* * * * *
Irrecoverably dark, total eclipse
Without all hope of day!
O, first created Beam, and thou great Word,
'Let there be light, and light was over all';
Why am I thus bereaved thy prime decree?"
In 1810 the King was greatly worried by the failure of the Walcheren expedition, and the notorious "Duke and Darling" scandal that brought disgrace upon the Duke of York and resulted in his resignation of the office of Commander-in-Chief. On October 24 he was very unwell, and at the Drawing-room on the next day every one noticed his excited manner. On the 29th the Prime Minister and the Lord Chancellor visited him at Windsor, where they came to the conclusion that he was not in a fit state to discharge his kingly duties, and orders were given that only physicians and medical attendants should have access to the royal apartments. Then came the crowning blow in the form of the death of his youngest and favourite daughter, Amelia, on November 2. She was deeply attached to him, and placed on his finger a ring, containing a lock of her hair, enclosed under a crystal tablet and inscribed "Remember me." Even that inveterate opponent of royalty, "Peter Pindar," was touched, and commemorated the event in some of the worst lines he ever wrote.
To charm the world and dignify her race,
Life's taper losing fail its feeble fire,
The fair Amelia, thus bespoke her sire:
Faint on the bed of sickness lying,
My spirit from its mansion flying,
Not long the light these languid eyes will see:
My friend, my father, and my King,
O, wear a daughter's mournful ring,
Receive the token, and 'Remember me.'"
On November 7, Sir Henry Halford, Dr. Reynolds and Dr. Baillie were called in, and, with the approval of the Queen, in spite of his Majesty's known wish, Dr. Willis was sent for. Prayers were publicly offered for his recovery, and though once or twice he was a little better, there was little or no hope of permanent improvement and on December 21 Perceval introduced a Regency Bill, which became law on February 4, 1811.
Hitherto all the attacks had been of short duration, none of them continuing much beyond six months, but when deprived of his reason in 1810, he was never again in a fit state to be entrusted with the cares of sovereignty. He had made his last appearance at a social function at Windsor on the anniversary of his accession in 1810, haggard, infirm, nearly blind and almost deaf, leaning on the arm of the Queen, and speaking in the hurried, almost unintelligible manner that was an invariable sign of a forthcoming illness. On May 20, 1811, he was seen for the last time by any one outside his immediate family and entourage. "On Sunday night, May 20, our town was in a fever of excitement at the authorized report that the next day the physicians would allow his Majesty to appear in public," an inhabitant of Windsor wrote. "On that Monday morning it was said that his saddle-horse was to be got ready. This truly was no wild rumour. We crowded to the park and the castle-yard. The favourite horse was there. The venerable man, blind but steady, was soon in the saddle, as I had often seen him, a hobby groom at his side with a leading rein. He rode through the Little Park to the Great Park. The bells rang. The troops fired a feu de joie. The King returned to the Castle within an hour. He was never again seen without those walls."[322]
It was thought that the King could not long survive. "The general opinion is that the King will die before the 22nd inst., (the date to which Parliament was prorogued),"[323] Creevey wrote on July 12; and a fortnight later Lord Grenville expressed the same opinion when writing to Lord Auckland: "It is, I believe, certainly true that the King has taken for the last three days scarcely any food at all, and that, unless a change takes place very shortly in that respect, he cannot survive many days."[324] Lord Buckinghamshire, however, was able to state on August 13, "The King, I should suppose, is not likely to die soon, but I fear his mental recovery is hardly to be expected."[325]
According to Mrs. Papendiek, who obtained her information from "private sources," the King's malady was caused more by a loss of mental power than an aberration of intellect, and it never assumed a condition of actual insanity.[326] There was some hope in February 1811 that the King would recover, and some members of the Council were actually of opinion that at this time he was in full possession of his faculties, so calmly and sensibly had he spoken on various topics, and they were prepared to pronounce him restored and able to resume his power, Lord Ellenborough using the words of Pilate, "I find no fault at all in that just person." To this opinion Sir Henry Halford could not subscribe, for, knowing the cunning of mad persons, he was aware that often only the greatest vigilance could detect the existence of the delusions from which the patient suffered.
"One day when the King fancied himself surrounded by servants only, and when a medical attendant was watching unseen, he took a glass of wine and water and drank it to the health conjugia meæ dilectissimæ Elizabethæ, meaning Lady Pembroke. Here was a delusion clearly established and noted down immediately: the use of Latin, which was not to be understood by those whom he supposed only to hear him, affording a singular proof of the old cunning of insanity. A few days later, Sir Henry was walking with him on the Terrace; he began talking of the Lutheran religion, of its superiority to that of the Church of England, and ended with growing so vehement that he really ranted forth its praises without mentioning that which Sir Henry believes to have been the real motive of this preference—the left-handed marriages allowed. He was very anxious to see whether traces of this delusion would appear again, and went to the Duke of York to ask for information as to the tenets, practices, etc., etc., of the Lutheran Church. The Duke said, "Watch him in Passion Week; if he fancies himself a Lutheran, you will see an extraordinary degree of mortification and mourning," etc., etc. When Sir Henry returned to the assembled physicians he wrote down the substance of this conversation, and without communicating it to anybody, requested those present to seal the paper and keep it in a chest where their notes and other papers of importance are kept, under locks of which each had a separate key. When the Monday in Passion Week arrived, and Sir Henry had nearly forgotten the conversation, he went into the King's dressing-room while he was at his toilet, and found the attendants in amazement at his having called for and put on black stockings, black waistcoat and breeches, and a grey coat with black buttons. It was curious to hear that his delusions assumed, like those of other madmen, the character of pride, and that a Sovereign ever fancied himself in a station more elevated than his own. He would sometimes fancy himself possessed of a supernatural power, and when angry with any of his keepers, stamp his foot and say he would send them down into hell."[327]
It was during the lucid interval to which reference has just been made that Sir Henry Halford was deputed to broach an awkward subject to the King. George had known of the death of Princess Amelia, and every day his attendants dreaded lest he should ask questions as to her property and her will. There had been a close intimacy between the Princess and General Fitzroy—there was the rumour of a secret marriage—and the trouble was that she had left everything to him. The Queen was afraid to mention this to the King, and Perceval and the Lord Chancellor successively undertook the disclosure and shrunk from it, imposing it upon Sir Henry. "Never," said the latter subsequently, "could I forget the feelings with which, having requested some private conversation with the King, after the other physicians were gone, I was called into a window with the light falling so full on my countenance that even the poor nearly blind King could see it. I asked whether it would be agreeable to him to hear now how Princess Amelia had disposed of her little property. "Certainly, certainly, I want to know," with great eagerness. I reminded him at the beginning of his illness he had appointed Fitzroy to ride with her at Weymouth; how it was natural and proper she should leave him some token for these services; that, excepting jewels, she had nothing to leave, and had bequeathed them all to him; that the Prince of Wales, thinking jewels a very inappropriate bequest for a man, had given Fitzroy a pecuniary compensation for them (his family, by the bye, always said it was very inadequate) and had distributed slight tokens to all the attendants and friends of the Princess, giving the bulk of the jewels to Princess Mary, her most constant and kindest of nurses. Upon this the poor King exclaimed, "Quite right, just like the Prince of Wales," and no more was said."[328]
It was in the summer of 1814 that the Queen entered the King's apartment during one of these lucid intervals, and found him singing a hymn and accompanying himself on the harpsichord. When he had concluded, he knelt down and prayed aloud for his consort, for his family, for the nation, and, lastly, for himself, that it might please God to avert his heavy calamity, or, if not, give him resignation under it. Then his emotions overpowered him, he burst into tears, and his reason fled. He was never again sane.[329]
"The public bulletins which have been issued for some months past, have all stated that his Majesty's disorder remains undiminished; and we understand that it is the opinion of the medical gentlemen attending him that nothing far short of a miracle can bring about a recovery from his afflicting malady, "so runs a contemporary account. "At times, we are happy to learn, he is tolerably composed. The number of persons specially appointed by the doctors is reduced from six to two, and his principal pages are admitted, and have been for some time, to attend upon him, as when he enjoyed good health. His Majesty dines at half past one o'clock, and, in general, orders his dinners: he invariably has roast beef upon the tables on Sundays. He dresses for dinner, wears his orders, etc.
"He occupies a suite of thirteen rooms (at least, he and his attendants) which are situated on the North side of Windsor Castle, under the State rooms. Five of the thirteen rooms are wholly devoted to the personal use of the King. Dr. John Willis sleeps in the sixth room, adjoining, to be in readiness to attend his Majesty. Dr. John attends the Queen every morning after breakfast, and about half-past ten o'clock, and reports to her the state of the afflicted monarch; the Doctor, afterwards, proceeds to the Princesses, and other branches of the Royal family, who may happen to be at Windsor, and makes a similar report to them. In general the Queen returns with Dr. Willis, through the state rooms, down a private staircase, leading into the King's suite of rooms, appropriated to this special purpose. Sometimes she converses with her Royal husband. The Queen is the only person who is admitted to this peculiar privilege, except the medical gentleman, and his Majesty's personal attendants. In the case of Dr. John Willis's absence, Dr. Robert Willis, his brother, takes his place. The other medical gentlemen take it in rotation to be in close attendance upon the King.
"The suite of rooms which his Majesty and his attendants occupy, have the advantage of very pure and excellent air, being on the North side of the terrace round the Castle; and he used to occasionally walk on the terrace; but, we understand, he now declines, owing to the bad state of his eyes, not being able to enjoy the view. The Lords and Grooms of the King's Bedchamber, his Equerries and other attendants are occasionally in attendance at Windsor Castle, the same as if the King enjoyed good health. Two King's Messengers go from the Secretary of State's offices daily to Windsor, and return to London, as they have been accustomed to do for a number of years past. The messenger who arrives at noon brings a daily account of the King's health to the Prince Regent, and the Members of the Queen's Council. His Majesty has never been left since his afflicting malady, without one of the Royal Family being in the Castle, and a member of the Queen's council, appointed under the Regency Act."[330]
During his last years George III was subject to harmless and not unpleasing delusions. "The good King's mania consists in pleasant errors of the mind,"[331] said Lady Jerningham; and this statement was confirmed by Princess Elizabeth: "If anything can make us more easy under the calamity which it has pleased God to inflict on us, it is the apparent happiness that my revered father seems to feel."[332] He found much comfort in religion, and on one occasion declared, "Although I am deprived of my sight, and am shut out from the society of my beloved family, yet I can approach my Blessed Lord," and thereupon administered to himself the Sacrament.[333] Indeed, he was unhappy only when he could not have his favourite dinner of cold mutton and salad, plover's eggs, stewed peas, and cherry tart; and fearful—he who in his senses had never known fear—only when it was proposed to shave his beard. "If it must be," he said, "I will have the battle axes called in."[334]
The King loved to wander through the corridors, a venerable figure with long silvery beard, attired in a silk morning gown and ermine night cap, holding imaginary conversations with ministers long since dead, "rationally as to the discourse, but the persons supposed present"; and so pleasantly did he while away the time that sometimes his dinner was ready before he expected it. "Can it be so late?" he would ask. "Quand on s'amuse le temps vole."[335] He was fully convinced that Princess Amelia—"my poor Am"—was alive and happy at Hanover, enjoying perennial youth and beauty; and believed that he was prosecuting an amorous intrigue with Lady Pembroke, whom he often believed to be his wife, and whose absence angered him. "Is it not a strange thing, Adolphus," he said to the Duke of Cambridge, "that they still refuse to let me go to Lady Pembroke, although every one knows I am married to her; but what is worse, that infamous scoundrel Halford was at the marriage, and has now the effrontery to deny it to my face."[336] He considers himself no longer an inhabitant of this world, and often, when he had played one of his favourite tunes, observes that he was very fond of it when he was in the world. He speaks of the Queen and all his family, and hopes they are doing well now, for he loved them very much when he was with them," Princess Elizabeth remarks, and the belief that he was dead was one of his regular delusions. "I must have a new suit of clothes, he said one day, "and I will have them black in memory of George the Third, for he was a good man."[337]
The King lived on, recognizing no one, and knowing nothing of contemporary events. Waterloo was fought and won, and Napoleon overthrown; Princess Charlotte of Wales married and died, his consort went down to her grave, and his sons and daughters contracted matrimonial alliances, yet he lived on. Indeed, his constitution was so sound that, in spite of all infirmities, his physical health continued good. "In 1818, however, he had ceased even to walk, being conveyed in his chair from his bed to another room, and placed near an old harpsichord of Queen Anne's, said not to have been tuned since her time. On this he would play for hours, in the belief that he was making music."[338]
Queen Charlotte had been ailing for a long time. "The severe affliction and constant anxiety she was in was probably the cause, and from this time (1789) her Majesty's health was less uniformly good," wrote Mrs. Papendiek. "The dropsy, which had been floating in her constitution since the birth of Prince Alfred, now made its deposit, and caused her at times much suffering." She had been much upset by the King's various outbreaks of violence in 1804, and was, indeed, so alarmed that thereafter she saw little of him. "The Queen lives upon ill terms with the King. They never sleep or dine together; she persists in living entirely separate," wrote Lord Colchester; and Lord Malmesbury recorded: "The Queen will never receive the King without one of the Princesses being present; never says in reply a word. Piques herself on this discreet silence, and when in London, locks the door of her white-room—her boudoir—against him." On April 23, 1817, she was seized with a severe spasmodic attack, but with indomitable endurance she continued to hold Drawing-rooms and was present at the royal weddings that took place during the year. She was anxious to be taken to Windsor, but the step was long delayed, and she never got further than Kew, where she died after a lingering and painful illness, on November 16, 1818.
In that year Byron wrote, "the poor good King may live to 200; he continues in good bodily health, and is perfectly happy, conversing with the dead, and sometimes relating pleasant things. They say it is a most charming illusion."[339]
Early in January, 1820, it became known that the old King was unwell, and though a reassuring bulletin was issued—"His Majesty's disorder has undergone no sensible alteration. His Majesty's bodily health has partaken some of the infirmities of age, but has been generally good during the last month"—it was still believed that he would not recover. He could not get warm, his food did not nourish him, and his frame grew more and more emaciated; but it was not until January 27, when for the first time he kept his bed, that the physicians pronounced his life in danger. Two days later death claimed him. "A few minutes before this venerable monarch expired, he extended his arms, and bade his attendants raise him up—the doctors signified to his attendants not to do so, in the supposition that the effort would extinguish life,—but upon his repeating the request, they obeyed, and he thanked them. His lips were parched, and occasionally wetted with a sponge. He, with perfect presence of mind, said: 'Do not wet my lips but when I open my mouth.' And when done he added, thank you, it does me good.'"[340]
So on January 29, 1820, died George III in the sixtieth year of his reign, and at the patriarchal age of eighty-one, unhonoured and unsung, the monarch of the greatest country that the world has yet seen, yet unenvied by the lowest of his subjects. "What preacher need moralize on this story; what words save the simplest are requisite to tell it? It is too terrible for tears." So runs Thackeray's exquisite passage on the downfall of George III, with which this work may fittingly conclude. "The thought of such misery smites me down in submission before the Ruler of kings and men, the Monarch supreme over empires and republics, the inscrutable Dispenser of Life, death, happiness, victory.... Low he lies, to whom the proudest used to kneel once, and who was cast lower than the poorest: dead, whom millions prayed for in vain. Driven off his throne, buffeted by rude hands; with his children in revolt; the darling of his old age killed before him untimely; our Lear hangs over her breathless lips and cries, 'Cordelia, Cordelia, stay a little!'
That would upon the rack of this tough world
Stretch him out longer!'
Hush! Strife and Quarrel, over the solemn grave! Sound, trumpets, a mournful march! Fall, dark curtain, upon his pageant, his pride, his grief, his awful tragedy!"
AUTHORITIES
Adolphus, John: History of England from the Accession to the Decease of King George the Third. 8 vols. 1840-1845.
Aikin, John: Annals of the Reign of George the Third. 2 vols. 1820.
Albemarle, George Thomas, Earl of: Memoirs of the Earl of Rockingham and his Contemporaries. 2 vols. 1852.
Almon, John: Anecdotes and Speeches of Chatham. Sixth Edition. 1797.
---- Anecdotes of Eminent Persons. 3 vols. 1797.
Andrews, John: History of the War with America. 4 vols. 1783.
Anonymous: Anecdotes of his late Majesty George the Third. 1822.
---- The Festival of Wit. 1783.
---- An Historical Fragment relating to her late Majesty Queen Caroline. 1824.
---- Important Facts relative to George III. 1783.
---- Memoirs of his late most excellent Majesty, King George III, chiefly illustrative of his private, domestic and Christian virtues. Second Edition. 1820.
---- The New Foundling Hospital for Wit. New Edition. 1784.
---- On the Death of his late Majesty, George the Third, with interesting Anecdotes and Reflections. 1820.
---- Some Particulars of the Royal Indisposition. 1804.
---- Vanelia, or, The Amours of the Great. 1732.
Auckland, William, Baron: Journals and Correspondence. 4 vols. 1861-2.
Baines, Edward (the Elder): History of the Reign of George III. 4 vols. 1793.
Bancroft, George:[Pg 294] History of the United States. 6 vols. 1885-6.
---- History of the American Revolution. 4 vols. 1861.
Bedford, John Russell, Fourth Duke of: Correspondence. Edited by Lord John Russell. 3 vols. 1846.
Belsham, William: Memoirs of the Reign of George III. 4 vols. 1793.
Berry, Mary: Journals and Correspondence. 1783-1852. Edited by Lady Theresa Lewis. 3 vols. 1865.
Bissett, Robert: History of the Reign of George III. 7 vols. 1820.
---- Memoirs of Sir Andrew Mitchell. 2 vols. 1850.
Boswell, James: Life of Samuel Johnson. 1867.
Bright, J. Franck: History of England. Constitutional Monarchy, 1689-1839.
Brodrick, Hon. G. C., and Fotheringham, J. K.: Political History of England. Vol. XI. 1801-1837. 1906.
Brougham, Henry, Lord: Historical Sketches of Statesmen who flourished in the Time of George III. 2 vols. 1839.
Buckingham and Chandos, Richard, Duke of: Memoirs of the Court and Cabinets of George the Third. From original family documents. 1853-5.
Burke, Edmund: Works and Correspondence. Edited by Lord John Russell. 3 vols. 1846.
Byron, George, Lord: Letters and Journals. 1832.
Campbell, John, Baron: Lives of the Lord Chancellors. 8 vols. 1848-1869.
Carlyle, Thomas: History of Frederick II of Prussia, called Frederick the Great. 10 vols. 1888.
Chatham, William Pitt, Earl of: Correspondence. 4 vols. 1840.
Chesterfield, Philip, Earl of: Letters. Edited, with Notes, by Lord Mahon. 5 vols. 1845.
Clarke, —— : The Georgian Era. Memoirs of Eminent Persons. 4 vols. 1832.
Cobbin, Ingram: Georgiana, or, Anecdotes of George the Third. 1820.
Coke, Lady Jane:[Pg 295] Letters to her Friend Mrs. Eyre, at Derby (1747-1758). Edited by Mrs. Ambrose Rathbone.
Colchester, Charles Abbot, Lord: Diary and Correspondence. 3 vols. 1861.
Cornwallis, Marquis: Correspondence. Edited by C. Ross. 3 vols. 1859.
Coxe, William: Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole. 1798.
Craik, G. L., and Macfarlane, C.: Pictorial History of the Reign of George III. 4 vols. 1842.
Creevey, Thomas: The Creevey Papers. A Selection from the Correspondence and Diaries of the late Thomas Creevey, M.P. Born 1766. Died 1838. Edited by Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bart. 2 vols. 1904.
D'Arblay, Frances: Diary and Letters. With Notes by W. C. Ward, and prefaced by Lord Macaulay's Essay. 3 vols. 1890-1.
Delany, Mrs.: Autobiography and Correspondence, with Interesting Reminiscences of King George the Third and Queen Charlotte. Edited by the Right Hon. Lady Llanover. 3 vols. 1861. Second Series. 3 vols. 1862.
Dodington, George Bubb; Baron Melcombe: Diary. Edited by Henry Penruddocke Wyndham. Fourth Edition. 1809.
Doran, John: Lives of the Queens of England of the House of Hanover. 2 vols. 1855.
Doyle, J. A.: The Colonies under the House of Hanover. 1907.
Fiske, John: The American Revolution. 2 vols. 1891.
Fitzgerald, Percy: The Good Queen Charlotte. 1899.
---- The Royal Dukes and Princes of the Family of George III. A View of Court Life and Manners for Seventy Years. 1760-1830. 2 vols. 1882.
---- John Wilkes. 2 vols.
Fitzmaurice, Lord E.: Life of the Earl of Shelburne. 3 vols. 1875-6.
Fox, Charles James:[Pg 296] Memorials and Correspondence. Edited by Lord John Russell. 1853.
Franklin, Benjamin: Works. 10 vols. 1887-8.
Galt, John: George the Third, his Court and Family. New Edition. 2 vols. 1824.
George II: Letters in the original, with translation, and Messages that passed between the King, Queen, Prince and Princess of Wales on the occasion of the birth of the young Princess. 1737.
George III: The Correspondence of King George the Third with Lord North from 1768 to 1783. Edited, with an Introduction and Notes by W. Bodham Donne. 2 vols. 1867.
---- Correspondence between his Majesty, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of York, and Mr. Addington, on the Offer of Military Service made by his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, 1803.
---- Letters of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales and the Right Hon. William Pitt, on the Proposed Regency, 1788-9, to which is added the Declaration and Protest of the Royal Dukes against the Regency now proposed. 1810.
---- History and Proceedings of the Lords and Commons with regard to the Regency, containing all the Speeches on the proposed Regency Bill, the three reports of the Physicians, etc.
Gibbon, Edward: Autobiography and Correspondence. 2 vols. 1869.
Gifford, William: The Baviad and The Mæviad. Sixth Edition. 1800.
Gordon, William: History of the Rise of the Independence of the United States. 4 vols. 1788.
Grafton, Augustus, Third Duke of: Autobiography and Political Correspondence. Edited by Sir William Anson. 1898.
Grahame, James: History of the United States. 4 vols. 1836.
Green, J. R.:[Pg 297] History of the English People. 4 vols. 1877-80.
Green, William: Annals of George the Third. 2 vols. 1808.
Grenville Papers: Correspondence and Diaries of Richard Grenville, of Earl Temple, and of the Right Hon. George Grenville, their Friends and Contemporaries. Edited by William James Smith. 4 vols. 1852-3.
Hamilton, Lady Anne: Secret History of the Court of England from the Accession of George the Third to the Death of George the Fourth. 1832.
Harris, George: Life of Lord Hardwicke. 3 vols. 1847.
Henderson, T. F.: Frederick, Prince of Wales (Dictionary of National Biography).
Hervey, Mary Lepel, Lady: Letters. With a Memoir and Illustrative Notes. 1821.
Hervey, John, Lord: Memoirs of the Reign of George the Second from his Accession to the Death of Queen Caroline. Edited by John Wilson Croker. 2 vols. 1848.
Hitchman, Francis: Eighteenth Century Studies. 1881.
Holland, Henry, Third Lord: Posthumous Memoirs of the Whig Party. 1852.
---- Further Memoirs of the Whig Party, 1807-21. With some Miscellaneous Reminiscences. Edited by Lord Stavordale. 1905.
Holt, E.: The Public and Domestic Life of George III. 1820.
Horner, Francis: Memoirs and Correspondence. Edited by his brother, Leonard Horner. 2 vols, 1843.
Huish, Robert: Historical Gallery, 1830.
---- The Public and Private Life of George the Third. 1821.
Hunt, Leigh: The Town. St. Paul's to St. James's. 1906.
Hunt, William: Political History of England, Vol. X, 1760-1801. 1905.
Jerningham: The Jerningham Letters (1780-1843). Being excerpts from the Correspondence and Diary of the Hon. Lady Jerningham and of her daughter, Lady Bedingfield. Edited by Egerton Castle. 1869.
Jesse, John Heneage:[Pg 298] George Selwyn and his Contemporaries. New Edition. 4 vols. 1882.
---- Memoirs of the Life and Reign of King George the Third. Second Edition. 3 vols. 1867.
"Junius": Letters. Edited by John Wade. 2 vols. 1890.
King, William: Political and Literary Anecdotes of his Own Times. 2nd Edition. 1819.
Knight, Charles: Passages from a Working Life.
Lecky, W. E. H.: A History of England in The Eighteenth Century. 8 vols. 1886-90.
Lennox, Lady Sarah: The Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox, 1745-1826. Edited by the Countess of Ilchester and Lord Stavordale. 2 vols. 1901.
Macaulay, Lord. Essays.
McCarthy, Justin and Justin Huntley: A History of the Four Georges and of William the Fourth. 2 vols. 1905.
Mahon, Lord: History of England, 1713-1783. 1839-54.
Malmesbury, James Harris, First Earl of: Diary and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury. Edited by his Grandson, the third Earl. 4 vols. 1844.
Massey, Right Hon. William: A History of England during the Reign of George the Third. Second Edition. 4 vols. 1865.
Minto, Lord: Life and Letters of Gilbert Elliot, First Lord Minto. Edited by the Countess of Minto. 3 vols. 1784.
Molloy, J. Fitzgerald: Court Life Below Stairs. 4 vols. 1882-3.
Nichols, John: Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century. 9 vols. 1812-5.
Nicholls, John: Recollections and Reflections, Personal and Political. 2nd Edition, 1822.
Papendiek, Mrs.: Court and Private Life in the time of Queen Charlotte; being the Journals of Mrs. Papendiek, Assistant-Keeper[Pg 299] of the Wardrobes and Reader to Her Majesty. Edited by her Granddaughter, Mrs. Vernon Delves Broughton. 2 vols. 1887.
Parkes, J.: Memoirs of Sir Philip Francis. 2 vols. 1867.
Paston, George: Little Memoirs of the Eighteenth Century. 1901.
---- Sidelights on the Georgian Period. 1902.
---- Social Caricature in the Eighteenth Century. 1905.
Phillimore, J. G.: History of England during the Reign of George III, vol. I. 1863.
Phillimore, Sir R. J.: Memoirs and Correspondence of George Lord Lyttelton. 2 vols. 1845.
Pickering, Anna Maria Wilhelmina: Memoirs. Edited by her son, Spencer Pickering. Together with Extracts from the Journals of his Father, John Spencer Stanhope. 1903.
Pierce, E.: A Concise Biographical Memoir of George III. 1820.
Rae, W. Fraser: Wilkes, Sheridan and Fox; the Opposition under George III. 1784.
---- Sheridan: A Biography. With an Introduction by Sheridan's Grandson, the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava. 2 vols. 1896.
Ray, Dr.: The Insanity of George III. ("American Journal of Insanity," 1855.)
Rose, George: Diary and Correspondence. Edited by L. V. Harcourt. 2 vols. 1860.
Rowley, William: Truth Vindicated ... with facts extracted from the Parliamentary reports, and reasons for declaring the case of a Great Personage to have been only a feverish or symptomatic delirium.
Ryves, L. J. H.: An Appeal for Royalty. 1858.
Selwyn, George: His Letters and his Life. Edited by E. S. Roscoe and Helen Clergue.
Seward, William: Anecdotes of some Distinguished Persons. 4 vols. Fourth Edition. 1798.
Sidmouth, Henry Addington, Viscount:[Pg 300] Life and Correspondence. Edited by the Hon. George Pellew. 3 vols. 1847.
Southy, Robert: Authentic Memoirs of George the Third. 1820.
Stanhope, Lord: Life of Pitt. 4 vols. 1861-2.
Stedman, C.: History of the American War. 2 vols. 1794.
Story, Joseph: The Constitution of the United States. 3 vols. 1833.
Taylor, Joseph: Relics of Royalty, or, Remarks, Anecdotes and Conversations of his late Majesty, George the Third. 1820.
Thackeray, Francis: History of the Earl of Chatham. 2 vols. 1827.
Thackeray, W. M.: The Four Georges. 1861.
Thoms, William J.: Hannah Lightfoot. Queen Charlotte and the Chevalier D'Eon. Dr. Wilmot's Polish Princess. Reprinted, with some additions, from Notes and Queries. 1867.
Tomline, G. P.: Memoir of William Pitt. 3 vols. 3rd Edition. 1821.
Trail, H. D. (edited by): Social England. Vol. 5. 1896.
Trevelyan, Sir G. O.: The Early History of Charles James Fox. 1880.
---- The American Revolution. 3 vols. 1905.
Twiss, Horace: The Public and Private Life of Lord Chancellor Eldon, with Selections from his Correspondence. 3 vols. 1844.
Tytler, Sarah: Six Royal Ladies of the House of Hanover. 1898.
Waldegrave, James, Earl: Memoirs from 1754 to 1758. 1821.
Walpole, Horace: Letters. 16 vols. Edited by Mrs. Toynbee. 1905.
---- Memoirs of the last Ten Years of the Reign of George II. Edited by Lord Holland. 2 vols. 1822.
Walpole, Horace:[Pg 301] Memoirs of the Reign of George III. Edited by Sir Denis le Marchant, and re-edited by G. F. Russell-Barker. 4 vols. 1894.
---- Journals of the Reign of George III from the year 1771 to 1783. Edited by Dr. Doran. 2 vols. 1859.
---- Walpoliana. With a Biographical Sketch of Horace Walpole. 2 vols. N.D.
Watkins, John: Memoirs of Sophia Charlotte, Queen of Great Britain. 2 vols. 1819.
Whibley, Charles: William Pitt. 1906.
Williams, Sir Charles Hanbury: Works. With Notes by Horace Walpole. 2 vols. 1822.
Willis, Francis: A Treatise on Mental Derangement. Second Edition. 2 vols. 1843.
Windham, William: The Diary of the Right Honourable William Windham, 1748-1810. Edited by Mrs. Baring. 1866.
Withers, Philip: History of the Royal Malady, with Variety of Entertaining Anecdotes, to which are added Strictures of the Declaration of Horne Tooke, Esq., respecting "Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales," commonly called Mrs. Fitzherbert. With Interesting Remarks on a Regency. By a Page of the Presence (Philip Withers, 1789).
Wolcot, John (i.e., "Peter Pindar"): Works. 5 vols. 1812.
Wraxall, Sir Nathaniel: The Historical and Posthumous Memoirs. Edited by H. B. Wheatley. 5 vols. 1884.
Wright, Thomas: Caricature History of the House of Hanover. London. 1867.
Wynn, F. W.: Diaries of a Lady of Quality. Edited by A. Hayward. 1864.
Yonge, C. D.: The Life and Administration of Robert Banks, Second Earl of Liverpool. 3 vols. 1868.
(Also numerous pamphlets, lampoons, etc.; the Dictionary of National Biography; Notes and Queries; The Annual Register; and reports of the Historical Manuscripts Commission, etc.)
INDEX
- Abercorn, James, Earl of, I, 130
- Adams, John, II, 13, 170-1
- Addington, Dr. Anthony, II, 59, 214
- —, Henry, I, 186;
- Adelaide, Queen, II, 244
- Adolphus, Prince (son of George III). See Cambridge, Duke of
- —, John, I, 164, 278 note, 289;
- II, 50 note
- Albemarle, Lord, II, 42
- Alfred, Prince (son of George III), II, 237
- Amelia, Princess (daughter of George III), II, 237 note, 241, 274, 277, 282-3, 287
- —, Princess (daughter of George II), I, 3, 4, 82, 144;
- II, 30-1
- American Colonies, II, 1-10;
- repeal of the Stamp Act, a great victory, II, 126;
- popular enthusiasm, ibid.;
- unpopularity of the Declaratory Act, 127;
- The Mutiny Act, 128;
- want of wisdom and tact of English ministers towards the Colonies, 128;
- Townshend brings forward fresh taxing measures, 129, 130, 131;
- seizure of the Liberty, 134;
- Appointment of Lord Hillsborough as Secretary of State for America, 135;
- arrival of troops in the Colonies, 136;
- Grafton suggests repeal of the import duties, 137;
- North proposes that duty on tea should be retained, 138;
- tea duty riot at Boston, 138;
- petition of the Colonies to the King, 139, 140;
- flinging of the tea into Boston harbour, 141;
- the Boston Port Bill, 141, 142;
- no anxiety in England, 143;
- the Colonies in open rebellion, 144;
- battle of Lexington, 145;
- Bunker's Hill, 147;
- capture of New York by Howe, 147;
- Burgoyne's success at Philadelphia 147;
- Battle of Saratoga, 148;
- mismanagement of the English troops, 152, 153;
- Lord North's plan of conciliation, 155;
- general feeling in England as to the impossibility to conquer America, 158;
- the Duke of Richmond moves the independence of America, 160;
- Chatham makes a dying speech in protest, 161;
- victory of Cornwallis, 165;
- surrender of York town, 165;
- negotiations of Rockingham and Shelburne with the States, 170;
- treaty signed, ibid.
- Amherst, Sir Jeffrey, II, 66
- Ancaster, Duchess of, I, 128, 207, 232
- —, Duke of, I, 291
- Andrews, Rev. —, I, 169
- Anne, Princess (daughter of George II), I, 4, 8, 9
- Anson, Lord, I, 154
- Anstey, Christopher, II, 13
- Argyll, Duke of, I, 21 note
- Astley, Sir Edward, II, 79
- Auckland, Earl of, II, 264, 279
- Augusta, Princess (sister of George III), afterwards Duchess of Brunswick, I, 14, 230;
- —, Princess (daughter of George III), I, 51, 56, 74;
- —, (wife of Frederick, Prince of Wales). See Wales, Princess Dowager of
- Augustus, Prince (son of George III). See Sussex, Duke of [Pg 304]
- Axford, Isaac, I, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100
- Aylesbury, Earl of, I, 21 note,
- Aylesford, Earl of, I, 21 note
- Ayrton, Dr., II, 209
- Ayscough, Dr. Francis, I, 35, 36
- Bach, Madame, I, 223
- Baillie, Dr. Matthew, II, 277
- Baker, Sir George, II, 205, 207, 208, 212, 219, 227, 233
- Baltimore, Lord, I, 12, 18, 33 note
- Bancroft, George, II, 135, 136
- Banks, Sir Joseph, I, 82, 191
- Barclay, Robert, I, 169
- Barré, Colonel Isaac, I, 277;
- Barrymore, Earl of, I, 21 note
- Bartlett, Miss, I, 92
- Bateman, Lord, I, 181
- Bathurst, Lord, I, 69
- Beattie, James, I, 192
- Beaufort, Duke of, I, 21 note;
- II, 70
- Beckford, William (Lord Mayor), I, 150, 152, 266-7, 272;
- —, William, junr., I, 187, 190
- Bedford, John, Duke of, I, 21 note, 148, 162, 276, 277, 282, 283, 285, 291;
- Bentinck, Lady Harriet, I, 134 note
- Bernard, Sir Francis, II, 16, 135, 136
- Bertie, Lord Robert, I, 37
- Bessborough, Earl of, II, 50 note
- Betterton, Mrs., I, 221
- Betts, Mr., I, 28
- Bladen, Colonel, II, 7 note
- Blake, William, I, 193
- Bolingbroke, Henry, Viscount, I, 21, 36, 207
- Bolton, Harry, Duke of, II, 95
- Boswell, James, I, 143, 160
- Bridgwater, Duke of, I, 21 note
- Bristol, Lord, II, 60
- Brougham, Henry, Baron, II, 30-1, 89
- Brown, Launcelot, I, 202 note
- Brudenel, Hon. James, I, 69
- Brunswick, Adolphus, Duke of, I, 127
- —, Augusta, Duchess of. See Augusta, Princess
- —, Charles, Duke of, II, 120-3
- Buckingham, Lady, I, 177
- Buckinghamshire, Lord, II, 279
- Buggins, Lady Cecilia. see Underwood
- Bunbury, Lady Sarah, See Lennox
- —, Sir Thomas Charles, I, 117
- Buononcini, I, 9
- Burgoyne, General John, II, 83, 147
- Burke, Edmund, I, 8, 285, 286;
- Burney, Dr. Charles, I, 213
- —, Frances, I, 209, 210, 211-16, 222, 223, 227, 230-1, 233;
- Burns, Robert, I, 55-6
- Bute, Lord, I, 43;
- first meeting with Frederick Prince of Wales, 44;
- his ascendency 45;
- much detested, 46, 47;
- character according to Walpole, 48;
- alleged intimacy with the Princess Dowager, 47, 48, 49;
- his absolutist theories, 49, 50;
- appointed groom of the stole, 68;
- prepares the King's first speech, 137-138;
- introduces a bill to secure the judges in their office for life, 141;
- advises King to cede prize money, 143;
- his ascendency, 144;
- made ranger of Richmond park, 144;
- suspicion of the City of London, 144, 145;
- scheme to place at head of affairs, 146;
- unpopularity of, 150;
- his henchmen attack Pitt, 150;
- violently attacked in the city, 152;
- becomes first Lord of the Treasury, 154;
- great feeling against him, 156, 157;
- his inordinate craving for power, 158;
- his patronage of literature, 159;
- his employment of bribery, 160;
- introduces a cyder tax, 163;[Pg 305]
- resigns, ibid.;
- his character and failings, 164, 165;
- founds the "Auditor" and the "Briton," 235;
- negotiations with the king over a coalition government, 273, 276;
- great unpopularity with the Whigs, 289;
- II, 27, 28, 29
- Byron, George, Lord, I, xiii, 172, 268;
- Calcraft, John, I, 277
- Calderwood, Mrs., I, 104
- Cambridge, Adolphus, Duke of, II, 237 note, 243, 287
- Camden, Charles, Earl of, I, 85, 239, 252, 287;
- Campbell, Lady Archibald, I, 12, 14
- —, Colonel, I, 183
- —, Lord Frederick, I, 291
- Cantalupe, Lord, I, 207 note
- Cantilo, Miss, I, 223
- Carhampton, Earl of, II, 109
- Carlisle, Henry, Earl of, I, 21 note
- —, Frederick, Earl of, I, 196, 226;
- Carlyle, Thomas, I, 2-3
- Carnarvon, Marquis of, I, 21 note, 35 note, 181
- Caroline, Queen (Consort of George II), I, 5, 9, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 30
- — Matilda, Princess (sister of George III), Queen of Denmark, II, 99, 112, 123-5
- Carpenter, Lady Almeria, II, 100 note, 118
- Carteret, John, I, 21
- Catherine II, Empress of Russia, I, 195
- Cave, Edward, I, 22
- Cavendish, Lord George, I, 273
- —, Lord John, II, 190
- Chambers, Sir William, I, 75, 204, 205
- Charles Edward (Young Pretender), I, 31, 140, 141, 141 note
- Charlotte, Queen (Consort of George III), letter to King of Prussia, I, 121, 122;
- extreme simplicity of her training, 126, 127;
- formal betrothal, 127;
- leaves Strelitz, 128;
- arrives at Harwich, 129;
- progress to London, 130;
- arrives at the Palace, 131;
- description of personal appearance, 132, 133, 134;
- her Puritanism, 198;
- in her early married life little better than a prisoner, 206;
- which causes a certain bitterness in her character, 208;
- influence of Mdlle. Schwellenberg, 209;
- dislike of Fanny Burney, 211-213;
- the Queen takes English lessons, 220, 221;
- fond of the theatre, 222, 223;
- her anxiety for her children, 226, 227;
- interests herself in trinkets, 227;
- not popular with her subjects, 227, 228;
- her domineering spirit, 229, 230;
- no endearing qualities, 231;
- a hard woman, 232;
- becomes patroness of the Magdalen Hospital, ibid.;
- concern at the King's illness, II, 209, 211, 212;
- opposition to the Prince of Wales, 247;
- amusing encounter with Colonel Landmann, 255-257;
- illness and death, 289, 290
- Charlotte, Princess (daughter of George III). See Wurtemberg, Queen of
- — of Brunswick, Princess (afterwards Queen Charlotte, Consort of George IV), II, 123, 264, 268
- — of Wales, Princess, II, 81 note, 241, 288
- Chatham, William, Earl of. See Pitt
- —, John, Earl of, II, 145
- Chesterfield, Philip, Fourth Earl of, I, 9, 21, 48, 85, 158, 199, 225-6, 228;
- II, 39
- —, Philip, Fifth Earl of, I, 168;
- II, 254
- Churchill, Charles, I, 235, 238, 241-3, 244 note, 247-8, 248-9
- Christian VII, King of Denmark, II, 123-5
- Christina of Brunswick, Princess, I, 127 note
- Chudleigh, Elizabeth, I, 90, 91, 157, 157 note [Pg 306]
- Clarence, Adelaide, Duchess of. See Adelaide, Queen
- —, William, Duke of. See William IV
- Clarke, Mary Anne, II, 249, 276
- Clements, Mrs., II, 104
- Cobham, Richard, Viscount, I, 21
- Coke, Lady Mary, II, 100-1
- Colchester, Lord, II, 289
- Colville, Admiral Lord, II, 16
- Conway, Henry Seymour, II, 4, 14, 24, 24 note, 33, 37, 48, 79, 169
- Cooke, George, I, 255
- Coote, Sir Eyre, II, 174
- Cornwallis, Charles, Marquis of, II, 165, 184
- —, Frederick (Archbishop of Canterbury), I, 171-2
- Costard, George, I, 28
- Courtoun, Lady, II, 254
- —, Lord, II, 254
-
Coventry, Earl of, I, 21 note;
- II, 70
- Creevey, Thomas, II, 270, 279
- Cresset, Mr., I, 38, 39
- Crosdill, John, I, 223
- Cumberland, Anne, Duchess of, II, 109-11, 113, 117, 243
- —, Ernest, Duke of, I, 77;
- —, Henry, Duke of, I, 22 note, 102 note, 103;
- —, William, Duke of, I, 58-61, 82, 282, 284, 288, 290, 292, 293, 294;
- Dalkeith, Lady, I, 228 note
- Dance (painter), I, 195-6
- Darnley, Earl of, I, 21 note
- Dartmouth, Earl of, II, 139, 145
- Dashwood, Catherine, I, 206, 206 note
- —, Sir Francis. See Le Despencer, Lord
- De Bouille, Marquis, II, 174
- De Chatelet, M., II, 136
- De Choiseul, Duc, II, 133, 136
- De Dieden, M., II, 124
- De Grabow, Mme., I, 126
- De Herzfeldt, Madame, II, 123
- De Kalb, II, 133, 134
- De Villars, Duc, II, 101
-
Delany, Mrs., I, 201, 213, 234, 259;
- II, 203 note
- Dempster, Dr., I, 156
-
Denbigh, Basil, Earl of, I, 21 note, 164;
- II, 38
- Derby, Earl of, I, 21 note;
- II, 186
- Desbrowe, Colonel, I, 133
- Desnoyers, I, 27
- Devonshire, William, Duke of, I, 273
- —, Fifth Duke of, I, 291
- Dickinson, II, 128
- Digby, Lord, I, 69
- Dodington, George Bubb, I, 7, 41, 71, 72, 74, 145
- Doran, John, I, 60, 100
- Dorset, Duke of, II, 173
- Dowdeswell, William, II, 78
- Downe, Lord, I, 37
- Dubourgay, I, 4
- Duncan, Sir William, I, 277
- Dundas, Sir Lawrence, II, 37
- —, Henry, I, 263
- Dunning, John, II, 70
- Dyson, Jeremiah, II, 39, 54, 55
- Eden, William, II, 155
- Edgcombe, Lord, II, 50
- Edward, Prince (brother of George III). See York, Duke of
- —, Prince (son of George III). See Kent, Duke of
- Edwin, Lady Charlotte, I, 33 note
- Effingham, Countess of, I, 207;
- II, 207
- —, Earl of, II, 145
- Eglington, Alexander, Earl of, II, 54
- Egremont, Countess of, I, 207
- —, Earl of, I, 153, 154, 238, 239, 240, 258
- Eldon, John, Earl of, II, 260
- Elizabeth, Princess (daughter of George III). See Hesse-Homburg, Landgravine of
- Ellenborough, Lord, II, 280
- Elliott, Sir Gilbert, II, 83, 207-8
- Ellis, Welbore, II, 179
- Elliston, Robert, I, 223
- Ernest, Prince (son of George III). See Cumberland, Duke of [Pg 307]
- Erskine, Sir Harry, I, 272
- Essex, Charlotte, Countess of, II, 99
- —, William, Earl of, I, 15
- Euston, Lord, I, 69
- Evans, Mr., I, 28
- Fauconberg, Earl of, II, 207
- Fitzherbert, Mrs., I, 98, 100, 103;
- II, 115 note
- Fitzroy, General, II, 241, 274, 283
- Fitzwilliam, Lord, II, 193
- Fox, Charles James, I, xiii, 81, 107, 115;
- —, Henry. See Holland, Baron
- —, Lady Caroline, I, 106
- Franklin, Benjamin, II, 11, 23, 132, 133, 146
- Frederick, Prince of Wales, born at Hanover, I, 1;
- unpopular with his parents, 2;
- early project to marry him to Wilhelmina of Prussia, I, 2-4;
- arrival in England, 5;
- quarrels with his parents, ibid.;
- fault not entirely his, 6;
- his debts, 6, 7;
- throws his lot in with the opposition, 8;
- his jealousy of the Princess Royal, 9;
- marriage, 10;
- intrigue with Anne Vane, 11, 12;
- with Lady Archibald Hamilton, 11, 12;
- with Lady Middlesex, 12;
- his debts, 13;
- birth of the Princess Augusta, 14;
- subsequent quarrel at Prince's behaviour thereover, 14-20;
- banished from Court, 20;
- his attempts to gain popularity, 21;
- a patron of manufactures and arts, I, 21, 22;
- popular with the mob, 23, 24;
- Walpole's attempt to bring about a reconciliation, 24;
- whose offer is refused, 25;
- reconciliation with George II, 26;
- his death, 27;
- contemporary opinion of him, 28;
- posthumous opinion, 30-32.
- Frederick I, King of Sweden, I, 33 note
- —the Great, II, 121-3, 149
- —, Prince (brother of George III), I, 22 note;
- II, 98
- —, Prince (son of George III). See York, Duke of
- Freeman, Dr., I, 22
- Gage, General, II, 142, 145, 158
- Galt, John, I, 23, 34, 73, 75, 80, 131, 136, 182;
- Garrick, David, I, 179-80
- Garth, Colonel, II, 249, 254
- —, General, II, 260
- Gates, General, II, 165
- George I. I, 1, 139, 140, 257
- George II. I, 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16-18, 19, 20, 24, 39, 40, 55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 74, 105, 106, 139, 140, 257
- George III. Character, I, ix-xv,
- Birth, I, 33, 34;
- education begins when scarcely six years old, 35;
- placed under Dr. Ayscough, who was the wrong man for the place, 35, 36;
- George Scott appointed, 36;
- Lord North becomes governor, 36, 37;
- household of the young prince, 37;
- dissension in the tutor's camp, 38-40;
- Dr. Thomas appointed preceptor, 42;
- Lord Waldegrave appointed governor, ibid.;
- influence of Lord Bute, 49, 50, 53;
- close vigilance of his mother, I, 51;
- her strictness, 52;
- titles bestowed on the death of his father, 55;
- George II takes some interest in the heir-apparent, 56;
- question of appointing a regent, 58;
- Duke of Cumberland proposed and unpopularity thereof, 59;
- alarm of George II at the tameness of his disposition, 62;
- marriage proposal, 62, 63;
- indignation of the Princess Dowager, 63;
- machinations to prevent marriage, 63, 64;
- fury of George II, ibid.;
- attempt of ministers to withdraw Prince from maternal influence, 68;
- royal[Pg 308] grant given of £40,000, but Prince refuses to leave his mother, 66;
- ministers nonplussed, 66, 67;
- desires Lord Bute to be made groom of the stole, 67;
- dismissal of Lord Waldegrave, 68;
- reorganisation of the Prince's establishment, 69;
- succeeds to the throne, 71;
- poor equipment and education for the high office, and his homely tastes, 71-80;
- early love for agriculture, 75;
- very untravelled, 76;
- ill effects of the isolation of his youth, 77, 78;
- his good qualities, 80;
- strong prejudices, 81;
- astonishing aptitude for King-craft, ibid.;
- popular at his accession, 82, 83;
- alleged connection with Hannah Lightfoot, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 96;
- alleged marriage with her, 97, 98, 99, 100;
- "Appeal for Royalty" documents a forgery, 101, 102;
- examination of the Lightfoot claim, 103, 104;
- infatuation for Lady Sarah Lennox, 105, 106;
- alarm of the Princess Dowager, 107;
- connivance of Fox, to whose interest the marriage would be, 108, 109;
- the King takes Lady Susan Fox Strangways into his confidence, 110;
- rumour of a Brunswick marriage, 102;
- alleged proposal at a dance to Lady Sarah Lennox, 112;
- announcement of marriage to Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 113;
- discussion as to reason for rejecting Lady Sarah, 114, 115;
- after marriage the King still has an attachment for Lady Sarah, 117, 118;
- the royal marriage, selection of Princess Charlotte, I, 121;
- notifies his intention of marriage to the Privy Council, 124;
- sends Lord Harcourt to demand formally the hand of Princess Charlotte, 126, 127;
- treaty of marriage signed, 128;
- arrival of Princess Charlotte at Harwich, 129;
- the King disappointed at her appearance, 131;
- speech to the nation, 136, 137, 138;
- favourable reception of same, 138;
- popular because English, 129;
- on Bute's advice cedes prize money and accepts a settled income, 143;
- ascendency of Lord Bute, 144, 146;
- dismissal of Pitt, 148;
- lampoons on the fall of the Great Commoner, 150;
- the King and Queen in the city, 151;
- indifferent reception, 152;
- resignation of the Duke of Newcastle, 154;
- appointment of Lord Bute as First Lord of the Treasury, ibid.;
- his unpopularity at its zenith, 157, 158;
- Bute, desirous of peace, compelled to make war, 161;
- the cyder tax, 163;
- resignation of Lord Bute, ibid.;
- deeply religious, 167, 168, 169;
- visits Robert Barclay, the Quaker, 169;
- friendly to Nonconformists but hates Roman Catholics, 170;
- a high ideal for those in clerical orders, 171;
- proclamation for the encouragement of piety and virtue, 173, 174, 175;
- strict observance of the Sabbath, 175;
- dullness of the Court, 176, 177;
- not possessed of popular qualities, 178, 179;
- very affable in the country, 179;
- meets David Garrick, 180;
- his tactless remarks, 180;
- his vein of humour, 181, 182, 183;
- a great sense of regal dignity, 185;
- takes himself with great seriousness, 186;
- a stickler for etiquette, 186, 187, 188;
- reputation for stupidity, 189, 190;
- the dispute over the lightning conductor, 191;
- some liking for art, 191, 192;
- a patron of literature, 193;
- founds a library, 193, 194;
- his patronage, 194, 195;
- not generous, 196;
- unpopularity of the Court due to parsimony, 198, 199, 200;
- seeks a more secluded residence, 202;
- purchases Buckingham House, 203;
- elaborate preparations, 204;
- known[Pg 309] henceforth as the Queen's House, ibid.;
- his residence at Richmond Lodge and improvements, 204, 205;
- prison-like seclusion of the Queen, 206, 207;
- Mdlle. Swellenberg 208-210;
- Frances Burney, 212, 213;
- private life of the King and Queen very dull, 216, 222, 223;
- takes an active interest in the domestic economy of the palaces, 218;
- abuse of tipping, 219;
- quaintness of the internal management of the palace, 219, 220;
- his daily life, 224, 225;
- stricter rearing of the royal children, 226-227;
- publications of "The North Briton," No. xlv, 236;
- violent attack on the ministers, 237;
- anger of the King, ibid.;
- issues a warrant, and printer and publisher are arrested, 238;
- arrest of Wilkes, ibid.;
- set at liberty, 239;
- but is dismissed from the Buckinghamshire militia, 240;
- meeting of Parliament in 1763 and the "Essay on Woman," 248;
- the House orders No. xlv to be burnt by the common hangman, 249;
- duel between Wilkes and Martin, 249;
- Parliament outlaws Wilkes for contumacy, 251;
- popularity of Wilkes, 252, 253;
- elected for Middlesex, 255;
- expelled from Parliament and re-elected, 256;
- deeply incensed at Wilkes's popularity, 257;
- his courage in politics, 257;
- attack on his life by Margaret Nicholson, 258;
- his bravery, 259;
- second attempt on his life, 259, 260;
- third attempt, 263, 264, 265;
- reconciliation with Wilkes, 268;
- places Grenville at the Treasury, 269;
- his regard for him, 270;
- discovers too late that Grenville is a hard task-master, 270, 271;
- makes strenuous efforts to free himself, 272;
- suggests a coalition to Lord Bute, 272;
- his antipathy to the Whigs, 273;
- sends for Pitt, 274;
- forced to ask Grenville to remain in office, 275;
- endeavours to sow dissension among the Whigs, 276;
- offends the Duke of Bedford, 277;
- taken ill, 277;
- first indications of mental derangement, 278, 279, 280;
- recovery, 281;
- Regency Bill, 281, 282;
- intrigue to omit the name of Princess Dowager from the Regency Council, 283, 284;
- indignation thereover with Lord Halifax and Lord Sandwich, 284;
- negotiates through the Duke of Cumberland, for the return of the Whigs, 284, 285;
- Pitt only man able to form a strong administration, 286;
- Grenville offers resignation, 287;
- Pitt approached, 287;
- failure of negotiations 288;
- recall of Grenville, 288;
- the King furious at the minister's terms, 289, 290;
- fresh overtures to Pitt, 293, 294;
- as a last resource Lord Rockingham offered office, 295;
- desires to tax the American colonies, II, 1-4;
- the Stamp Act, 3-4, 11;
- mismanagement of American colonies, 4-9;
- outcry in the colonies at the passing of the Stamp Act, 13;
- mob destroy the Stamp office, 15;
- the day the Stamp Act comes into force kept as a day of mourning, 16;
- the King seriously alarmed at the trouble in America, 18;
- Pitt attacks Stamp Act, 19-23;
- repeal of the Stamp Act, 25;
- Whigs mistrust Bute, 26, 27, 29-32;
- surprise of the nation at the appointment of Rockingham, 32;
- a weak administration, 32, 33;
- his difficulties, 35, 36;
- intrigues against the ministry, 37, 38;
- defeat of the government in the House of Lords, 39;
- Rockingham remonstrates against Court intrigue, 40, 41, 42;
- Rockingham ministry falls, 44;
- the King sends for Pitt, II, 46;
- forms ministry, 47, 48; [Pg 310]
- enthusiasm of the people for Pitt, 49;
- Pitt accepts earldom, 50;
- unpopularity of the step, ibid.;
- his desire to rule, 51;
- the King's "Friends," 52;
- the health of Chatham, 56-58;
- during Chatham's illness leadership devolved on Grafton, 61;
- character of Grafton, 61;
- attempt to alienate him from Chatham, 62-64;
- Grafton becomes Prime Minister, 65;
- anger of Chatham, 66;
- the city remonstrance, 67;
- chancellorship and death of Charles Yorke, 71;
- resignation of Grafton, 72;
- North takes office, II, 73, 74;
- refuses to dissolve Parliament, 76;
- undertakes management of the House of Commons, 77;
- reduces bribery to a fine art, 77, 78;
- regards himself as above criticism, 79;
- his debts, 79, 80;
- rebuke of Parliament, 80;
- North's scandalous loan, 81;
- no scruples for kingly dignity, 82, 83;
- his vindictiveness, 84, 85;
- tenacious of his promises, 86;
- in his kingly office the slave of deep rooted selfishness, 88;
- his inability to act wisely, 89, 90;
- North frequently tenders resignation, 91, 92;
- the King ever against liberty, 92-93;
- persecution of Admiral Keppel, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97;
- family worries, 98-126;
- his brothers' love of pleasure, 100-103;
- secret marriage of William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, II, 106, 115;
- dissipation and debts of Henry, Duke of Cumberland, II, 107-109;
- secret marriage of the Duke, 111;
- Royal Marriage Act, 111-113;
- scandal concerning Caroline of Denmark, 112, 123;
- Dukes' wives not received, 116, 117;
- reconciliation with Duke of Cumberland, II, 119;
- marriage of Princess Augusta, 122, 133;
- endeavours to reassert his dignity in the American colonies, 129;
- Townshend's Act, 131;
- petitions from the colonies, 134, 139;
- in spite of lessons he redoubles his anti-colonial policy, 139;
- sanctions the Boston Port Bill, 141, 142;
- open rebellion of the colonies, 145;
- purchase of Hessian troops, 149;
- Chatham the hope of the nation, 152;
- North's plan of conciliation, 155, 156;
- failure of the Commission, 156;
- negotiations with Chatham, 156;
- death of Chatham and his ungenerous conduct, 161;
- still determined to pursue the war, 163, 164;
- North makes another effort to retire, 164;
- increase of his influence in Parliament, 165;
- surrender of Yorktown, 161;
- Fox proposes a committee to consider peace, 169;
- treaty with United States signed, 170;
- reception of John Adams, 170, 171, 172;
- resignation of North, 175;
- unwilling to place himself in the hands of the opposition, 175-178;
- arranges an administration with Shelburne, 178;
- rise of Fox, 180, 181;
- his undying enmity for him, 182, 183;
- who regards Fox's speech as a declaration of war against himself, 184;
- attempts to sow the seed of discord in the cabinet, 186, 187;
- ill-feeling between Shelburne and Fox, 188;
- death of Lord Rockingham, 189;
- resignation of Fox, Burke, Portland, and Lord John Cavendish, 190;
- first speech of William Pitt, 190, 191;
- opens Parliament, 192;
- the Coalition, 194;
- invites Pitt to form a ministry, who refuses, 195;
- Fox's India Bill, 197, 198;
- ministry dismissed, 199, 200;
- sends for Pitt, 200;
- prorogation of Parliament, election, and overwhelming majority of Pitt, 201;
- his fear of becoming corpulent, 202;
- his temperance, 203-205;
- breakdown of his health, 205, 206; [Pg 311]
- goes to Cheltenham, 207;
- disorder increases, 207;
- sudden illness, 208, 209;
- account of Philip Withers, 209, 210, 211;
- complete madness, 213;
- removal to Kew, 215, 216;
- placed under the care of Dr. Willis, 216, 219;
- his treatment, 220;
- examination as to the state of his health before the Privy Council, 223;
- debate on the Regency Bill, 224, 225;
- improvement of his condition, 227, 228;
- infatuation for Lady Pembroke, 229;
- continued improvement of his health, 230;
- the last bulletin, 233;
- joy of London at his recovery, 234-236;
- trouble with his children, 237-250;
- Princess Royal, 238, 239;
- Princesses Augusta and Sophia, 241;
- Princess Elizabeth marries the Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, 241-242;
- all his sons wild, 243;
- Duke of Sussex and Duke of Cambridge give least cause for anxiety, 243;
- Dukes of Clarence and Kent, II, 244;
- not on friendly terms with his sons, 244;
- conduct of the Prince of Wales, 245, 246;
- dissipations of the Duke of York, 248, 249;
- scandalous life of the Duke of Cumberland, 249, 250;
- his popularity after his illness, 251, 252, 253, 255;
- visits to Weymouth, 254, 255, 256;
- Colonel Landmann and the Queen, 256, 257;
- ascendency of Pitt, 258;
- dismissal of Thurlow, 259;
- Catholic Emancipation, 260, 261;
- resignation of Pitt, 261;
- death of Pitt, 261;
- return of Fox to power, 261-262;
- health again an anxiety, 263, 264, 265;
- Dr. Willis called in, 265;
- troubled about the Princess of Wales, 268;
- illness ages him, ibid.;
- at Windsor, 269, 270;
- recovers 270;
- increasing deafness and defective sight, 272;
- daily life at Windsor, 273, 274;
- sight gives way, 275;
- the Walcheren expedition, 276;
- "Duke and Darling" scandal, 276;
- death of Princess Amelia, 277;
- again insane, 278-282;
- will of Princess Amelia, 282;
- arrangements for comfort, 284, 285;
- his delusions, 286, 287;
- illness of Queen Charlotte, 289;
- her death, 290; his death, 290-292
- George IV, I, x, 98, 100, 103, 104;
- Germaine, Lord George. See Sackville, George
- Gibbon, Edward, I, 194;
- Gillray, James, II, 251
- Gisborne, Dr., II, 219, 224, 268
- Gloucester, Maria, Duchess of, I, 103;
- — , Mary, Duchess of, II, 116 note, 237 note, 283
- — , William Frederick, Duke of, II, 116 note, 241
- — , William Henry, Duke of, I, 22 note;
- Glover, Richard, I, 31
- Goupy, M., I, 196
- Gower, Lord, II, 55, 167, 177, 194
- Graeme, Colonel, I, 120-21;
- II, 37
- Grafton, Augustus, Duke of, I, 68, 116, 165, 273;
- Graham, Lord, II, 198 note
- — , Mr. Baron, I, 181-2
- Granby, Marquis of, I, 290;
- Grantham, Lord, I, 18;
- II, 190
- Granville, Miss, I, 12
- Grenville, George, I, xi, 65, 65 note, 148, 154, 236, 269, 277, 279, 283, 285, 286-7, 288, 288 note, 289-294;
- Grenville, George (first Marquis of Buckingham), II, 151 [Pg 312]
- — , Hester, I, 65 note
- — , James, I, 65, 65 note, 148;
- — , Mrs., I, 228 note
- — , William, Baron, II, 220-221, 258, 261
- Greville, Lady Louisa, I, 134 note
- Gronard, Earl of, I, 21 note
- Grosvenor, Henrietta, Lady, II, 107, 109
- — , Lord, II, 107
- Gwyn, Colonel, II, 254, 255
- Haggersdorn, Mrs., I, 208
- Halford, Sir Henry, II, 277, 280, 281, 282, 287
- Halifax, George, Earl of, I, 155, 165, 237, 238, 239, 240, 282, 283, 292
- Hamilton, Lady Anne, I, 131-2, 134 note
- — , Lady Archibald, I, 11, 13
- — , Duchess of, I, 128, 131, 207
- Hancock, John, II, 134
- Handel, George Friedrich, I, 9;
- II, 276
- Hanway, Jonas, I, 218
- Harcourt, Colonel, II, 254, 270
- — , Lady Elizabeth, I, 134 note
- — , Simon, Earl of, I, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 125, 127, 219
- Hardinge, George, II, 251
- Hardwicke, Philip, Earl of, I, 66, 138, 146, 147, 148, 269, 272, 280;
- Hartington, Lord, I, 11, 37
- Harvey, Mary, Lady, I, 83
- Hastings, Warren, II, 197, 258
- Hatfield, James, I, 265
- Hayter, Dr. Thomas, Bishop of Norwich, II, 37, 38, 39, 40, 40 note, 41
- Heberden, Dr., II, 206
- Henley, Lady, II, 272
- — , Lord, II, 272
- Henry, Prince (brother of George III). See Cumberland, Duke of
- — , Patrick, II, 13, 14
- Hervey, John, Lord, I, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19, 29
- Hertford, Francis, Marquis of, I, 123
- Hesse-Cassel, Wilhelmina, Princess of, II, 243
- Hesse-Homberg, Elizabeth, Landgravine of, I, 51, 117;
- — , Landgrave of, II, 241-2
- Hillsborough, Earl of, II, 139
- Hinchinbrook, Lord, II, 173
- Hogarth, William, I, 241-3;
- II, 241
- Holdernesse, Lord, I, 145, 146, 147
- Holland, Henry, Baron, I, 106-7, 108, 111-12, 111 note, 113, 115, 148, 163, 165, 177, 280, 289, 290 293;
- Home, John, I, 160, 192 note
- Hotham, Sir Charles, I, 4
- Horton, Lady Anne. See Cumberland, Duchess of
- Howard, Mrs., I, 12
- Howe, General, II, 145, 147
- Huish, Robert, I, 47, 56, 65, 78, 88-9, 121, 144, 159, 205, 218;
- II, 190
- Hume, David, II, 68-9
- Hunt, Leigh, I, 30, 229
- Huntingdon, Lord, I, 69
- — , Selina, Countess of, I, 171
- Huske, General, II, 8
- Hutchinson, Thomas, II, 15, 142
- Hyder Ali, II, 167, 174
- Inchiquin, Earl of, I, 55
- Inclagreen, Earl of, I, 21 note
- Inverness, Cecilia, Duchess of, See Underwood
- Jenkinson, Charles, I, 47;
- II, 72 note
- Jerningham, Lady, I, 262-3, 264;
- Jersey, Lady, I, 198, 198 note
- Jesse, J. H., I, ix. note, 104, 216;
- Johnson, Dr. James, Bishop of Gloucester, I, 42
- — , Dr. Samuel, I, 84, 142-3, 160,
160 note, 187-8;
- II, 22 note
- Johnstone, George, II, 155
- "Junius," I, 53, 77, 108, 162, 243 note; [Pg 313]
- Jordan, Dora, II, 244
- Kearsley, I, 252
- Keats, John, I, xiii
- Keith, Rev. Alexander, I, 96, 97
- Kent, Edward, Duke of, II, 109, 237 note, 244
- Kenyon, Lord, I, 182
- Keppel, Admiral, I, xii;
- —, General, I, 291
- —, Lady Elizabeth, I, 134 note
- Kerr, Lady Elizabeth, I, 134 note
- Kidgell, John, I, 245
- Kildare, Lady, I, 106
- —, Duchess of, II, 244
- Kingsale, Lord, I, 185
- Knight, Charles, I, 172 note
- Kuffe, Mr., II, 204
- Landmann, Colonel, I, 183-4;
- Launay, Colonel, I, 4
- Lawrence, Thomas, I, 195
- Le Despencer, Francis, Baron, I, 154,
154 note, 163, 165, 244,
244 note, 248;
- II, 54
- Lecky, W. E. H., I, 255, 270, 276;
- Leiningen, Princess of. See Kent, Duchess of
- Lennox, Lady Sarah, I, 105-119, 134 note, 221, 292;
- Lightfoot, Hannah, I, 86-104
- Litchfield, Earl of, I, 21 note
- Loughborough, Alexander, Baron, I, 160 note;
- Louis Philippe, II, 240
- — XV, King of France, II, 102
- Louisa Anne, Princess (sister of George III), I, 22 note;
- II, 98
- Lowther, Sir James, I, 129
- Luttrell, Lady Anne. See Cumberland, Duchess of
- —, Colonel, II, 256
- Lyttelton, George, Baron, I, 35, 36, 288,
288 note;
- II, 33
- Macaulay, Lord, I, 212, 213;
- Macclesfield, Earl of, I, 21 note
- Macdonald, Chief Baron, I, 181-2
- —, Flora, I, 31
- Mackenzie, Stuart, I, 284 note, 289, 289 note, 290-1, 292
- Macpherson, James, I, 160
- Mahon, Lord, II, 150, 160
- Majendie, Dr., I, 220
- Mallet, David, I, 160
- Malmesbury, James, Earl of, II, 269, 289
- Manchester, Duke of, I, 207;
- II, 70
- Manners, Col., I, 181, 216;
- II, 274
- Mansfield, William, Earl of, I, 39, 255;
- Mara, Madame, I, 120
- March William, Earl of. See Queensberry, Duke of
- Marie Amélie, Princess, of Naples, II, 241
- Marlborough, Sarah, Duchess of, I, 13
- Martin, Samuel, I, 249, 250
- Mary, Princess (daughter of George III). See Gloucester, Duchess of
- Masham, Hon. S., I, 69
- Massey, W. N., I, 230
- Mayhew, Rev. —, II, 15
- McCarthy, Justin, I, 23, 28, 104
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Duke of, I, 199 note
- —, Prince Charles of, I, 199 note
- —, Prince George of, I, 119
- Meredith, Sir William, II, 50 note
- Middlesex, Lady, I, 12
- Monaco, Prince of, II, 101-2
- Monson, Lord, II, 50 note
- Montagu, Mary Wortley, I, 43
- Montague Lady Caroline, I, 134 note
- Montrose, Duke of, II, 198 note
- Mountstuart, Lord, II, 29-30, 39
- Munro, Dr., II, 206
- Murphy, Arthur, I, 160
- Murray, Lady Augusta, II, 243
- —, Charles, I, 222
- —, William. See Mansfield, Earl of
- Napier, Henry, I, 113 [Pg 314]
- — Lady Sarah. See Lennox
- —, Hon. George, I, 117
- —, William, I, 117
- —, Sir Charles, I, 117, 117 note
- Napoleon, II, 252, 288
- Nelson, Horatio, Lord, I, xiii
- Nepian, Sir Evan, II, 199-200
- Newbattle, John, Lord, I, 111
- Newcastle, Thomas, Duke of, I, xi, 58, 66, 136, 146, 147, 153, 272, 273;
- Nicholls, John, I, 50, 83, 141-2, 147, 269, 279;
- Nicholson, Margaret, I, 258
- Norfolk, Duke of, I, 20
- North, Frederick, Lord, I, 104, 257;
- —, Francis, Baron, I, 36, 37
- —, Colonel, II, 200
- Northumberland, Lady. I, 207, 220
- —, Lord, II, 27 note
- Nugent Lord, II, 190, 191
- Nuthall, Thomas, II, 19, 33
- Octavius, Prince (son of George III), I, 191;
- II, 237 note
- Offley, John, II, 41
- Oliver, Andrew, II, 15
- Ongley, Mr., I, 263
- Onslow, George, II, 25
- —, Lord, I, 259, 260
- Orange, Prince of, I, 8
- Otis, James, II, 8, 13, 134-5
- Owen, Robert, II, 109 note
- Oxford, Earl of, I, 21
- Paine, Thomas, I, 172 note
- Palliser, Sir Hugh, II, 94
- Papendiek, Mrs., I, 132-3, 195;
- Parsons, Nancy, II, 62, 63, 64
- Paton, Richard, I, 194
- Pembroke, Elizabeth, Lady, II, 280
- —, Lord, I, 69
- Pepys, Sir Lucas, II, 213, 214, 219, 233, 234
- Perceval, Spencer, II, 278, 282
- Perryn, Mrs., I, 90, 91
- "Pindar, Peter," I, 81, 82, 187, 189-90, 191, 192, 194-5, 196, 198, 200-1,
210 note;
- II, 251
- Pitt, Thomas, I, 110
- Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, I, 147;
- Dismissal of, 148;
- Lampoons on his fall, 150;
- popularity, 151, 152;
- goes to the Commons to protest against the treaty, 161;
- the King sends for him, 274;
- again approached, 285, 287, 294;
- opposed to Rockingham, II, 34, 35;
- forms "mosaic ministry," 47, 50;
- accepts Earldom of Chatham, 50;
- ill-health, 56;
- retires to Bath, ibid.;
- returns to London, 57;
- tarries at Marlborough, 58;
- complete collapse, ibid.;
- willingness to resign, 59;
- tenders his resignation, 60;
- war to the knife with Grafton, 66, 69;
- the hope of the nation on the outbreak of the American war, 151, 156;
- his opposition to it, 159;
- dies denouncing it, 160
- —, William, the Younger, I, xiii;
- Pollock, Mr., II, 200
- Pomfret, Lord, I, 164
- Pope, Alexander, I, 22, 245
- —, Mrs. (actress), I, 117, 222
- Portland, Duke of, I, 255;
- Potter, Thomas, I, 244-255
- Pownall, Thomas, II, 137, 138
- Pratt, Sir Charles. See Camden
- Pringle, Sir John, I, 191
- Proctor, Sir William, I, 255
- Prussia, Frederick, Princess of. See York, Duchess of
- Pulteney, Sir William, I, 21
- Queensberry, Duchess of, I, 228 note [Pg 315]
- — , William, Duke of, I, 185;
- Quick, John, I, 223
- Quin, James, I, 73, 223
- Ray, Dr., II, 218, 219
- Rex, George, I, 95 note
- — , John, I, 95 note
- Reynolds, Dr., II, 277
- — , Sir Joshua, I, 191, 193;
- II, 118
- Richmond, Charles, Duke of, I, 283;
- — , Duchess of, II, 100
- Rigby, Richard, I, 165, 274,
274 note;
- II, 138
- Robertson, William, I, 159
- Robinson, Mrs. Mary Ann, I, 104
- Rockingham, Charles, Marquis of, I, xi, xii, 146, 273, 295;
- Rose, George, I, 69
- Roxburgh, Duke of, I, 21 note, 127 note
- Russell, Lady Caroline, I, 111 note, 134
- Ryves, Mrs., I, 102,
102 note;
- II, 109 note
- Sackville, George, I, 145;
- Sanderson, Robert, I, 169
- Sandwich, Lord, I, 21 note, 244, 246, 248, 276, 282, 284, 291, 293;
- II, 138-9
- Saunders, Sir Charles, II, 48, 50 note
- Saville, Sir George, II, 153
- Saxe-Gotha, Duke of, I, 30 note, 80
- Saxe-Meiningen, Adelaide Princess of. See Adelaide, Queen
- Scarborough, Earl of, I, 21 note;
- II, 30 note
- Schwellenberg Mddle., I, 208-12, 224
- Scott, George, I, 36, 37, 38, 42, 69, 80, 104
- Secker, Thomas (Archbishop of Canterbury), I, 25, 25 note
- Sellis, II, 249
- Selwyn, George, I, 182;
- — , Col. John, I, 37
- Serres, Mrs. Olivia, I, 102,
102 note;
- II,109 note
- Shakespeare, William, I, 193
- Sheffield, Sir John, I, 203
- Shelburne, William, Lord, I, 276;
- Shelley, Sir John, II, 50 note
- — , P. B., II, 243
- Sheridan, R. B., I, 81, 265;
- Sherlock, Thomas, I, 169
- Siddons, Mrs., I, 187, 201, 223
- Smelt, Mr., I, 212
- Smollett, Tobias, I, 160, 235, 278 note
- Sophia, Princess (daughter of George III), II, 237 note, 241, 274
- — , Princess of Brunswick, I, 62, 62 note, 63, 64, 88
- — , Dorothea of Prussia, I, 2-4
- Southy, Robert, I, 27-8, 172;
- II, 205 note
- Spencer, Lady Diana, I, 7
- Stanhope, Earl, I, 31
- — , Lady, II, 100
- Stanley, John, I, 223
- Stillingfleet, James, I, 28
- St. Lourent, Mme., II, 244
- Storer, Anthony, I, 182, 224 note;
- Stone, Andrew, I, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 69, 207
- Stowe, Mr., II, 27 note
- Strange, Lord, II, 27, 39, 41-3
- Strangways, Lady Susan Fox, I, 107, 109-10, 113, 134 note
- Struensee, Count, II, 125
- Stuart, James Archibald. See Mackenzie
- — , Lady Mary, I, 129
- Sunderland, Lord, I, 31
- Sussex, Augustus, Duke of, I, 192;
- Swinton, Mr., I, 28
- Symonds, Dr., II, 271
- Talbot, Miss, II, 123-4 [Pg 316]
- — , William, Baron, I, 177, 178, 199;
- II, 38
- Taylor, Colonel, II, 275
- Temple, Lady II, 100
- — , Lord, I, 65, 65 note, 148, 151, 152, 236, 240, 251, 255, 274, 284, 287, 288 note, 294, 295;
- Thackeray, W. M., I, xiv-xv, 37, 79-80, 125-6, 193, 225;
- Thanet, Earl of, I, 21 note
- Thomas, Dr. John (Bishop of Winchester), II, 42
- Thompson, James, I, 22
- Thoms, W. J., I, 87
- Thurlow, Lord, II, 82, 175, 176, 186, 194, 195, 198, 231, 259
- Tooke, Horne, I, 255
- Townshend, Charles, I, 85, 275, 288, 291;
- — , Lady, I, 220, 232
- — , Sir William, I, 21
- Trench Mrs., II, 241-2
- Trevelyan, Sir George, II, 37 note, 52, 71, 90, 92, 103, 112, 138-9
- Tyrconnel, Earl of, II, 100 note
- — , Countess of, II, 100
- Underwood, Lady Cecilia, II, 243
- Uxbridge, Lady, II, 270
- Vane, Ann, I, 11, 12
- — , Mr., I, 26
- Vertue, George, I, 22
- Von Bülow, Ida, I, 126
- Waldegrave, James, Earl of, I, 42, 43, 50, 66, 67, 68, 81, 291;
- II, 85
- — , Maria, Lady. See Gloucester, Duchess of
- Waldo, Sir Timothy, I, 217
- Wales, Princess Dowager of, I, x, 10-11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 35, 36, 40, 42, 45, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 57 note, 62, 63, 70, 74, 85, 107-8, 157, 269, 282, 283;
- Walpole, Sir Edward, II, 105
- — , Horace, I, 10, 11, 31, 39, 41, 42, 45, 46, 48, 53-4, 57, 59, 82, 86, 107, 108, 125, 129, 131, 133, 135, 139, 145, 149, 153 note, 156, 162, 167 note, 177, 203-4, 206, 222, 228 note, 246, 254 note, 266-7, 280-1, 283, 287, 288 note, 289;
- — , Sir Robert, I, 5, 7, 24, 25, 26, 29-30, 139, 160;
- II, 1-2
- Warburton, Bishop, I, 245, 248-9
- Warkworth, Lord, II, 27 note
- Warren, Dr., II, 212, 214, 219, 223, 227, 230, 233, 247
- Watkins, John, I, 209-210
- Wedderburn, Alexander. See Loughborough, Baron.
- Wellington, Arthur, Duke of, I, xiii
- West, Benjamin, I, 191-2
- Westmoreland, Earl of, I, 21 note, 116, 259
- Weymouth, Lady, I, 207
- — , Lord, I, 291;
- II, 124
- Whitehead, William, I, 10, 34-5, 83-4, 221
- Wilkes, John, I, viii, 178, 235-57, 266-68;
- William IV, I, 1;
- William Henry, Prince (brother of George III). See Gloucester, Duke of
- Williams, George James ("Gilly"), II, 56
- — , Sir Watkin, II, 83
- Willis, Dr. Francis, II, 215, 216-21, 224, 227, 228, 230, 233, 265, 267, 277
- — , Dr. John, II, 219, 265, 284, 285
- — , Dr. Robert, II, 267, 268, 285
- Wilmot, Sir Eardley, II, 70
- — , Olive. See Serres, Mrs.
- — , Sir Robert, II, 50
- Wilson, Dr. Thomas, I, 170-171 [Pg 317]
- Winchelsea, Earl of, I, 21 note;
- Withers, Philip, II, 209-211
- Wolcot, John. See "Pindar, Peter"
- Wood, Robert, I, 240
- Wordsworth, William, I, xiii
- Wraxall, Nathaniel, I, 79, 114, 168, 188, 264-5, 279;
- Wriothesley, Miss, II, 62
- Würtemberg, Charlotte, Queen of, II, 237 note, 238-40, 254
- — , Crown Prince of, II, 239
- — , Prince Ferdinand of, II, 240
- Wyatt (architect), II, 274
- York, Duchess of, II, 248
- — , Edward, Duke of, I, 22 note, 41, 51, 54, 74, 80, 99;
- — , Frederick, Duke of, I, 98;
- Yorke, Charles, II, 70-2
- Young, Sir W., II, 226 note