson, W. H., What is Good Music—
    • "Criticism of Musical Performances", 230
    • "The Modern Orchestra", 152-153
  • Howells, W. D., A Boy's Town, "The Difference Between Boys and Men", 107
  • Hungerford, Edward, The Personality of American Cities, "Boston", 68-69
  • Judy, A. M., From the Study to the Farm, "The Farmer's Life", 150-151
  • Lounsbury, T. R., English Spelling and Spelling Reform, "Final e", 205-208
  • Lucke, C. E., Power, "The Mechanical Engineer", 98
    • "The Problem of Power Machinery", 137
    • "Water Power", 151-152
  • Masefield, John, Gallipoli, "The Horror of the Fight", 69-70
  • Morley, John, Miscellanies, vol. I, "The Distinction Between the Poetic and the Scientific Spirit", 105-106
  • Morman, J. B., The Principles of Rural Credit, "Amortization", 85-86
  • Pollak, Gustav, Fifty Years of American Idealism—
    • "Jingo Morality", 220-222
    • "Lowell at St. James", 193-194
    • "Moral Atmosphere", 91-93
    • "Responsible Statesman", 87
  • Prelini, Charles, Dredges and Dredging, "The Operation of Dredges", 170
  • Royce, Josiah, "Nietzsche" (Atlantic Monthly), 131
  • Russell, Bertrand,
    • National Independence and Internationalism—
    • "National Sentiment", 226-227
    • "State and Nation", 89-90
    • Why Men Fight, "Impulse and Desire", 132-135
  • Sainte-Beuve, "Definition of a Classic", 91
  • Scientific American, "The Catskill Water Supply", 185-186
  • Scribner's Magazine, The Point of View, "The New Poetry", 200-201
  • Sedgwick, H. D., The New American Type, "Honor", 108
  • Shakespeare, William, King Henry IV, "Bardolph on 'Accommodate'", 81-82
  • Sharp, Dallas Lore, The Hills of Hingham, "The Carpet Layer", 173-174
  • Shaw, G. B.,
    • Dramatic Opinions and Essays—
    • "The Odds Against Shakespeare", 116-117
    • Sanity of Art, "Definition of Artist", 103
    • "Indispensability of Law", 153-156
    • "Passion", 146-147
    • "Pattern Designers and Dramatic Composers", 111-112
    • Society and Superior Brains—
    • "Ability that Gives Value for Money", 85
    • "Superiority of Status", 109-110
  • Slicer, T. R., From Poet to Premier, "O. W. Holmes", 272
  • Standard Dictionary, Definition of "Correspondent", 78
  • Stevenson, R. L., "Pulvis et Umbra", 55-57
    • "The sun upon my shoulders", 45
  • Talbot, F. A., The Making of a Great Canadian Railway—
    • "The Stone Boat", 165
    • "The Track Layer", 166-168
  • Taylor, B. L., The Line o' Type Column, "Highbrow," etc., 102
  • Thackeray, W. M., The English Humorists of the Eighteenth Century, "Oliver Goldsmith", 285-294
  • Warner, Frances L., "The Amateur Chessman" (From The Point of View, Scribner's Magazine), 249-252
  • Webster's New International Dictionary, Definition of "Art", 6
    • A series of definitions, 100-101
  • Wendell, Barrett, English Composition, "Carlyle's Frederick the Great", 279-280
  • Weston, E. M., Rock Drills, "Hammer Drills", 115-116
    • "Tappet Valve Drills", 219-220
  • Wister, Owen, Quack Novels and Democracy, "The Quack Novel", 88-89

INDEX

  • Ability of the critic to analyze, 192-194.
  • Adaptation of treatment to subject, 6.
  • Addison, Joseph, 233-236.
  • Aids in gaining clearness in Mechanisms, Processes, and Organizations, 169-172.
  • Aids in gaining interest in Mechanisms, Processes, and Organizations, 172-175.
  • Aids in solving the problem in Expository Biography, 261-265.
  • Amiel, Frederic, 277.
  • Amount of expository writing, 2.
  • Analysis, 8, 113-143;
    • definition of, 113;
    • enumeration as one kind of informal analysis, 129;
    • equation as one kind of informal analysis, 130;
    • formal analysis, 118;
    • informal analysis, 129-137;
    • kinds of analysis, the two, 115-118;
    • kinds of informal analysis, 129-137;
    • object of informal analysis, 124;
    • the principles of analysis, 138-143;
    • relationship as a form of informal analysis, 131;
    • statement of a problem as a form of informal analysis, 136;
    • statement of significance as a form of informal analysis, 130;
    • the two virtues of analysis, 114.
  • Analyzing the character in Expository Biography, 270-275.
  • Antin, Mary, 189.
  • Appreciative method of criticism, 209-215.
  • Aumonier, Stacy, 29.
  • Bagehot, Walter, 229.
  • Balfour, Arthur James, 273.
  • Barrie, Sir J. M., 241, 263.
  • Beethoven, Ludwig van, 278.
  • Belloc, Hilaire, 239, 244.
  • Biography, Expository, 257-296;
    • aid in solving the problem of, 261-265;
    • analyzing the character of the hero, 270-275;
    • beliefs of the hero, 273;
    • choice of events in hero's life for, 276-277;
    • defining the hero's character, 266-270;
    • deeds of the hero, 274;
    • events in hero's life, use of, 275-280;
    • friends of the hero, 274;
    • heredity of the hero, 270-272;
    • interests of the hero, 272;
    • kinds of, 257;
    • lesson, danger of making one, 282;
    • life problem of the hero, 258-260;
    • object of expository biography, 258;
    • problem, the chief, of expository biography, 258-261;
    • problem of telling the truth, 280-281;
    • process of solving the problem, 266-274;
    • relation of events to personality, 277-278;
    • relation of hero to society and times, 278-280;
    • rhetorical form of expository biography, 282-285;
    • rhetorical value of events, 280.
  • B. L. T., 102.
  • Boswell, James, 267, 279, 281.
  • Bradford, Gamaliel, 264, 267, 281.
  • Breadth of interest in writer of Informal Essays, 233-234.
  • Brooke, Rupert, 234.
  • Brooks, Sidney, 43.
  • Brown, John, 238, 241.
  • Browne, Sir Thomas, 262.
  • Bullard, F. Lauriston, 78.
  • Burdick, Francis M., 76, 105.
  • Burroughs, John, 40, 41, 47, 224, 238, 247.
  • Burton, Richard, 243.
  • Butler, Samuel, 109.
  • Byron, Lord, 200, 274.
  • Cannon, J. G., 140.
  • Carlyle, Thomas, 40, 258, 265, 272, 275, 279.
  • Catalogs, use of, 301-302.
  • Cause for stupidity in expository writing, 4, 25.
  • Cause, method of showing, in definition, 97.
  • Cautions about definitions, 80.
  • Cavour, 266.
  • Centralization, finding the root principle in mechanisms, etc., 159-162.
  • Chesterton, Gilbert, 240, 241.
  • Cicero, 12.
  • Classification, 8, 117.
  • Clearness:
    • aids in gaining, 169-172;
    • in explaining mechanisms, etc., 157, 162.
  • Coleridge, Samuel T., 215.
  • Comparison and contrast, method of in defining, 86.
  • Controlling purpose:
    • definition of, 16;
    • emotional reaction to, 26-33;
    • practical use of, 39-47;
    • proper use of, 33-38;
    • source of, 16-26;
    • source of in reader's attitude, 22-25;
    • source of in subject, 16-18;
    • source of in writer's attitude, 18-22;
    • stated in one sentence, 37;
    • value, relative, of sources for, 25.
  • Cooper, James F., 196.
  • Corbin, John, 164.
  • Corbin, T. W., 161, 181, 205.
  • Cowley, 232.
  • Cram, Ralph Adams, 104.
  • Critic, the:
    • ability to analyze, 192-194;
    • common sense, 195;
    • knowledge of the general field of criticism, 194-195;
    • open-mindedness, 195-196.
  • Criticism, 190-217;
    • ability to analyze, possessed by the critic, 192-194;
    • common sense of critic, 195;
    • criticism and comment, 91;
    • definition of, 190;
    • diction in, 216-217;
    • knowledge of general field, possessed by critic, 194-195;
    • methods:
    • appreciative, 209-215;
    • historical, 196-202;
    • standards, 202-209;
    • open-mindedness of critic, 195-196;
    • practical helps for writing, 215-217;
    • range of criticism, 191.
  • Croly, Herbert, 129, 199.
  • Crothers, S. M., 237, 240.
  • Da Vinci, Leonardo, 273.
  • Deeds of hero in Expository Biography, 274.
  • Defining the character of the hero in Expository Biography, 266-270.
  • Definition of analysis, 113;
    • of criticism, 190;
    • of informal essay, 231.
  • Definition: 8, 73-112;
    • cautions, general, about, 80;
    • definition of, 73;
    • differentia and genus, 77;
    • difficulty in discovering genus, 74;
    • methods of defining:
    • of comparison or contrast, 86;
    • of division, 90;
    • of elimination, 95;
    • of illustration, 83;
    • of repetition, 93;
    • of showing origin, cause, and effect, 97;
    • process of definition, 74;
    • restricting the genus, 77;
    • two classes of, 78.
  • Demosthenes, 12.
  • De Quincey, 242.
  • Dictionaries, use of, 302.
  • Dilley, Arthur U., 122.
  • Douglas, Stephen A., 274.
  • Economy, in note-taking, 298-299.
  • Edwards, Jonathan, 27.
  • Elimination as a method in definition, 95.
  • Eliot, George, 124-125.
  • Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1, 27, 93, 95, 98, 224, 271, 282.
  • Emotions, the, and the controlling purpose, 26-33.
  • Encyclopædias, use of, 302.
  • Enumeration as a form of informal analysis, 129.
  • Equation as a form of informal analysis, 130.
  • Escott, T. H. S., 271.
  • Essay. See Informal Essay.
  • Events in hero's life for expository biography, 275-280.
  • Exposition:
    • amount of, 2;
    • answers questions, 1, 2;
    • causes for stupidity in writing exposition, 4, 25;
    • emotions and exposition, 27;
    • problem, the, in writing, 11;
    • success of, 12;
    • task of, 9-10;
    • truth of, 7.
  • Formal analysis, 118.
  • Franz, Robert, 276.
  • Freeman, Mrs. M. E. W., 199.
  • Friends of the hero in expository biography, 274.
  • Gardiner, A. G., 19, 148, 149, 150.
  • Garland, Hamlin, 45.
  • Gissing, George, 7, 21, 84, 103, 128, 209, 214, 223, 226.
  • Goethe, Johann, 270.
  • Goldsmith, Oliver, 267, 284, 285.
  • Gray, 270.
  • Green, J. R., 28, 268.
  • Greenough and Kittredge, 183.
  • Hardy, Thomas, 294.
  • Haweis, the Rev. Mr., 268.
  • Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 126.
  • Hazlitt, 195, 231, 232, 236, 238, 243.
  • Henderson, W. H., 153, 230.
  • Henry, Patrick, 12.
  • Heredity in expository biography, 270-272.
  • Historical method of criticism, 196-202.
  • Holmes, O. W., 271-272.
  • Howells, W. D., 107.
  • Humor in the informal essay, 241-242.
  • Hungerford, Edward, 69.
  • Hunt, Leigh, 238.
  • Husband, Joseph, 239.
  • Huxley, Thomas, 44.
  • Illustration as a method of definition, 83.
  • Imaginative sympathy in expository biography, 261-265.
  • Informal analysis, 123-138.
  • Informal Essay, 231-244;
    • breadth of interest in author of, 233-234;
    • definition of, 231;
    • humor in, 241-242;
    • nature as subject for, 238-239;
    • not too exhaustive, 242;
    • not too serious, 240-242;
    • not too rhetorically strict, 242-243;
    • people as subjects for, 237-238;
    • personal nature, 232-233;
    • range of subject, 237;
    • things as subjects for, 239-240.
  • Interest in writing, 2;
    • aids to gain, in mechanisms, processes and organizations, 172-175;
    • of two kinds, 3;
    • relation to underlying thought, 8.
  • Interpreting and reporting, 5.
  • James, William, 4, 44, 266.
  • Jefferies, Richard, 239.
  • Jewett, Miss S. O., 199.
  • Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 81, 233.
  • Judicial criticism, here treated as criticism by standards, 202-209.
  • Judy, A. M., 151.
  • Labouchere, Henry, 9.
  • Lamb, Charles, 6, 26, 232, 235, 242, 262.
  • Lamb, Mary, 259.
  • Lee, Robert E., 274, 277.
  • Libraries:
  • Lincoln, Abraham, 2, 16, 87, 269, 270.
  • Liszt, Franz, 276.
  • Lounsbury, Thomas, 205.
  • Lowell, J. R., 271.
  • Lucke, C. E., 98, 137, 152.
  • Masefield, John, 69, 70, 71.
  • Materials:
    • ordering of, 41-47;
    • selecting of, 39-41.
  • Mechanisms, 157-175;
    • aids for gaining clearness, 169-172;
    • aids for gaining interest, 172-175;
    • cautions, 158-159;
    • centralization, 159-162;
    • expression of root principle in one sentence, 160-161;
    • necessity for clearness, 157-158;
    • orders to be followed, 164-168.
  • Meredith, George, 241.
  • Methods,
    • in criticism:
    • appreciative, 209-215;
    • historical, 196-202;
    • standards, 202-209;
    • in definition:
    • comparison and contrast, 86;
    • division, 90;
    • elimination, 95;
    • illustration, 83;
    • origin, cause, and effect, 97;
    • repetition, 93.
  • Middleton, Richard, 240.
  • More, P. E., 115, 123.
  • Morley, John, 18, 105-106.
  • Morman, J. B., 85.
  • Mozart, W. A., 277.
  • Notes:
    • care in taking, 300;
    • economy the chief virtue, 298-299;
    • methods of taking, 300;
    • space of notes, 299-300.
  • Order of Material, 41-47.
  • Organizations: 157-162
  • Parkman, Francis, 236.
  • Parr, 279.
  • Partition, 8, 117.
  • People as subjects for informal essays, 237-238.
  • Pericles, 273.
  • Poe, E. A., 12.
  • Pollak, Gustav, 86, 93, 194, 222.
  • Prelini, Charles, 170.
  • Problem, statement of a, in informal analysis, 136.
  • Problem of expository biography, 248-261.
  • Processes: 157-162
    • (general discussion), 162-164;
    • aids to gaining clearness in, 169-172;
    • aids to gaining interest in, 172-175.
  • Relation of events to personality in expository biography, 277-278.
  • Relation of hero to society and times in expository biography, 278-280.
  • Repetition as a method in definition, 93.
  • Reporting vs. interpreting, 5.
  • Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 208.
  • Rhetorical strictness absent in informal essay, 242-243.
  • Rhetorical value of events in expository biography, 280.
  • Royce, Josiah, 131.
  • Russell, Bertrand, 90, 135, 227.
  • Sainte-Beuve, 91.
  • Scott, Sir Walter, 200.
  • Sedgwick, H. D., 108.
  • Selection of material, 39-41.
  • Shakespeare, William, 12, 60, 81, 257.
  • Sharp, Dallas Lore, 173, 174, 237, 238.
  • Shaw, G. B., 85, 102, 110, 112, 117, 146, 147, 156.
  • Sidney, Sir Philip, 9.
  • Significance, statement of, as form of informal analysis, 130.
  • Slavery to printed word, 297.
  • Slicer, T. R., 277.
  • Smith, Sydney, 241.
  • Socrates, 263.
  • Sources of the controlling purpose, 16, 26.
  • Standards, criticism by, 202-209.
  • Steele, Richard, 232.
  • Stevenson, R. L., 6, 41, 45, 55, 58, 66, 237, 238, 241, 257, 259, 260, 263, 271, 274, 281.
  • Strategy, the problem of, in writing, 11.
  • Sympathy, imaginative, in expository biography, 261-265.
  • Taft, Wm. H., 46.
  • Talbot, F. A., 165, 168.
  • Taylor, Bert Lester, 102.
  • Tennyson, Alfred, 26, 274.
  • Thackeray, Wm. M., 258, 284.
  • Truth, as related to interest, 7-8.
  • Unification, 13-14.
  • Warner, C. D., 238, 239.
  • Warner, Frances L., 249.
  • Webster, Daniel, 173.
  • Weston, E. M., 116, 220.
  • Whibley, Charles, 266, 269, 283.
  • Whistler, 212.
  • Wilson, Woodrow, 12, 176.
  • Wister, Owen, 89.