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Fishing from the Earliest Times

Chapter 37: CHAPTER XXIX THE RING OF POLYCRATES
By William Radcliffe
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The author compiles literary, archaeological, and practical evidence to chart fishing techniques and tackle from antiquity through various civilizations. He analyzes classical sources such as Homer, Plato, Aristotle, and Plutarch to discuss methods, species identification, and controversies like the origin of the artificial fly and the use of jointed rods. Separate sections survey Egyptian, Assyrian, Jewish, and Chinese practices, including sacred fish, vivaria, legal regulations, prices, and culinary uses. The work balances technical descriptions with cultural, mythological, and economic contexts and contrasts ancient pisciculture with later developments.

CHAPTER XXIX
THE RING OF POLYCRATES

In accordance with my custom of ending the Fishing of each nation by a story in which fish play directly or indirectly an important part, I searched for an Egyptian tale or legend. The serpent Apep in the Ra myth is merely a variant of similar beasts figuring in the Bel and Andromeda legends: his story, moreover, lacks the stir of battle of the former, or the human interest of the latter.[885] The absence of any such legend is due doubtless to the bad esteem in which fish were held by the priests, who in the early days, at any rate, wrote the history of the country.

As Maspero in his Contes Populaires de l’ancienne Égypte (which by the by differs in The Two Brothers from the account given by Plutarch) failed to provide provender, I perforce fall back on a story, which, if Ægean in locale, is Egyptian in effect, the tale of the ring of Polycrates.

This has been used by Cicero and other ancient writers to point the moral of calling no man happy until his death, and by modern to adorn many a tale of good luck, but since its historical importance has often been neglected, I venture to recall shortly what Herodotus sets forth.[886]

Polycrates, Tyrant of Samos, was so proverbial for a good fortune, which had never met with check or disaster, that Amasis, King of Egypt, fearing the effects of the φθόνος of the Gods on Polycrates and consequently on their newly-formed alliance, advised him to propitiate them by getting rid of one of his most valued possessions. Accordingly the Tyrant cast into the sea[887] his seal-ring of extraordinary beauty, which in a few days was found in the belly of a fish and restored to him.

This last shock of happy fortune was too much for Amasis, who broke off his alliance and thus left Polycrates free to aid Cambyses in his invasion and conquest of Egypt. It is fair to add, even at the expense of this pretty fish story, that Grote (IV. 323) holds that Polycrates himself broke off the Egyptian to effect the more powerful Persian alliance.

Note.—For kind advice at “parlous times” I am indebted to my friends, Dr. Alan H. Gardiner and Miss M. A. Murray. The latter has doubled the debt by reading my proofs.