The author argues that modern economic development favors decentralization of industry and the revival of small-scale, local workshops integrated with agriculture, presenting statistical evidence and case studies from various countries to show the persistence and growth of rural and small industries alongside large factories. He advocates combining intellectual and manual work through practical technical education, cooperative small holdings, and intensified agriculture to increase self-sufficiency and local prosperity. Technological changes such as distributed electrical power are highlighted as enabling factors, and policy steps for encouraging local production, agricultural improvement, and vocational training are proposed.