Plate Frontispiece
Tourmaline crystals, growing amid feldspar crystals in a cavity in granite, from Paris, Me.
Plate 5
Gold in quartz, from California
Plate 6
Native silver in calcite
Argentite, the black masses throughout the white quartz
Plate 7
Pyrargyrite as it appears after moderate exposure to the light.
Crystal form of Pyrargyrite
Prousite as it appears after moderate exposure to the light
Plate 8
Native copper from Michigan
Chalcopyrite in tetrahedrons and an occasional octahedron.
Plate 9
Chalcocite crystals with the bluish tarnish
Tetrahedrite crystals
Plate 11
Cuprite, the red crystals showing characteristic color, other showing the green tarnish of malachite
Malachite (green) and azurite (blue), the two minerals shown together as they very commonly occur
Plate 12
Limonite
The crystal form in which goethite is found, p is the prism faces, b and c are faces formed by beveling the edges of the prism, o is the pyramidal face characteristic of the ends
Plate 13
Hematite, Clinton iron ore, oolitic
Siderite crystals
Plate 15
Pyrite crystals
Marcasite in concretionary form with radiate structure
Plate 17
Galena in crystals
Pyromorphite crystals (green)
Plate 19
Sphalerite, some the normal yellow and some crystals with the reddish tinge. (White is dolomite)
Zincite
Plate 21
Smithsonite in yellow crystals
Franklinite in octahedral crystals
Plate 24
Arsenopyrite, showing crystals massed so as to be incompletely developed
Realgar as it usually occurs in powdery incrustations
Plate 25
Large crystal of stibnite, the light colored face is the one parallel to which cleavage occurs
Niccolite as a vein in slate
Plate 26
Cobaltite, silver color, with pink tinge
Smaltite, pink is cobalt bloom
Plate 27
Carnotite from southwest Colorado
Cinnabar
Plate 31
Amethyst, not however deep enough colored for gems
Jasper, with botryoidal surface
Plate 32
Banded Agate from Brazil
Plate 33
Common Opal from Arizona
Siliceous sinter or Geyserite from The Yellowstone Park
Plate 35
A group of Microcline crystals from Pike’s Peak, Colo.
Labradorite, showing multiple twinning (the striation), and the iridescent play of colors
Plate 36
Crystal form of a pyroxene; a and b prism faces, m the beveled edge between two prism faces
Cross section of a pyroxene crystal showing the lines of intersection of the two cleavage planes
Cross sections of pyroxenes, showing typical forms taken by crystals
Augite crystals, in crystalline limestone
Plate 38
The dodecahedron and the 24-sided figure characteristic of garnets
The garnet, grossularite
The garnet alamandite
Plate 39
Beryl of gem quality
Zircon in syenite
Plate 40
Cyanite crystals in schist
A crystal of mica, showing basal cleavage
Plate 41
Crystal form typical of topaz
A topaz crystal from Brazil
Crystal form typical of staurolite when simple
A typical twin of staurolite
Plate 43
Serpentine
Chlorite
Plate 49
Apatite crystals in crystalline calcite
The ends of apatite crystals showing common modes of termination
Plate 50
A group of fluorite crystals
A group of halite crystals
Plate 61
Amber
Two bottles of petroleum, the left hand one with a paraffin base, the right hand one with an asphalt base
Plate 65
Mica schist, with garnets
Chlorite schist
Plate 67
Serpentine, composed of serpentine, hematite, and some calcite
Plate 1
Basal forms of the isometric system
Cube
Octahedron
Dodecahedron
Plate 2
Basal forms of the tetragonal system
A square prism
Octahedron
Basal forms of the orthorhombic system
A Rectangular prism
Octahedron
Plate 3
Basal forms of the monoclinic system
The rectangular prism askew
The octahedron
A cross section of the prism with its edges beveled so that the b faces are obliterated by the m faces, and a six-sided prism is formed (pseudo-hexagonal)
Basal form of the triclinic system
Plate 4
Basal forms of the hexagonal system
The six-sided prism
The double pyramid
The rhombohedron
Plate 10
Tetrahedrons showing characteristic manner in which tetrahedrite occurs
A cube with the edges beveled and the corners cut in a form characteristic of cuprite
Plate 30
Two intergrowing or twinned quartz crystals
Diagram of the typical quartz crystal, p prism faces, l left hand rhombohedron, r right hand rhombohedron
A quartz crystal on which the left hand rhombohedron is represented by small faces while the right hand rhombohedron has large faces
Plate 14
Crystal forms of hematite, A the rhombohedron with the edges beveled; B the tabular form, resulting from the excessive development of the two o faces opposite each other
A typical crystal of magnetite
The rhombohedron typical of siderite
Plate 16
The pyritohedron
The pyritohedron with certain of its edges beveled by the cube faces, to show the relationship of these two forms
Plate 18
Typical forms for cerrusite
The pyramid, n the prism face, m the beveled prism, p the octahedral face, and o the edge of the octahedral faces beveled
The simple type of twinning
A multiple twin where three crystals grow through each other
Forms in which anglesite occurs: l the pyramid face, p the prism face, o the vertical edge of the prism beveled, m the horizontal edge of the prism beveled, n a further beveling of the horizontal edge of the prism. D the tabular, E the prismatic form
Plate 20
A characteristic form in which sphalerite may occur; being the combination of, d the dodecahedron, o the octahedron, and t, a 24-sided figure
Characteristic form for zincite crystals, n the hexagonal prism, and p pyramidal faces on it
Typical form of crystal of willemite: p the prism, r rhombohedron faces on end, ½ r a second lower rhombohedron
Plate 22
Moss agates, showing the dendritic growth of manganitic minerals, like manganite or pyrolusite
Crystal form of manganite
Plate 23
Crystals of green corundum in syenite, from Montana
Typical crystal forms of corundum: A the elongated prism with the alternate corners cut by rhombohedral faces, B the tabular prism, C the double pyramid
Plate 28
Cassiterite, twinned crystals
The crystal form in which both cassiterite and rutile occur when in simple crystals, p prism faces, m beveling of the prism, o octahedral face, n beveling of the edge between octahedral faces
Multiple twinning characteristic of rutile
Plate 29
Crystal of Spinel
Crystal forms in which dolomite occurs
A the cleavage form, rhombohedron with the faces curved
B the rhombohedron with the corners cut, as it often occurs
C the form found in gypsum or anhydrite
Plate 34
Orthoclase, a cleavage piece, a and b the perfect cleavage planes, and c the imperfect cleavage plane
Crystal forms of orthoclase
A the simple crystal
B the twinned form
C the twinned form in which the crystals are intergrowing
Diagram of a multiple twin of a plagioclase feldspar
Plate 37
Diagrams of amphibole crystals
A a typical crystal
B cross section showing the intersection of cleavage planes
C and D cross sections to show variations in outline
Tremolite in silky fibrous crystals. Asbestos
Hornblende crystals in quartzite
Plate 42
Epidote crystals
Typical forms of epidote crystals; p prism faces, m, n, x, and y beveled edges of the prism, o octahedral faces
Typical forms of tourmaline
A side view; B and C ends to show terminations; p prism faces, m beveling of prism edges, r a low rhombohedron on the end, s the opposite rhombohedron, b basal face, and the other faces represent bevelings
Plate 48
A group of barite crystals
Outline of the typical tabular barite crystal
The six-sided double pyramid, composed of three interpenetrating crystals, typical of witherite and strontianite
Plate 44
The typical form of analcite
A typical natrolite crystal
The typical crystal form of stilbite
A sheaf-like bundle of fibrous crystals, typical of stilbite
Plate 45
A group of calcite crystals
Typical forms of calcite
A the rhombohedron formed by cleavage
B a rhombohedral crystal truncated by the basal plane
C the scalenohedron
D the scalenohedron truncated by the rhombohedron
E the scalenohedron on a prism
Plate 46
Typical forms of aragonite
A the simple crystal
B a needle-like form, twinned
C cross section to show how the form may appear six-sided
Typical form of the anhydrite crystal
Plate 47
A piece of gypsum looking on the surface of the perfect cleavage, and showing the two other cleavages as lines, intersecting at 66°. Twinning is also shown
A simple crystal of gypsum
Twin crystals of gypsum
Plate 51
Sulphur crystals
Ice crystals, the top one, the end of a hexagonal prism; the two lower figures multiple twins as in snow flakes
Plate 52
The Devil’s Tower, Wyoming, an example of igneous rock with columnar structure, and resting on sedimentary rocks. Courtesy of the U. S. Geological Survey
Plate 53
A coarse granite
Graphic granite
Plate 54
Syenite
Gabbro
Plate 55
Basalt-porphyry. The large white crystals are phenocrysts of plagioclase feldspar
Basalt-obsidian
Plate 56
Amgydoloid
Plate 57
The north face of Scott’s Bluff, Neb., showing sedimentary sandstones above and clays below. The type of erosion is characteristic of arid regions. Courtesy of the U. S. Geological Survey
Plate 58
Breccia
Conglomerate
Plate 59
Calcareous shale
Coquina
Plate 60
Foramenifera from Chalk; enlarged about 25 diameters
Encrinal Limestone; fragments of the stems, arms and body of Crinoids
Plate 62
A diatomaceous earth magnified 50 times
B and C two diatoms from the above enlarged 250 times. After Gravelle, by the courtesy of Natural History
Plate 63
A metamorphic rock, showing the contortion of layers due to expansion under heat
Plate 64
A conglomerate partly metamorphosed to a gneiss. Note the flattened pebbles and the alternation of the intermediate material to mica scales, etc.
A typical gneiss
Plate 66
Phyllite
A white marble, with black streaks due to graphite
Plate 68
Claystones, simple and compound
A line concretion, which on splitting disclosed a fern leaf of the age of the coal measures
Plate 69
A septeria from Seneca Lake, N. Y.
Pisolite
Plate 70
A geode filled with quartz crystals
Plate 71
A quartz pebble from the bed of a New England brook
A pebble of schist and granite from the foot of Mt. Toby, Mass.
Plate 72
An iron-nickel meteorite, of 23 lbs. which fell in Claiborne Co., Tenn.
An etched slice of an iron meteorite which fell in Reed City, Osceola Co., Mich.
Plate 73
A stony meteorite, about natural size, which fell in 1875, in Iowa Co., Iowa
PUTNAM’S
NATURE FIELD BOOKS
Companion books to this one
| Mathews | American Wild Flowers |
| American Trees and Shrubs | |
| Wild Birds and Their Music | |
| Durand | Wild Flowers in Homes and Gardens |
| My Wild Flower Garden | |
| Common Ferns | |
| Lutz | Insects |
| Loomis | Rocks and Minerals |
| Eliot | Birds of the Pacific Coast |
| Armstrong | Western Wild Flowers |
| Alexander | Birds of the Ocean |
| Anthony | North American Mammals |
| Thomas | Common Mushrooms |
| Sturgis | Birds of the Panama Canal Zone |
| Miner | Seashore Life |
| Breder | Marine Fishes of the Atlantic Coast |
| Morgan | Ponds and Streams |
| Longyear | Rocky Mountain Trees and Shrubs |
| Olcott Putnam | Field Book of the Skies |
| Beebe Tee-Van | The Shore Fishes of Bermuda |
| Schrenkeisen | Fresh-Water Fishes of North America North of Mexico |
Transcriber’s Notes
- Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.
- In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.
- Silently corrected a few typos.
- Reconstructed an image caption (Pisolite) on Plate 69.
- Generated a cover image based on elements in the book.