Farthest North, Vol. II / Being the Record of a Voyage of Exploration of the Ship 'Fram' 1893-1896

A

Accounts, statements, I, 56, 57.

Address before Christiania Geographical Society, I, 15.

Address to crew of the Fram, explaining objects of sledge expedition, II, 8.

Adelaide’s Island, II, 344.

Adverse opinions on proposed expedition, I, 40.

Aker’s Mechanical Factory, engine of the Fram built at, I, 68.

Alcyonaria, I, 298.

Alden, the Fram passes, I, 95.

Alexander’s Island, II, 378 (Note).

Alexandra Land, II, 510 (Note).

Algæ—
Ice-water containing, I, 290, 503, 508, 513, 515; II, 356.
Snow colored by, II, 356 (Note).

Almquist’s Islands—
Fram passes, I, 209.
Position on Nordenskjöld’s Map, I, 189.

American expeditions, sledges used on, I, 8.

Ammonites, II, 553 (Note).

Amphipoda, I, 254, 274, 399; II, 685.

Amundsen, Anton, Chief Engineer of the Fram, I, 78.
Devotion to engine, I, 238.
Indifference to cold, II, 74.

Andrée, visited on Danes Island by crew of Fram, II, 701.

Archer, Colin, builder of the Fram, I, 57.
Article in Norsk Tidsskrift for Sövæsen, I, 59.
Farewell salute to, I, 83.
Nansen’s thoughts of, on second birthday of the Fram, I, 570.

Arctic Rose Gull. (See Ross’s Gull.)

Arctic thirst, immunity from, on sledge journey, II, 150.

Argillaceous schist, Helland’s Foreland, II, 371.

Armitage, member of Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, II, 534.

Asplenium (Petruschinense), II, 563.

Astronomical instruments, I, 73, 74; II, 124.

Astronomical observations—
Hansen in charge of, I, 243.
Method of conducting, I, 363.

Astrup, immunity from scurvy, I, 586.

Auks, II, 255, 282, 305, 356, 358, 372, 409, 465, 466, 471, 475, 501, 503, 517, 525, 564, 688.

Aurora Borealis, I, 253, 298, 299, 309, 312, 314, 315, 320, 416, 419, 550, 561, 567, 568, 575; II, 44.
Inclination of magnetic needle probably connected with, II, 19.
Streamers influenced by direction of wind, Nansen’s theory, I, 306.

Austria Sound—
Payer’s expedition through, Nansen reading, II, 75.
Sledge expedition passing through, possibility of, I, 584.

Austro-Hungarian expedition (1872–74), I, 12.

Awning over deck of the Fram, I, 549, 550.

B

Bacteria found in ice-water, I, 514, 515.

Baden-Powell, Sir George, meets Nansen at Hammerfest and places his yacht at his disposal, II, 586.

Balæna, II, 558.

Bandaging lessons, in preparation for sledge expedition, II, 70.

Barometers taken on sledge expedition, II, 124.

Basalt rocks, II, 353 (Note), 358, 372, 378, 379, 493, 501, 503, 553, 559.
Cape Flora, formation contrasted with that of Spitzbergen and Northeast Land, II, 553.

Bathing alongside Fram, I, 441.

Baths—
Fram, I, 405.
Vadsö, I, 102.

Bears, I, 171, 203, 265, 283, 285, 286, 338, 341, 435, 437, 496, 514, 522, 572; II, 20, 218, 233, 253, 310, 335, 345, 355, 370, 371, 383, 389, 392, 402, 413, 421, 424, 433, 466, 472, 476, 478, 490, 541, 638, 675, 688, 690, 691.
Hansen, Blessing, and Johansen attacked by, I, 260.
Johansen’s narrow escape from, II, 329.

Bear’s-flesh—
Daily meal during winter in hut, II, 428.
Excellence of, II, 314.

Bearskin bed, II, 309.

Bear-trap, I, 337, 338.

Beian, Sverdrup and Professor Brögger join the Fram at, I, 98.

Bek, Andreas, stories of, I, 378, 379.

Belemnites, II, 553.

Bentzen, Bernt, member of expedition, I, 80, 101.

Bering Strait—
Current (see that title).
Expedition taking route, I, 12, 13.
Future expedition through, probable value of, II, 712.
Ice-drift, north of, II, 708.

Bielkoff Island, I, 227.

Bieloi-Ostrov, I, 153.

Bird-life, I, 468; II, 229, 282, 305, 313, 465, 617, 666 (see also names of different species).

Björnsen, B., greeting on launching of the Fram, II, 25.

Black-backed gulls, II, 356.

Black guillemot, I, 468; II, 232, 617, 634, 688, 692.

Blanket-trousers, II, 479.

Blessing, Henrik Greve, doctor and botanist to expedition, I, 78.
Bandaging lessons to Dr. Nansen and Johansen previous to start on sledge journey, II, 70.
Bear encounter, I, 260.
Birthday celebrations, I, 255.
Editor of the Framsjaa, I, 317.
Kayak-building, II, 12.
Photographs copied by, II, 82.
Scientific observations undertaken by, I, 245.
Specimen-collecting, I, 502.

Blomqvist, member of Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, II, 534.
Sails on the Windward, II, 576.

Blubber, excellent substitute for butter, II, 295.

Blue-bells, tundra-plains of Asia, I, 122, 123.

Blue gull, I, 468.

Boats—
Carried by the Fram, I, 72.
Long-boat, ready for emergencies, II, 624.

Boats and sledges combined, first use for Arctic expedition, I, 9.

Books—
Fram’s library, I, 73.
Longing for, during life in hut, II, 457.

Boots, “komager,” used on sledge journey, II, 117, 229, 484.

Botolfsen, Captain of the Söstrene, II, 701.

Brandy, injurious in northern regions: Dr. Nansen’s opinion, I, 143.

Braun Island, conjecture as to position, II, 548.

Bread used on sledge journey, II, 126, 207, 248.

Brögger, Professor, joins the Fram at Beian, I, 98.

Brown, Captain of the Windward, II, 573, 578.

Bruce, Dr., member of Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, II, 573.

Bruce Island, II, 510 (Note).

Brünnich’s guillemot, II, 281.

Bruun, Apothecary, medicine supply contributed by, I, 98.

Bugs on board the Fram, I, 233, 266.

Burgess, Mr., member of Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, II, 534.
Sails on the Windward, II, 576.

Burgomasters, II, 379, 386, 475.

Butter used on sledge journey, II, 126, 246.

C

Cable, converted into sounding-line, I, 464, 465.

Cape Barents, II, 511.

Cape Buda-Pesth, II, 549.

Cape Butterless, I, 202.

Cape Chelyuskin, I, 212, 215.

Cape Clements Markham, basalt rock, II, 555.

Cape Fisher, II, 501 (Note).

Cape Fligely—
Distance from proposed starting-point of sledge journey, I, 580.
Speculations as to position with regard to, II, 256, 268, 272.

Cape Flora, geological investigations, II, 550.

Cape Flora, geological investigations—Nathorst, Professor, report on, II, 560.

Cape Lapteff, I, 191 (Note).

Cape Lofley, speculations as to position with regard to, II, 391, 458, 489, 490.

Cape M’Clintock, basalt rocks, II, 493, 554.

Cape Richthofen, II, 504 (Note).
Reached by Jackson, II, 534 (Note).

Card-playing on board the Fram, I, 364, 365, 517.

Carex œsicaria, boots lined with, on sledge journey, II, 117.

“Castle” Rock, II, 493.

Cephalotaxus Fortunei, II, 561.

Chart-room, used as kitchen in summer, I, 527 (Note).

Chatanga River—Fram passes north of, I, 225.
Land lying between the Chatanga and the Anabara, I, 225, 226.

Child, Mr., member of Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, II, 534.
Sails on the Windward, II, 576.

Christiania Fjord, the Fram enters, on return from expedition, II, 595.

Christiania Geographical Society, Nansen’s address before, idea of expedition first propounded in, I, 14, 15.

Christmas festivities, I, 343, 344 ; II, 31, 33, 34, 448.

Christofersen, secretary to Nansen, I, 104.
Leaves the Fram at Khabarova, I, 132, 133, 144.
Meets Nansen at Hammerfest on return of expedition, II, 588.

Cladophlebis, II, 562.

Clay sandstone, Cape Flora, II, 553.

Clements Markham’s Foreland, II, 363 (Note).

Cleve, Professor, diatoms found in ice-floes off Greenland Coast, examined by, I, 39.

Clio Borealis, II, 283.

Clothing, I, 392, 393, 413, 415.
Deplorable condition during life in hut, II, 434.
Drying clothes on sledge journey, II, 145.
Equipment for sledge journey, II, 14, 114, 115.
Equipment for southward journey, II, 474, 484.

Cloudberry flower, tundra-plains of Asia, I, 123.

Cloudberry, “Polar champagne 83d degree,” II, 33.

Coal found in clay, Cape Flora, II, 553.

Coal-oil apparatus for range-heating, I, 526, 547.

Coal supply for the Fram, I, 76, 77, 548; II, 650.

Cod, Polar, II, 258.

Cold in Arctic regions, reports exaggerated, I, 392, 393.

Committee of expedition. I, 56.

Compasses taken on sledge expedition, II, 124.

Cooking arrangements—
Fram, I, 526, 527, 547.
Hut, II, 428.
Sledge journey, II, 15, 120.
Southward journey after winter in the hut, II, 483.

Cook’s expedition (1776) through Bering Strait, I, 12.

Coral insects, I, 298.

Crew of the Fram, I, 77.
Courage and cheerfulness, I, 361, 365, 450, 545, 546.
Faith in their leader, I, 535.
Health of, I, 244, 245, 354, 355, 356, 362, 390, 407; II, 627.
Meeting with Nansen and Johansen on return of expedition, II, 706.
Nansen’s address to, explaining objects of sledge journey northward, II, 8.
News of safe arrival of Nansen and Johansen, II, 704, 705.
Occupations during winter, I, 238, 427.
Return to Norway—meeting with Nansen at Tromsö, II, 593.

Crown-Prince Rudolf’s Land—
Discovery by Payer, I, 12.
Sighted by Nansen, II, 321, 357.
Speculations as to position with regard to, II, 349, 459.

Crustaceæ, I, 298, 399; II, 283.

Current from Bering Sea to Atlantic Ocean, Nansen’s theory as to, I, 16, 368, 443.

Current, Nansen’s theory, existence of slow current established, II, 711.

Currents, Hydrographic observation, results, II, 711.

Czekanowskia, II, 562.

D

Daily life in hut, II, 435, 456, 457.

Daily life on Fram during drift, I, 246.

Danes Island, Andrée expedition stationed on, visited by the Fram, II, 701.

Danish expedition (Hovgaard’s), I, 12.

De Long, Letter to Gordon Bennett, I, 13.

Denmark Strait, drift-ice of Siberian origin, I, 23.

Depot of reserve food during life in hut, II, 429, 482.

Depots on ice near the Fram, II, 602, 606, 623, 624, 667.
Things taken on board, II, 641, 678, 681.

Depots on New Siberian Islands established by Baron Von Toll, I, 75, 76.

Diatoms—
Ice-water, containing, I, 290, 503, 508, 509, 513, 514, 515.
Identical species found in ice-floes off the east coast of Greenland and off Bering Strait, I, 38, 39.

Dick, A., contributions to expedition, I, 55, 56, 57.

Dickson, Baron Oscar, electric installation for expedition, provided by, I, 55.

Dickson’s Island, intention to deposit letters on, abandoned, I, 157.

Dogs—
Arrangements for sledge expedition, I, 446, 581, 585; II, 109.
Close confinement on the Fram, I, 254. 255.
Drives with, I, 126, 287, 288, 391, 392, 395, 543; II, 82, 110, 151.
Food, I, 101, 581, 582; II, 105, 106, 109, 325.
Harness, I, 128; II, 16, 102.
Kennels, I, 537; II, 657, 658.
Killed by bears, I, 327, 328.
Killed by their fellows, I, 271, 301, 310.
Killed on sledge journey, II, 143, 162, 175, 180, 190, 191, 192, 197, 201, 207, 210, 227, 234, 241, 244, 259, 271, 274, 275, 306, 336.
List of dogs taken on sledge journey, II, 131.
Number insufficient, II, 163, 167.
Number left on the Fram when Nansen started on sledge expedition, II, 656.
Paralysis in legs, II, 313.
Pemmican-bags attacked by, II, 195.
Puppies, I, 332, 333, 406, 483, 537; II, 656, 657, 682.
Accidents to, I, 564, 574; II, 6.
Convulsive attacks, I, 420, 421, 422, 475, 476; II, 556.
Paralysis, I, 479.
Run on ice, I, 475.
Training, I, 545.
Removal to safe quarters on occasion of great ice-pressure, II, 48, 57.
Return of missing dog, I, 334, 335.

Dogs—
Scent, keenness of, I, 417.
Sufferings on sledge journey, II, 148, 192.
Summer quarters, I, 479, 480.
Temper of dogs brought to ship and of dogs born on board, difference between, II, 661.
Trontheim—
Account of journey with dogs, I, 133, 134.
Delivers dogs to Dr. Nansen, I, 114, 117.
Use of dogs on previous expeditions, I, 7, 8.
Von Toll, Baron, provides dogs for expedition, I, 75.

Dolgoi, unknown islands descried near, I, 111.

Dove Glacier, conjecture as to position of, II, 548.

Drift of the Fram—
Chart made by Hansen, I, 539.
Conclusions arrived at from scientific observations, II, 708.
Latitude and longitude, statements indicating general course of drift, I, 445; II, 644, 663.
Measuring, II, 614.
Northward drift, I, 292, 305, 308, 311, 312, 320, 369, 370, 386, 387, 393, 402, 403, 414, 420, 440, 442, 444, 445, 446, 523, 557, 564; II, 24, 31, 33, 61, 64, 101, 613, 614, 662, 663.
Open water, the Fram emerges into, II, 700.
Second year’s drift (northward) nearly south of that of first, II, 663.
Southward drift, I, 269, 291, 302, 309, 366, 387, 402, 404, 406, 407, 413, 422, 424, 445, 513, 531, 537; II, 21, 76, 82.
Sverdrup’s account of drift after Nansen’s departure, II, 601.
Temperature for every month during, II, 714.
Thickness of ice under the Fram during drift, I, 459.
Winds, strength influencing, II, 711.

Drift of Jeannette, I, 13, 17, 540.

Drift-ice, continuous motion of, II, 708.
Denmark Strait, Siberian origin, I, 23.
Greenland, Siberian origin, I, 38, 39.

Drift, sledge journey (Nansen and Johansen), II, 268, 272.

Drift-wood, II, 666, 708.
Nansen’s current theory supported by, I, 20, 21.

Drowning, Nansen’s narrow escape from, in recovering kayak, II, 513.

Drying clothes on sledge journey, II, 116, 145.

Dust collected on ice-surface, microscopic examination of, I, 503, 504.

Dutch Cape, II, 702.

Dutch, early Arctic explorers, I, 6.

E

Easter-day festivities, II, 175.

Echinus, Torup’s Island, II, 355.

Eclipse of the sun, I, 431, 432.

Egeberg, Consul Westye, contributions to expedition, I, 55.

Egg-hunting, II, 565.

Eider ducks, I, 227; II, 503.

Eightieth degree, festivities on passing, I, 387, 388.

Eighty-second degree, festivities. I, 565.

Eighty-three degrees thirty-four minutes, festivities, II, 60.

Eighty-six degrees ten minutes, festivities, II, 170.

Ekersund, the Fram puts in at, I, 88.

Electric light installation, I, 71.
Packed away, II, 651.
Setting up for winter, I, 241.
Successful working, I, 293.

Elida precedes the Fram up fjord on return to Christiania, II, 596.

Engine of the Fram, I, 68, 69.
Amundsen’s devotion to, I, 238.
Preparing for work after drift, II, 684.
Repaired at Khabarova, I, 121.
Trial, as compound engine, II, 693.
Water, accumulation in engine-room, II, 627, 664.

English, early Arctic explorers, I, 6.

English North Pole Expedition, scurvy attack, 1, 585, 586.

Equipment—
Fram, I, 57.
Sledge expedition (Nansen and Johansen), II, 112, 285, 314, 317, 481.

Eva’s Island, II, 344 (Note).

F

Farewell to home, I, 81.

Farewell to Norway, I, 104.

Farewell to the Fram on starting on sledge expedition, II, 132.

Farsund, I, 88.

Fearnley, Thomas, member of committee of expedition, I, 55, 56.
Contribution to expedition, I, 55.

Feildenia, II, 561.

Ferns, fossil, Cape Flora, II, 562.

Fire—
Petroleum launch on fire, I, 147.
Precautions against, I, 535, 536.
Tent on fire, II, 296.

Finn shoes worn on sledge journey, II, 116.
“Komager” boots substituted for, II, 229.
Mending, II, 195.

Finsko, sennegraes in, II, 117.

Fish-flour, Våge’s, used on sledge journey, II, 125.

Fisher, H., member of Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition, II, 534, 576.
Returns on Windward, II, 577.

Fisher-folks’ interest in expedition, I, 96, 97.

Fishing between ice-cracks, I, 274.

“Fiskegratin” suppers on sledge journey, II, 145.

Flagellata, I, 515.

Flora—
Franz Josef Land, II, 558.
Greenland flora, Siberian vegetable forms contained in, I, 23.
Tundra-plains of Asia, I, 122.

Flour, steamed, used on sledge journey, II, 126.

Food—
Depots on New Siberian Islands, established by Baron von Toll, I, 75, 76.
Fram equipment, I, 72, 73, 246, 367.
Menus (see that title).
Sledge journey, I, 581,582; II, 124, 145, 147, 149.
Daily meals during life in hut, II, 428, 429.
Depot of reserve food near hut, II, 429, 482.
Drying food, II, 302.
Meat and fat diet, no injurious effects felt from, II, 314.
Monotony of diet during life in hut, II, 461.
Rations, II, 157, 243, 246, 248, 282, 283.
Southward journey after winter in hut, food for, II, 482, 509.

Foot-gear, sledge expedition, II, 116.

Forge, II, 605, 665.

Forget-me-nots, tundra-plains of Asia, I, 122.

Forum, Greely’s article on proposed expedition, I, 48.

Fossils, Cape Flora, II, 550, 555, 558.
Nathorst, Professor, report on, II, 560.

Foxes, I, 197, 297, 335; II, 189, 190, 192, 429, 442, 475.

Fram—
Awning stretched over, for second winter, I, 549.
Birthday celebrations, I, 294, 569.
Change of quarters after Nansen’s departure, II, 606.
Construction and equipment, I, 29, 30, 61.
Cost of, I, 55.
Crew (see that title).
Drift (see that title).
Frozen into the ice (September 23d), I, 233.
Ice-pressure, excellent behavior of ship during, I, 110; II, 47, 60, 69.
Blasting the Fram loose from, II, 642, 686 (see also Ice-pressure).
Leakage, II, 643, 664.
Library, I, 73.
Lightening, II, 651.
Nansen’s farewell to, on starting on sledge journey, II, 132.
Photograph taken by moonlight, II, 69.
Safe return to Norway, II, 589, 590.
Sailing of the Fram, Anniversaries, I, 501; II, 299.
Skjærvö, the Fram anchored at, II, 703.
Spring-cleaning on board, I, 440, 441; II, 624.
Sverdrup’s account of voyage after Nansen’s departure, II, 601.
Thickness of ice under the Fram during drift, I, 459.
Tromsö Harbor entered on return of expedition, II, 706.
Trontheim’s account of ship and crew, I, 141.
Warmth and coziness of, I, 305, 490.
Warping ahead through ice-floes, II, 693.
Winter on board, I, 237, 246.

Framsjaa, newspaper, I, 317, 344, 357.

Franklin expeditions, Nansen reading, II, 23.

Franz Josef Land—
Expeditions to, I, 12.
Extent of archipelago, speculation as to, II, 557.
Fram, half-way between New Siberian Islands and Franz Josef Land, I, 567.
Fram reaching point north of, speculation as to possibility of, I, 531, 540, 579
Geological investigations, II, 550, 560.
Map, Nansen’s, II, 547, 548.
Position with regard to, Nansen’s conjectures, I, 414; II, 272, 343, 349, 458, 509, 511, 519, 528.
West coast reached by Nansen and Johansen, II, 355, 360.
Wintering on, II, 391.

“Frederick Jackson Island,” name given to land on which Nansen and Johansen wintered, II, 550.

Freeden Island, II, 344 (Note), 548.

Fucup, Torup’s Island, II, 355.

Fuel, petroleum, used for sledge expedition, II, 121.

Fulmars, I, 468; II, 229, 281, 313, 340, 408, 475, 502, 617, 634, 688.

Future expedition, Nansen on possibilities of, II, 712.

G

Gadus Polaris, II, 258.

Geelmuyden Island, II, 378.

Geelmuyden, Professor, supervision of astronomical instruments for expedition undertaken by, I, 74.

Geese, I, 159, 160; II, 393, 500, 503.

Geographical Society, London—
Contributions to expedition, I, 55, 56.
Nansen’s lecture before, I, 32 (Note), 40, 541.

Geographical Society, Norwegian, contributions to expedition, I, 56.

Gillis Land—
Proposed sledge expedition, I, 583.
Speculation as to position with regard to, II, 459, 488, 489.

Gingkos, II, 561, 562.

Glacier, rumblings in, II, 454 and Note.

Glaucus gulls, II, 356, 408.

Gloves used on sledge journey, II, 118.

Golden plovers, I, 152.

Goose Island, II, 500, 554.

Goose Land, Novaya Zemlya, failure to land at, I, 105.

Greely expedition (1881–84), highest latitude reached previous to Nansen’s expedition, I, 10.

Greely, General, articles on Nansen’s proposed expedition, I, 48, 51.

Greenland—
Drifts on coast, conclusions drawn from, II, 708.
Flora, Siberian vegetable forms included in, I, 23.
Sea route between Greenland and Spitzbergen, I, 11.

Greenland shark, II, 637.

Greenland whale, II, 558.

Guillemots, I, 230, 468; II, 232, 281, 471, 634, 692.

Gulf Stream, temperature of Polar Sea affected by, II, 711.

Gulls, I, 468, 471; II, 238, 255, 400, 408, 634.
Glaucus, II, 356, 408.
Ivory, II, 237, 244, 248, 266, 303, 313, 326, 340, 350, 379, 386, 476.
Ross’s, I, 471; II, 313, 315, 324, 325, 340.
Silver, II, 273.

Guns taken on sledge expedition, II, 123, 486.

H

Haalogoland, II, 593.

Hagensen, Johan, pilot of Fram from Bergen to Vardö, I, 88.

Hagerup, Secretary, Nansen’s telegram to, on return of expedition, II, 583.

Hammerfest, Nansen and Johansen arrive at, II, 586.

Hansen, S. S., member of expedition, I, 78.
Bear encounter, I, 260, 286.
Chart of drift, I, 539.
Christmas presents, I, 344.
Frozen toes, II, 605.
Hut, building, II, 665.
Kayak adventure, I, 517.
Map of route, II, 82.
Meteorological observations conducted by, I, 243.
Snow-hut for observations built by, II, 16.
Tabular form for observations on sledge expeditions, prepared by, II, 16.

Harelda Glacialis, I, 121.

Harold Hardråde, Arctic voyage recorded of, I, 4.

Harp seals, II, 369.

Harper’s Weekly, Greely’s article on expedition, I, 51.

Hats, felt, worn on sledge journey, II, 118.

Hauling harness, II, 275.

Hawk Island, I, 147.

Hayward, member of Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, II, 541.

Head covering, worn on sledge journey, II, 118.

Head shaving on board the Fram, II, 628.

Health of crew (see title Crew).

Heiberg, Axel, contributions to expedition, I, 55, 56.

Helland’s Foreland, II, 366, 371.

Henriksen, Peter Leonard, member of expedition, I, 79.
Bet with Juell as to thickness of ice under the Fram, I, 459.
Expedition up Yugor Strait, I, 118, 121.
Spitzbergen stories, I, 378.
Wish to join Nansen on sledge journey, II, 136.

Herlö Fjord, I, 92.

Herring gull, I, 468.

Hestemanden, I, 98.

Hoffmann Island, speculation as to position, II, 548.

Hollændernæset, II, 702.

Homeward march begun, sledge journey, II, 170.

Homeward voyage on the Windward, II, 577.

Hoods worn on sledge journey, II, 118.

Hooker Island, II, 509, 528.

Hooker, Sir Joseph, adverse opinion on proposed expedition, I, 47.

Houen, Anton, contribution to expedition, I, 55.

Houen’s Island, II, 353.

Hovgaard expedition, I, 12.

Hovland, pilot from Christiania to Bergen, I, 88.

Hudson, Henry, expedition (1607) by sea-route between Greenland and Spitzbergen, I, 11.

Hummerdus, I, 88.

Hummocks, highest climbed, II, 218.

Hut for scientific observations, II, 664, 665.

Hut, Jackson’s, II, 536.

Hut, wintering in—
Building hut, II, 390, 393, 410, 412, 419, 427.
Cooking arrangements, II, 428, 436.
Daily life, II, 434, 456, 457, 464.
Departure on southward journey, II, 487.
Depot of reserve food, II, 429, 482.
“Frederick Jackson’s Island,” name given to land on which hut was built, II, 550.
Report left in hut, II, 487.
Sleeping-shelf, II, 427.
Speculations as to position, II, 458.
Temperature in hut, II, 435.

Hvidtenland, II, 344 (Note), 458, 548.

Hydrographic equipment for expedition, I,74.

Hydrographic observations, results, II, 711.

I

Ice—
First meeting with, I, 106.
Hummock, highest climbed, II, 218.
Impracticability for sledge expedition,
Nansen’s consideration on possibility of, I, 584.
Lanes in, I, 455; II, 183, 212, 215, 220, 230.
Organisms contained in, I, 290, 502, 503, 514, 515.
Rate of formation, I, 304, 398, 457.
Roughness of surface during late spring weather, I, 449.
Rubble-ice, II, 168.
Sea-ice only encountered, except under land, II, 184 (Note).
Shore-ice, II, 242.
Siberia, ice-drift from, II, 140, 190, 708.
Stratified formation, I, 401.
Temperature, I, 463.
Thickness of ice under the Fram during drift, I, 459.
Thirst quenched by sucking ice, II, 151 (Note).
Water for cooking, better than snow, II, 228 (Note).
White reflection from, I, 148.
Winds strongly influencing ice-drift, II, 711.

Icebergs, II, 344, 350.

Ice-blasting, I, 343; II, 642, 652, 667, 686.

Ice-foot, II, 518 (Note).

Ice-gull, II, 617.

Ice-mews, I, 468.

Ice-pressure, I, 271, 272, 277, 279, 292, 304, 307, 308, 313, 352, 369, 381, 397, 398, 408; II, 28, 37, 38, 39, 42, 65, 66, 602, 610, 613, 638, 652, 662, 669, 693.
Blasting, II, 642, 652.
Fram freed from, II, 700.
Preparations for abandonment of the Fram on occasion of severe ice-pressure, II, 47.
Removal of high pressure-ridge, II, 605.

Infusoria found in ice-water, I, 515.

Inglefield, Sir E., favorable view of proposed expedition, I, 45.

Instruments for scientific observations—
Fram equipment, I, 72.
Sledge expedition, II, 124.

Iövenskiold, C., contribution to expedition, I, 55.

Ivory gulls, II, 237, 244, 248, 266, 303, 313, 326, 341, 350, 379, 386, 475.

J

Jackson, F.—
Aid given to Nansen in preparation of maps and plans, II, 547.
Cape Richthofen, most northerly point reached by, II, 504.
Hut, II, 536.
Nansen meeting with, II, 522.

Jackson’s map—
“King Oscar Land,” error in position on, II, 379 (Note).
Used by Nansen in preparing his sketch-map of Franz Josef Land, II, 548.

Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, I, 12.
Nansen’s meeting with, II, 522.

Jacobsen, T. C., mate of the Fram, I, 78.
Reindeer stalking, I, 160.
Sledge building for northward expedition, II, 73.

Jarlsberg, Baron Harald Wedel, contribution to expedition, I, 55.

Jeannette expedition (1879–81)—
Drift, I, 12, 13, 16, 17, 540.
Fram’s drift compared with, I, 540.
Ice-water, distilling before drinking, unnecessary trouble, II, 228.
Scurvy, immunity from, I, 586.

Johansen, F. H., member of expedition, I, 79.
Bandaging lessons in preparation for sledge journey, II, 70.
Bear attack, narrow escape, II, 329.
Birthday feast, II, 210.
Chosen as Nansen’s companion on sledge journey, II, 2, 7.
Kayak building, II, 12.
Meteorological observations, I, 243, 363.

Journals—
Difficulty of writing during life in hut, II, 436.
Duplicate carried by Nansen on sledge expedition, II, 16.

Juell, A., steward and cook of the Fram, I, 78, 79.
Bet with Peter as to thickness of ice under the Fram, I, 459.
Dog-tailor, II, 16.

Julianehaab, drift from wreck of the Jeannette discovered near, I, 17.

K

Kamenni Islands, I, 158.

Kane’s expedition, inadequate preparations, I, 353.

Kara River, I, 149.

Kara Sea—
Fram sails into, I, 147, 148.
View of, from Siberian coast, I, 124.

Karl Alexander Land, II, 550.

Kayaks—
Bags stuffed with pemmican placed under, II, 82, 86.
Building, I, 510, 515, 516, 523, 525; II, 12, 13, 112, 648.
Crossing ice-lanes, II, 139 (Note), 329.
Drifting, Nansen nearly drowned in recovering, II, 512.
Food, arrangement in, II, 157.
Hansen’s adventure in, I, 517.
Preparing for sledge journey after winter in hut, II, 483.
Rate of progress, II, 346.
Repairing, II, 194, 239, 241, 246, 247, 248, 306, 314, 483.
Sledges to be abandoned for, II, 282, 336.

Kelch, Nikolai, contribution to expedition, I, 75.

Khabarova—
Churches, I, 115.
Festival of St. Elias, I, 128.
Fram puts in at, I, 112.
Russian traders, I, 140.
Trontheim’s meeting with Nansen, I, 113.

King Halfdan tows the Fram into Tromsö harbor, II, 706.

King of Norway—
Contribution to expedition, I, 54.
Medal presented to Trontheim, I, 144.

King Oscar’s Bay, I, 218.

King Oscar’s Land—
Extent probably not great, II, 556.
Jackson’s Map, error as to position, II, 379 (Note).
Speculation as to position with regard to, II, 459.

Kinn, I, 95.

Kitchen, chart-room used as, in summer, I, 527.

Kittiwakes, I, 468; II, 341, 408, 503, 617, 692.

Kjellman’s Island—
Fram anchors at, I, 160.
Unknown lands near, I, 159.

Kjollefjord, the Fram puts in at, I, 102.

Kjösterad, A. S., contribution to expedition, I, 55.

Knipa Sound, I, 184.

Knudtzon, Consul N. H., contribution to expedition, I, 55.

Koetlitz, Dr., member of Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, II, 534, 550.

Koldewey expedition (1869–70), I, 11.

“Komager” boots worn on sledge journey, II, 117, 229, 485.
Repairing, II, 485.

Köngespeilet, polar ice described in, I, 5.

Kopepodæ, I, 274.

Kotelnoi, I, 228.

Kryloff, account of Trontheim’s journey with dogs, written by, I, 134.

Kvænangan Fjord, II, 703.

Kvarvan, I, 91.

L

Laminaria, II, 308.

Lamps—
Fire caused by explosion, II, 296.
“Primus,” cooking with, on sledge expedition, II, 121.
Train-oil, II, 353, 426, 436.

Land—
Fram’s first sight of, on homeward voyage, II, 701.
Sledge journey, Nansen’s first sight of, II, 319.

Lanes in ice, kayaks or sledges crossing, II, 329.

Langöia, unknown islands descried near, I, 111.

Lapteff, I, 209.

Larus argentatus, II, 238, 266, 273.

Larus eburneus, I, 468; II, 303, 475.

Larus glaucus, II, 475.

Larus tridactylus, II, 617.

Latitude and longitude: statements showing drift of the Fram, I, 445; II, 643, 663.

Leigh-Smith—
Franz Josef Land visited by, I, 12.
Nansen’s speculations as to position with regard to Leigh-Smith’s quarters, II, 369, 519.

Length of voyage, speculations as to, I, 521, 539, 540.

Lestris parasiticus, I, 159, 468; II, 666.

Library on board the Fram, I, 73.

Lister Fjord, the Fram puts in at, I, 88.

Little auks, II, 255, 282, 305, 355, 358, 372, 410, 465, 466, 471, 476, 503, 617, 634, 688, 692.

Liv’s birthday, II, 66, 455.

“Liv’s Island,” II, 344 (Note).

Lobscouse suppers, II, 144.

Lockwood, highest latitude reached by, previous to Nansen expedition, I, 10.

Lofoten, I, 101.

Log-line for measuring drift, II, 614.

Long-boat, preparing for emergencies, II, 624, 651.

Long-tailed ducks, I, 122, 152.

“Longing Camp,” II, 314.
Farewell to, II, 315.
Iceberg or land sighted from, II, 307, 318.

Loon, Yalmal, I, 149.

“Lovunden” hummock, II, 609.

Lovunen, I, 101.

Lumbago, sufferings from, II, 322, 324.

Lytzen, Mr., discovery at Julianehaab of drift from the Jeannette, I, 17, 18.

M

Mack, Advocate, contribution to expedition, I, 101.

M’Clintock expedition—
Arrangement, good, II, 23.
Scurvy, immunity from, I, 586.
Sledge journey, I, 8.

M’Clintock, Sir Leopold, adverse opinion of proposed expedition, I, 41.

Magerö, I, 102.

Magnetic constant, Hansen’s observations, I, 243.

Magnetic equipment carried by the Fram, I, 73, 74.
Supervised by Neumeyer, I, 74.

Magnetic needle, singular inclination of, II, 19.

Mangerland, I, 92.

Markham, Albert—
High latitude reached by, I, 10.
Sledge journeys, I, 8, 9, 585.

Markham Sound, speculation as to position with regard to, II, 509.

Mary Elizabeth Island, II, 500 (Note).

Matches, precautions against fire, I, 536.

May 17th, celebrations, I, 483; II, 218, 628, 683.

Meat—
Fresh, remarkable preservation, I, 496.
Preparations taken on sledge journey, II, 124.

Meat-chocolate, afternoon refreshment on sledge journey, II, 150.

Medicine-chest, I, 98.
Sledge journey equipment, II, 126.
Store in long-boat, contents uninjured, II, 649.

Medusæ, I, 298.

Members of expedition (see Crew of the Fram).

Menus, feast-days, I, 256, 348, 349, 360, 388, 483, 486, 552, 565, 566; II, 24, 33, 170, 176, 210, 218, 320, 449.

Menus, ordinary days, I, 391.

Mergulus alle, II, 255, 465.

Meteorological observations—
Huts built for, II, 16, 664.
Instruments carried by Fram, I, 73, 74.
Instruments carried on sledge journey, II, 123.
Method of conducting, I, 243, 363.

Microscopical research, Nansen’s absorption in, I, 513, 514, 515, 575.

Midsummer-eve, I, 495, 498; II, 299.

Mittens used on sledge journey, II, 118.

Mogstad, Otto Irgens, member of expedition, I, 80.
Kayak and sledge-building, II, 12, 65, 73.

Mohn, Professor—
Lecture on drift from the Jeannette, I, 18.
Meteorological instruments for expedition supervised by, I, 74.
Nansen’s expedition and theories approved of, I, 40.
Nansen’s meeting with, on return, II, 583.

Moltke Moe, farewell telegram, I, 359.

Moons, remarkable, I, 294, 296, 297, 306, 307, 338; II, 27, 54, 65.

Mountain poppies, tundra-plains of Asia, I, 122.

Mud on ice surface, organisms contained in, I, 298, 504.

Multer, II, 33.

Murray’s silk net, fishing with, I, 274.

Musical instruments on Fram, I, 142.

N

Nares, Sir George—
Adverse opinion on proposed expedition, I, 41, 42.
Letters of congratulation to Nansen, I, 44 (Note).

Nares’ expedition (1875–76) by Smith Sound Route, I, 10.

Narwhals, II, 215, 217, 231, 244, 633, 634, 666.

Nathorst, Professor, report on vegetable fossils found near Cape Flora, II, 560.

Naturen map, Nansen’s conjectures apparently verified by the Fram’s drift, I, 541.

Naze, storm off, I, 84.

Neumayer, Dr., magnetic equipment superintended by, I, 74.

New Lands within Arctic Circle, quotation from, II, 549 (Note).

New Siberian Islands—
Food depots established on, I, 75, 76 (Note).
Jeannette expedition, I, 14, 28.

New Siberian Islands—
Russian expeditions, I, 7, 8.

New-year’s-day, I, 357; II, 41, 454, 668.

Nicolaysen’s plaster used for caulking kayaks, II, 127.

Night in Arctic regions, I, 252, 431, 557, 558, 567.

Norbeck, engine of the Fram constructed by, I, 68.

Nordahl, Bernhard, member of expedition, I, 79.
Assistant in meteorological observations, I, 243.
Hut-building, II, 664, 665.

Nordenfjeldske Steamship Co., of Trondhjem, pilots for expedition supplied by, I, 88.

Nordenskiöld’s map—
Islands marked on, not seen by Nansen’s expedition, I, 159.
Nansen’s remarks on, I, 188, 189, 190, 191, 195, 197, 199, 200, 203, 215.

Nordstjernen precedes the Fram up fjord to Christiania, II, 596.

Norsk Tidsskript for Sövaessen, Colin Archer’s Article in, I, 59.

Norsksundet, II, 702.

North Cape, I, 102.

Northbrook Island, II, 509 (Note).
Basalt rocks, II, 554.
Change in sea-level, II, 557.
Speculations as to position with regard to, II, 528.

Northeast Island, proposed sledge expedition, I, 583.

Northeast Land—
Basalt rocks, II, 553.
Speculations as to position with regard to, II, 459, 460.

Northeast Passage, Weyprecht and Payer’s expedition, I, 12.

Northernmost point reached, II, 170.

Norway—
Farewell to, I, 104.
First sight of, from Fram, on homeward voyage, II, 703.
First sight of, from Windward, on homeward voyage, II, 580.

Norwegian Geographical Society’s Year-Book—
Nansen’s conjectures, I, 541 (Note).

Norwegian Government—
Contributions to expedition, I, 54, 56.
Telegram to, on return, II, 583.

Norwegian Sound, II, 702.

Novaya Zemlya—
Goose Land, sighted by the Fram, I, 105.

Novaya Zemlya—
Proposed sledge expedition, I, 584.
Windward steers for, II, 579.

O

Odometer carried on sledge expedition, II, 101 (Note), 140, 141.

Onychiopsis, II, 562.

Open water, the Fram enters, after drift, II, 700.

Otaria, Nansen sails up Norwegian coast on, II, 586, 590.

Othar, voyage round the North Cape, I, 4.

P

Painting kayaks, difficulties of, II, 306.

Papaver nudicaule, I, 122; II, 353.

Parry’s expedition—
Arrangement good, II, 23.
Boats and sledges first used on, I, 9.

Payer—
Expedition, I, 12; II, 75, 237, 344 (Note).
Map, II, 548, 556.
New Lands within Arctic Circle, quotation from, II, 549 (Note).

Peary expedition—
Scurvy, immunity from, I, 586.
Sledge journeys, I, 8.

Pemmican—
Bags of, placed under kayaks, II, 82, 86.
Supply for sledge expedition, unsatisfactory, II, 125 (Note).

Peppervik—
Fram sails from, I, 82.
Welcome on return of the Fram, II, 596.

Peter Head, II, 510 (Note).

Petermann’s Land—
Discovery by Payer, I, 12.
Extent, probably not great, II, 556.
Speculations as to position with regard to, II, 226.

Petermann’s Mitteilungen, article on proposed expedition, I, 52.

Petrified wood, Cape Flora, II, 553.

Petroleum fuel used on sledge journey, II, 122, 123.

Petroleum launch—
Accident to, I, 124, 125, 147, 154.
Destruction of, II, 649.

Petroleum store, I, 547; II, 122, 123, 207, 353.

Pettersen, Lars, member of the expedition, I, 79.
Cooking undertaken by, II, 665.
Dancing powers, II, 27, 34.

Pettersen, Lars, nail-making, II, 73.
Shooting practice, II, 634.
Sledge expedition, willingness to join, I, 523, 533.
Stove explosion, I, 528.

Phoca barbata, I, 192; II, 284, 289, 634.

Phoca fœtida, I, 234; II, 233.

Phoca grœnlandica, II, 369.

Phosphorescent water, I, 274.

Photographic camera taken on sledge expedition, II, 124.

Pine-tree, vegetable fossils, Cape Flora, II, 560.

Polar cod, II, 258.

Polar Sea, depth of, I, 368, 465; II, 620, 647, 651, 678, 707, 711.

Pole, shifting of, conjectures as to, I, 486, 489.

Pools on ice-floes, I, 453.

Poppies, I, 122; II, 353.

Preparations for expedition, I, 54.

Preparations for sledge expedition. (See Sledge Journeys).

Preparations for southward journey after winter in hut, II, 481, 482.

“Primus” lamp for cooking, taken on sledge expedition, II, 121.

Procellaria glacialis, I, 468; II, 229, 475, 502.

Ptarmigan, I, 152.

Pterepoda, II, 283.

Pulverized food taken on sledge expedition, II, 124.

Puppies (see title “Dogs”).

R

Rhodostethia rosea, I, 471; II, 313.

Rækvik, the Fram takes up her long-boats at, I, 83.

Rainfall, I, 25, 26; II, 246, 308, 323, 341, 655.

Range, coal-oil apparatus for heating, I, 526, 547.

Rawlinson’s Sound, II, 349.

Red Bay, II, 701.

Red snow, II, 356, 372.

Reindeer, I, 150, 160, 203, 211.

Reports—
Nansen’s, deposited in hut, II, 487.
Sverdrup’s, of the Fram’s drift after departure of Nansen and Johansen, II, 601.

Rheumatism, Nansen suffering from, I, 290; II, 456.

Richards, Sir G. H., adverse opinion on proposed expedition, I, 45.

Richardson expedition, well arranged, II, 23.

Rifle, loss of, I, 201.

Ringed seals, II, 233.

Ringnes, Ellef, member of committee of expedition, I, 56.

Ringnes, T., and Co., contribution to expedition, I, 55.

Rink, Dr., drift-timber found on Greenland coast presented to, I, 20.

Rissi tridactyla, I, 468.

Rope-walk on ice, I, 238, 464.

Ross expedition, arrangements good, II, 23.

Ross’s gulls, I, 471; II, 313, 315, 324, 325, 341, 343, 344.

Royal Geographical Society, London. (See “Geographical Society.”)

Rubble ice, II, 168.

Russian expeditions, sledges first used on, I, 7.

Russian traders, Khabarova, I, 113, 140.

S

Saddleback seals, II, 369.

Sailing on fresh-water pools, I, 454.

Sails for sledges, II, 89.

Saint Peter and Saint Paul Islands, failing to see, I, 220.

Sand-hoppers, I, 254.

Sandpipers, II, 245.

Sannikoff Land, I, 231.

Saxifrage, I, 122; II, 353.

Schist, argillaceous, Helland’s Foreland, II, 372.

Schou Halve, contributor to expedition, I, 55.

Scientific observations made on expedition, separate publication necessary, II, 707.

Scott-Hansen (see Hansen).

Scurvy, immunity from, I, 585, 586; II, 124, 464.

Sea-slugs, I, 298.

Sea-urchins, II, 355.

Sea-weed, Torup’s Island, II, 355.

Seals, I, 192, 197, 203, 234; II, 232, 233, 244, 284, 286, 289, 300, 302, 335, 340, 357, 363, 369, 614, 634, 688.

Sennegraes, boots lined with on sledge journey, II, 117.

Seven Islands, proposed journey to, over ice, I, 582.

Seven Sisters, I, 101.

Sextant carried on sledge expedition, II, 124.

Sharks, II, 637.

Shellfish, I, 298.

Shoes used on sledge expedition, II, 116, 195.

Shooting competition, I, 517.

Shooting-stars, I, 297; II, 444.

Shrimps vomited by Arctic rose-gull, I, 472.

Siberia, sledge first used for Arctic explorations, I, 7.

Siberian drift-wood, I, 22; II, 666, 708.

Sibiriakoff colony, Khabarova, I, 112.
Trontheim’s account of life in, I, 140, 141.

Silver gull, II, 273.

Simon, H., contribution to expedition, I, 57.

Skjærvö, the Fram anchors at on return from expedition, II, 703.

Skuas, I, 471; II, 379, 409, 666, 688, 692.

Sledge journey (Nansen’s and Johansen’s)—
Ash-sledges, II, 81.
Birch-sledge broken up, II, 208.
Cross-bars and bows snapping at start, return for repairs, II, 99.
Curtailing sledges, II, 348.
Dogs, list of, II, 131 (see also title “Dogs”).
Equipment, I, 581; II, 112, 314, 317.
Food (see that title).
Grips for sledges, II, 285, 306, 314.
Hand-sledges, II, 14.
Hauling harness, II, 275 (Note).
Health good during, II, 247.
Homeward journey begun, II, 170.
Hut (see that title).
Johansen chosen as companion, II, 2, 7.
Kayaks (see that title).
Lanes, method of crossing, II, 329.
Maple-guards under sledges, II, 81, 216.
Northernmost point reached, II, 170.
Packing sledges on kayaks, II, 366.
Pattern of sledge used, II, 113.
Preparations for journey, I, 419, 446, 472, 510, 525, 531, 541, 543, 544, 578; II, 1, 16, 66, 69, 70, 81, 100.
Rate of travelling, II, 135, 139, 140, 142, 143, 163, 167, 168, 172, 175, 176, 178, 179, 183, 186, 190, 197, 206, 208, 216, 217, 219, 220, 224, 232, 258, 262, 268.
Sails used on, II, 89, 129.
Sleeping-bag (see that title).
Start, II, 98, 101, 105, 110, 132.
Sverdrup left in charge of ship, II, 1, 91, 110.
Temperature of every month, table showing, II, 597.

Sledge journey, Payer’s, II, 75.

Sledge journey southward, Sverdrup’s preparation for, in case of abandonment of ship, II, 606, 648, 649, 667.

Sleep, time passed in, during life in hut, II, 464.

Sleeping-bag, II, 16, 86, 118, 146, 147, 155, 314, 317, 434, 474, 485.

Sleeping-shelf in hut, II, 427, 434.

Sleeplessness, complaints of, I, 356.

Smith Sound route, expedition by, I, 10.

Smoking onboard, regulations, I, 536.

Snails, II, 355.

Sneerenburg Bay, II, 712.

Snipe, I, 149, 231.

Snow, red, II, 356, 372.

Snow-blindness, cases of, I, 492.

Snow-buntings, II, 617, 681.

Snow-owls, I, 123.

Snowshoe practice, I, 541, 543, 576, 577; II, 609.

Snowshoes—
Hut roof supported by, II, 391.
Kayaks stiffened with, II, 340.
Indian snowshoes probably best for sledge expeditions, II, 207.
Making, II, 76, 606.
Paddles made of, II, 340.
Taken on sledge expeditions, II, 123.

Socks worn on sledge journey, II, 116, 117.

Sokolii, I, 147.

Söstrene, the Fram meets, on sailing into open waters, II, 701.

Sounding-line, cable converted into, I, 464.

Southward journey after winter in hut, II, 481.

Spadella, I, 274.

Spaerella nivalis, snow colored by, II, 356 (Note).

Spitzbergen—
Basalt rocks, II, 553.
Development of, news brought by the Windward, II, 574.
Flora, II, 563.
Ice-free waters, I, 4.
Peter’s stories, I, 378, 379.
Speculation as to position with regard to, II, 272, 459, 509, 519.

Sponges, I, 298.

Star-fish, I, 298.

Steinen Island, II, 380 (Note).

Stellaria, II, 353.

Stercorarius crepidata, II, 409.

Stocking-legs or socks worn on sledge expedition, II, 116.

Strand-ice, II, 405.

Subscriptions to expedition, I, 54, 56.

Summer day, mildness of, I, 491, 516.

Sun—
Disappearance of, I, 296, 532; II, 666.
Eclipse, I, 431.
Mirage, I, 394, 395.
Reappearance, II, 76, 107, 678.

Sundt, E., contribution to expedition, I, 55.

Supan, Professor, favorable view of proposed expedition, I, 52.

Sverdrup, Otto Neumann, Commander of the Fram, I, 77, 98.
Bags for kayaks made by, II, 82.
Birthday celebration, I, 298.
Command of expedition handed over to, on Nansen’s departure on sledge journey, II, 91, 110, 601.
Expedition up Yugor Strait, I, 118, 121.
Illness, II, 22, 27.
Island discovered by, I, 154.
Kayak building, II, 12.
Reindeer stalking, I, 166.
Report of drifting of the Fram after departure of Nansen, II, 601.
Sledge journey, talking over with Nansen, I, 578; II, 1.
Steamship sailing to Spitzbergen, commanded by, II, 574 (Note).
Telegram to Nansen, on arrival of the Fram, II, 589.

Sverdrup’s Island, I, 154, 157.

T

Taimur Bay, I, 209.

Taimur Island, I, 189, 190, 191, 192, 209.

Taimur Strait, I, 190, 199.

Taxites, II, 560.

Tegethoff expedition, I, 9, 14.

Telescope taken on sledge journey, II, 124.

Temperature of ice, I, 463.

Temperature statements, I, 467; II, 597, 664, 667, 713, 714.
Polar Seas warmer than hitherto supposed; conclusion arrived at from hydrographic observations, II, 711.

Tent taken on sledge expedition, II, 15, 119.
Fire caused by lamp explosion, II, 296.
Hut roofed with, II, 391.
Substitute for, II, 485.

Terns, II, 341.

Theodolite taken on sledge expedition, II, 124.

Thermometer taken on sledge expedition, II, 124, 430.

Thornöe—
Electric apparatus constructed by, I, 74.
Hydrographic department, superintended by, I, 74.

Threads, procured from twine and unravelling of bags, II, 465.

Thyrsopteris, II, 562.

Tidal wave, ice-pressure probably influenced by, I, 279.

Tobolsk official newspaper, Trontheim’s account of journey with dogs, I, 133, 134.

Tools used in building hut, II, 410.

Torellia, II, 561.

Torgersen, Johan, dogs for expedition to be delivered by, I, 75.

Torghatten, I, 98.

Tornebohm, Dr., analysis of mud deposit on drift-ice, I, 39.

Torup, Professor, physiological medicinal preparations undertaken by, I, 75.

Torup’s Island, II, 355 (Note).

Trænen, I, 101.

Tromsö—
Fram’s outward voyage, I, 98, 101.
Fram’s return, II, 590, 706.

Trondhjem, I, 98.

Trontheim, Alexander Ivanovitch, I, 75.
Account of journey with dogs, given in Tobolsk official newspaper, I, 133, 134.
Medal presented to, I, 132, 144.
Nansen’s meeting with, at Khabarova, I, 113.
Sails for Vardö in Urania, I, 144.

Tundra-plains of Asia, I, 123, 137, 138.

U

Ulfstinden, King Halfdan meets the Fram off, II, 706.

Unknown lands, I, 154, 159, 184, 187, 192; II, 344, 505.
Nansen’s farewell instructions to Sverdrup on importance of exploring, II, 110, 111.

Urania—
Coal supply to be conveyed to Khabarova by, I, 77.
Delay in arrival, I, 114, 132, 144.
Trontheim and Christofersen sail in her for Vardö, I, 144.

Uria Brünnichii, II, 281.

Uria grylle, I, 468; II, 232, 471.

V

“Vadmel” squares used on sledge journey, II, 117.

Vågen, Fram touches at, lecture and banquet, I, 91.

Våges’ fish-flour used on sledge expedition, II, 125.

Vaigatch Island, I, 111.

Valkyrie precedes the Fram up fjord, on return to Christiania, II, 596.

Vardö—
Bath, 103.
Christofersen and Trontheim return to, I, 145.
Fram puts in at, banquet, ball, and farewells, I, 102, 104.
Windward returns to, II, 579, 581.

Venus, first appearance above horizon, I, 369.

Vesteraalen Company, steamboat service to Spitzbergen, II, 574.

Vikings, first Arctic voyagers, I, 3.

Virgo, steamship of Andrée expedition, II, 702.

Von Toll, Baron—
Dogs for expedition provided by, I, 75.
Provision depots on New Siberian Islands, I, 75, 76.

W

Walruses, I, 192, 220, 337; II, 345, 346, 364, 384, 385, 392, 393, 405, 407, 408, 412, 418, 421, 423, 497, 501, 502, 516, 517, 519.

Wardroper, Mr., help in promising dogs for expedition, I, 75.

Watches run down, II, 172, 175, 176.
Comparison with Jackson’s chronometer, II, 544.

Water-samples, examination of, I, 303.

Waving star-fish, I, 298.

Wedding-day anniversaries, I, 207, 528.

Weight of members of expedition—
Decrease, II, 628.
Increase, I, 390, 542; II, 692.

Weyprecht and Payer expedition (1872–74), I, 12.

Whales, II, 231, 407, 558, 633, 688 (see also “Narwhals”).

Wharton, Captain, favorable view of proposed expedition, I, 45.

Whey-powder and water, beverage on sledge journey, II, 147.

White Island, I, 153.

White Land (see “Hvidtenland”).

Whitsuntide, II, 239, 624.

Wilczek Land—
Extent probably not great, II, 557.
Probability of open water along coast, II, 228.
Speculations with regard to, II, 268, 548, 549.

Willow-grouse, I, 211.

Wilton, Mr., member of Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, II, 573.

Wind—
Current influenced by, Nansen’s theory, I, 28, 29.
Drift strongly influenced by, II, 711.
Temperature raised by, I, 373.

Wind-clothes, I, 415; II, 115, 434.

Windmill for electric-light dynamo, I, 238, 241, 293.
Accidents, I, 554, 564.
Amundsen repairing, II, 74, 78.
Taken down, II, 618.

Windward—
Arrival of, II, 566, 573.
Homeward voyage in, II, 577.

Winter on board the Fram—
Account of day during, I, 246.
Preparations for, I, 237.

Wintering on Franz Josef Land, Nansen and Johansen, II, 391.

Wolf-skin garments, too warm for sledge expedition, II, 114.

Work-room, Nansen’s, I, 532.

Workshops on board the Fram, I, 238, 427.

Wounds—
Caused by sticking of clothes to skin during life in hut, II, 462.
Wrist-sores caused by frozen sleeve, II, 145.

Wrangel’s Land, Jeannette stuck fast near, I, 13, 28.

Y

Yalmal, landing on, I, 149.

Young, Sir Allen, adverse opinion on proposed expedition, I, 44.

Yugor Strait, the Fram enters, I, 112.

Z

Zachau, Captain, of the Virgo, II, 702.

The End