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First notions of logic (preparatory to the study of geometry)

Chapter 1: FIRST NOTIONS OF LOGIC (PREPARATORY TO THE STUDY OF GEOMETRY)
By Augustus De Morgan
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The tract introduces elementary formal logic aimed at students preparing for geometric study, defining logic as the study of inference form rather than factual truth. It explains propositions as affirmations or denials, shows reduction of ordinary expressions to simple A is B or A is not B forms, and distinguishes universal and particular propositions. It analyzes negation, the differing meanings of negative words, and the limits of the adage that two negatives make an affirmative. It outlines syllogistic reasoning, classifying syllogisms that yield universal conclusions and those yielding partial conclusions by weakening premises, and emphasizes careful attention to language in forming valid inferences.

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Title: First notions of logic (preparatory to the study of geometry)

Author: Augustus De Morgan

Release date: December 26, 2021 [eBook #67017]
Most recently updated: October 18, 2024

Language: English

Original publication: United Kingdom: Taylor and Walton, 1839

Credits: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FIRST NOTIONS OF LOGIC (PREPARATORY TO THE STUDY OF GEOMETRY) ***

Transcriber’s Note:

The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.

FIRST NOTIONS
OF
LOGIC
(PREPARATORY TO THE STUDY OF GEOMETRY)

BY
AUGUSTUS DE MORGAN,
OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE,
PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON.
The root of all the mischief in the sciences, is this; that falsely magnifying and admiring the powers of the mind, we seek not its real helps.—Bacon.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR TAYLOR AND WALTON,
BOOKSELLERS AND PUBLISHERS TO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.
28 UPPER GOWER STREET.
M.DCCC.XXXIX.

⁂ This Tract contains no more than the author has found, from experience, to be much wanted by students who are commencing with Euclid. It will ultimately form an Appendix to his Treatise on Arithmetic.

The author would not, by any means, in presenting the minimum necessary for a particular purpose, be held to imply that he has given enough of the subject for all the ends of education. He has long regretted the neglect of logic; a science, the study of which would shew many of its opponents that the light esteem in which they hold it arises from those habits of inference which thrive best in its absence. He strongly recommends any student to whom this tract may be the first introduction of the subject, to pursue it to a much greater extent.

University College, Jan, 8, 1839.

LONDON:—PRINTED BY JAMES MOYES,
Castle Street, Leicester Square.