Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
328Teramnus labialis Spreng.
Herbaceous twiner. Leaves 3-fol.; flowers small, reddish, in very lax racemes; pods linear up to 2 in. long; tipped with a short stout beak or hook.
Nubia; Fung Prov. (Karkoj); Kordofan Prov. (Melbes); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (by the Kit); Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).
329Erythrina tomentosa R. Br. ’ZĀN (Baggara), BET EL ARUS & HABILARUS—Arab; SHUMTI (Dilling)—Nuba; ARIENGO—Jur; BANGRIBAKAKE—Zande.
Shrub to middle sized tree with trifol. leaves; flowers orange red, in dense spikes, appearing before the leaves; pods constricted; seeds scarlet.
Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.
E. Brucei Schwfth.
Moderate sized tree with short, stout spines on the young stem and branches. Leaves 3-fol.; flowers scarlet, appearing before the leaves; pods constricted.
Khartoum Prov. (Introduced).
E. Dybowskii Hua.
Leaflets very broadly ovate-triangular, emarginate, 3 in. long and about 4 in. broad, softly tomentellous on both surfaces; petioles with reflexed prickles. Pods tomentose, constricted.
Darfur Prov. (Kulme).
330Mucuna pruriens DC. KOPA—Zande. Cow-Itch.
Semi-woody twiner. Leaves 3-fol. with stipels, pubescent above, with dense silvery hair beneath. Flowers large, dark purple, in drooping racemes; pods up to 3 in. long, covered with orange-brown irritant hairs.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi, also Niamniam-land).
The young pods are cooked and eaten as a vegetable, but when ripe they are covered with hairs which are exceedingly irritating. Various medicinal properties are attributed to the roots and seeds.
331Canavalia virosa Wight & Arn.
Herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-fol., with stipels; flowers nearly white to bright pink; pod 4 in. long by 1½ in. wide, thickened on either side of the dorsal suture.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: by the Yokko).
C. regalis Dunn. TAMBUI (J. Eliri)—Nuba.
Herbaceous twiner. Leaves 3-fol. with stipels; pods up to 9 in. long, thickened on either side of the dorsal suture; seeds nearly 1 in. long, deep pink.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
In the Bahr El Ghazal bracelets of strung seed are worn to bring luck in the chase.
C. ensiformis DC. LUBIA EL FIL (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; BOLUKI (Dilling)—Nuba; NZERAHNA—Krej.
Strong herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-fol.; flowers pink; pod about 6 in. long with a rib on either side of the dorsal suture; seeds dark.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.
The Sword Bean, wild and cultivated.
332Phaseolus lunatus Linn. Lima, Burma, Sugar, or Butter Bean.
Twining herb. Leaves 3-fol., central leaflet ovate-deltoid, 4 in. long. Racemes axillary; cor. violet. Pod 3 in. long, flat, broad crescent-shaped.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Cultivated).
The ripe seeds contain Prussic acid, which is, however, destroyed in cooking.
P. Mungo Linn. GESHARINGEIK (Sudan) & KASHARINGI (Egypt)—Arab; BAKWA—Bongo; ABAGPA—Zande.
Sub-erect annual, yellowish hairy. Leaflets 3. Racemes axillary, 4-6 flowered; cor. yellowish. Pod linear, terete 2 in. long, tawny hairy.
Cultivated.
In Basutoland the seeds are used by the natives to mature boils, abscesses, etc. The seeds are chewed and applied to the sore. The green pods and seeds are used for food, and the whole plant for fodder.
P. adenanthus E. Meyer.
Herbaceous twiner. Leaves 3-fol., with stipels; flowers pink; pod 5-6 in. long and over ½ in. wide; seeds 12-16, almost circular, black.
Nubia; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.
The tuberous root is eaten in India.
P. vulgaris Linn. LUBIA KHADRA or LUBIA HAMRA—Arab. The Kidney, French, or Haricot Bean.
Climbing annual. Leaflets 3. Peduncles in pairs, 2-3-flowered; cor. white or lilac. Pod 5 in. long, straight.
Cultivated.
P. stenocarpus Harms.
Twiner with wiry stems. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 1½-2 in. long, glabrous. Flowers very small. Pods linear, falcate, 3 in. long, glabrous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land: Kulengo).
P. trilobus Ait.
Prostrate perennial. Leaves 3-fol.; leaflets deeply sinuate-lobate; stipules peltately attached; pod 1-1½ in. long, linear. Flowers 2-4 on 3-6 in. long peduncles, reddish.
Cultivated.
Yields pulse.
P. sp.
Leaves long-petiolate, trifoliolate; leaflets ovate, mucronate, 4-5 in. long, 2½-3 in. broad, laxly reticulate, minutely setulose. Flowers and fruits not seen.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab; in Sudd, Schwfth. 1133).
333Vigna incana Taub.
Undershrub, silky-tomentose all over. Leaves appearing after flowering. Peduncles elongate, 2-flowered. Flowers subsessile. Pod terete, silky.
Darfur Prov. (J. Kurku).
V. membranacea A. Rich.
Herbaceous twiner, thinly grey-silky. Leaflets 3, membranous, ovate-rhomboidal, up to 2½ in. long. Flowers 2-4 on slender flexuose peduncles, 1-2 in. long; cor. pink. Pod linear straight, subterete, 2½ in. long.
Nubia.
V. golungensis Baker.
Herbaceous twiner. Leaves trifol., with stipels; flowers yellow, 2-4 on 6-9 in. long peduncle.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk).
V. linearifolia Hutch.
Very slender twiner with wiry stems. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets subsessile, linear, acute, 3-4 in. long, ¼ in. broad, glabrous, with numerous strongly reticulate lateral nerves on each side. Flowers yellow. Pods spirally coiled when ripe, 2½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
V. vexillata Benth.
Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, rounded at base, apex cuspidate; flowers large, pink; keel beaked.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
V. sp.
Herbaceous climber. Leaflets 3, linear-lanceolate, about 3 in. long; corolla yellow, heavily streaked with purple.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
V. caerulea Baker.
Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, more or less hastate, sometimes darker coloured at the base; corolla deep blue, in pairs on peduncles 4-6 in. long. Pod linear, terete, 3 in. long, black when mature.
Mongalla Prov.
V. reticulata Hook. f.
Silky-hairy herbaceous climber. Leaflets 3, papery, with raised reticulate veins beneath, grey-hairy. Flowers reddish, 2-4 close together on 2-4 in. long peduncles. Pod linear, straight, terete, nearly 3 in. long, bristly, black when ripe.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
V. nilotica Hook. f.
Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, ovate-lanceolate; flowers yellow, about ¾ in. long, in close racemes on peduncles 3-5 in. long. Pod 2-3 in. long and ¼ in. broad, slightly curved, pendulous.
White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor near Talodi); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).
V. Kotschyi Schwfth.
Densely grey tomentose climber. Leaflets 3. Flowers reddish, 2-3 together on long or short peduncles from leafless branches.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango).
V. sinensis Endl. forma spontanea A. Brongn. LUBIA HELLU—Arab.
Annual subglabrous twiner. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, subpeltate. Leaflets 3, central roundish. Flowers yellow or reddish, in 6-12 fl. racemes on peduncles up to 1 ft. long Pod pendulous, 6-12 in. long; seeds red, white or black.
Nubia; cultivated on river banks and sagias.
V. luteola Benth.
Prostrate, trailing herb. Leaflets 3, oval to obovate, narrow at base, rounded at the apex; flowers yellow; pod 2-2½ in., broadly linear, subcylindrical.
Nubia.
334Voandzeia subterranea Thouars. ABU GAWI—Arab.
Herb. Leaves 3-foliolate; pod 1-seeded, ripens underground. Flowers 1-3 on flexuous peduncle which is at first only up to ½ in. long. Cor. yellow, often abortive.
Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Boma Plateau.
Boiled and eaten for food, but not of high value.
335Psophocarpus palustris Desv.
Herbaceous climber with lilac-coloured flowers and short 4-winged pods. Root tuberous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).
336Dolichos Lablab Linn. LUBIA—AFIN—Arab.
Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, broadly ovate-rhomboid; flowers usually purple; style bent, much laterally flattened, strongly bearded. Pod oblong up to 2 in. long and nearly 1 in. broad, 2-4 seeded.
Northern Sudan.
Cultivated largely as a fodder crop.
D. Schweinfurthii Harms.
Leafless or nearly so at time of flowering; stems erect, simple, about 1 ft. high. Leaves trifoliolate, subsessile; leaflets oblanceolate with 3 parallel nerves about 5 in. long, glabrous. Flowers in clusters, ¾ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
D. pseudo-pachyrhizus Harms. JEKORO—Golo.
Climber with a tuberous root which attains a length of 6-8 ft.; leaves 3-fol.; leaflets more or less lobed, 3-nerved at the base, up to 6 in. long and broad; very glabrous. Pods velvety, 4 in. long.
White Nile & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.
Commonly cultivated in tropics, the tuberous roots being eaten as a food, and a starch obtained therefrom. Both the tubers and the beans contain a poisonous resin which is an active fish poison.
In the Bahr El Ghazal the tuber is mixed with the sap of the Heglig and used as a substitute for soap.
D. splendens Welw.
Undershrub, 4 ft. high, stems densely grey-silky. Leaflets 3, densely grey-silky, tomentose beneath. Flowers in long lax, terminal racemes. Cor. bright red, 1 in. deep. Pod over 2 in. long, linear, recurved, grey downy, with ½ in. long style twisted at the base.
Mongalla Prov.
D. uniflorus Lam.
Twining perennial. Leaflets 3, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, glabrous; corolla yellow; pod over 2 in. long, flattened, with a long beak.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
D. biflorus Linn.
Erect, hairy herb, nearly allied to foregoing; flowers yellowish-white. Pod linear, nearly straight, 1¼ in. long, tipped with the persistent style.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (around Jur Ghattas).
An important food, fodder and green manure crop.
337Sphenostylis Schweinfurthii Harms.
Herb up to 6 ft. high. Leaflets 3, linear-lanceolate, emarginate, mucronate, 3½ in. long, ½ in. broad, glabrous, reticulate. Racemes head-like, axillary, few-flowered. Flowers yellow. Pod linear, pubescent.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).
S. stenocarpus Harms.
Herbaceous climber with 3-fol. leaves and red flowers, 1 in. long in 3-12 flowered racemes. Pod 4-5 in. long, hard, straight, sutures much thickened.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
338Adenodolichos macrothyrsus Harms.
Leaves opposite, trifoliolate; leaflets ovate-rhomboid subacute, rounded at the base, 4-6 in. long, 2½-3 in. broad, gland-dotted below. Flowers in loose panicles. Pods 2 cm. long, acuminate, crispate-pubescent; seeds black.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Gir).
339Cajanus indicus Spreng. ADS SUDANI—Arab. The “Dal” plant.
Erect shrubby plant, up to 8 ft. high. Leaves 3-fol., gland-dotted; flowers yellow or purple, in 2-8 flowered axillary racemes. Pod 2-3 in. long, ab. ½ in. broad, pubescent.
Northern Sudan; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).
Cultivated for its pulse, which is highly nutritious.
340Rhynchosia cyanosperma Benth.
Woody climber, rusty-pubescent when young. Leaflets 3, coriaceous, central roundish, 4-5 in. long. Racemes lax, 6-9 in. long, on woody peduncles. Cor. brick red or white. Pod equalling the calyx, oblong, grey-velvety.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika).
R. flavissima Hochst.
Herbaceous twiner. Leaves trifol., glabrous, gland-dotted, as in all this genus; flowers yellow, in lax 6-12 fl. racemes, 2-4 in. long on spreading peduncles. Pod ¾ in. long, narrowed to the base, glabrous.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Blue Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).
R. minima DC. EL TURBA (Hillet Abbas)—Arab.
Slender herbaceous twiner. Leaves small, 3-fol.; leaflets rhomboid to oval, obtuse, apiculate, black-dotted; flowers small, yellow; pods 2-seeded, slightly turgid.
Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (El Dueim & Hillet Abbas); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai); Mongalla Prov.
R. caribæa DC.
Herbaceous, grey pubescent twiner. Leaflets 3, central one broad ovate or subrhomboidal. Racemes lax, 2-6 in. long on short peduncles; cor. yellow. Pod ¾ in. long, under ½ in. broad, thinly grey silky when young, turgid.
White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel (Lat. 7° 37′ N.).
R. viscosa DC.
Semi-woody twiner. Leaves 3-fol., leaflets over 2 in. long, almost sessile, broadly ovate, subcordate or truncate at base, acute. Flowers yellow often heavily streaked with deep purple; pods 2 seeded; seeds with small aril.
Nubia; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Derago); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
R. (probably form of) viscosa DC.
Leaflets somewhat 3-lobed; flowers yellow, lightly striped with purple; pods viscous.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: Nasser).
R. Memnonia DC. RA’AFA or LUWEIS (N. Kordn.); WADĀN EL FĀR, BĀL & FARAH EL GUMRI (Khartoum)—Arab.
Grey-silky herbaceous climber. Leaflets 3, central nearly round, up to 1 in. across. Racemes 2-6 in. long, lax 6-20 flowered on short peduncles; cor. yellow. Pod ¾ in. pubescent.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (South, Abu Gerad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Nuer villages).
R. glutinosa Harms.
Stems branched from the base, about 2 ft. high, pubescent. Leaflets 3, broadly ovate, rounded at base, apex subacute, 1 in. long and broad, glandular and shortly pubescent below. Racemes few-flowered, 2 in. long; standard very striate. Pod 1 in. long, slightly pubescent.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Derago).
R. Schweinfurthii Harms.
Twiner. Leaves long-petiolate, trifoliolate; leaflets obovate-orbicular, shortly cuneate at the base, 1½ in. long and broad, rather densely covered with golden glands below but not pubescent. Racemes nearly sessile, axillary, few and dense-flowered; sepals very acuminate, ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).
R. teramnoides Harms.
Slender twiner. Leaves shortly petiolate, trifoliolate; leaflets lanceolate, acute 1-2 in. long, very minutely pubescent below, strongly reticulate. Flowers densely clustered in the leaf axils. Calyx silky pubescent. Pod curved, ¾ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: Sabbi).
R. resinosa Hochst.
Somewhat woody glandular and pubescent twiner. Leaflets 3, ovate-rhomboidal, 2-3 in. long and broad. Racemes 2-3 in. long on woody peduncles; cor. yellow. Pod ½ in. long enclosed in calyx.
Nubia.
R. ferruginea A. Rich. SINGĪD (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Herbaceous densely rusty-pubescent twiner. Leaflets 3, central broad ovate, 1½ in. long, mucronate. Racemes lax, exceeding the leaves; cor. yellow, veined with purple.
Fung Prov. (Harun); Kordofan Prov.
341Eriosema pulcherrimum Baker f.
Stem erect, herbaceous, 1 ft. high, covered with soft white hairs. Leaves simple, ovate, subcordate, 4-7 in. long, 2½-4 in. broad, silky hairy. Flowers in dense terminal racemes 2-4 in. long. Calyx villous. Pod villous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
E. holophyllum Baker fil.
Stem erect, rather woody, 1½ ft. high, pubescent. Leaves simple, ovate-lanceolate, rounded or cuneate at the base, 3½-6 in. long, finely pubescent. Flowers in subglobose terminal and axillary racemes. Pod oblong, villous, ⅔ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumba).
E. cajanoides Hook. fil.
Erect, branching shrub, up to 5 ft. high. Leaflets 3, central oblanceolate, 2-3 in. long, gland-dotted, as generally in this genus, fine grey pubescent beneath. Racemes 2-4 in. long on firm peduncles 1-2 in. long; cor. yellow. Pod over ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: by the Dogguru River, Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
E. macrostipulum Baker pl.
Stem herbaceous, up to 2 ft. high, pubescent. Leaflets 3, ovate, acute, base rounded, 2½-3½ in. long, 1¼-1¾ in. broad, softly pubescent. Stipules ¾ in. long. Flowers crowded in racemes up to 1½ in. long. Pod oblong, ½ in. long, villous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
E. sparsiflorum Baker fil.
Stem virgate, rather woody. Leaflets 3, narrowly oblong, 2-2½ in. long, acute, pubescent. Flowers in lax axillary racemes. Pod flat, 1½ in. long, pubescent.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
E. oblongum Benth.?
Stems branched, about 8 in. long, from a woody rhizome, densely hirsute. Leaflets 3, elliptic, rounded at the apex, 1¼ in. long, softly villous below, nervose. Racemes head-like, long-pedunculate, few-flowered. Pods 1 in. long, densely villous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Penyo).
E. linifolium Baker fil.
Stem erect, rather woody. Leaflets 3-5, very long, up to 7 in., narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, whitish pubescent below. Stipules nearly ½ in. long. Racemes terminal, lax, 2-6 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, & Niamniam-land, Bendo).
E. Schweinfurthii Baker fil.
Stem erect, herbaceous, 3-4 in. high, from a tuberous root. Leaves simple, subsessile, narrowly lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, up to ½ in. broad, grey canescent below. Stipules lanceolate, ½ in. long. Flowers closely racemose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
E. flemingioides Baker.
Shrub, densely yellowish-grey or rusty downy. Leaflets 3, central oblong 4-5 in. long, lower surface permanently grey downy. Racemes short stalked, fairly dense, 2-3 in. long; bracts scarious, in unexpanded heads concealing the flowers; cor. pale to deep red Pod ab. ¾ in. long, tawny.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Duggu); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
342Dalbergia Melanoxylon Guill. & Perr. BABANUS or EIBNUSA—Arab; ORŪM (Dilling) & KUNG (J. Eliri)—Nuba; FAITI & FUNITI—Bari; ERRIT (Goz El Siada), RED (Kenissa), RĒT (L. Powendael) and RĪT (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; RIT—Jur; BOKANGO or EBANOS—Golo; TARI—Hameg; LURR & GEL—Nuer; GIUOM—Burun.
Small to middle-sized tree of irregular growth; branches spiny. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 9-13, alternate; flowers white, sweet-scented; pods flat, indehiscent, mostly 1-seeded.
White Nile Prov. (Jebelein) & south of Lat. 13° N.
The timber is black like ebony, for which it is used as a substitute; good-sized and sound logs are, however, rare. It is difficult to work but takes a beautiful polish. It is resistant to insect pests, and is useful for cabinet making.
D. sp. (leaf only) No. 1295 S.G.H.
Tall, graceful tree. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets alternate.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Dilling).
D. sp. HURHAR—Arab (Pod only).
Tree.
Kordofan Prov. (Muriel L/160).
343Pterocarpus lucens Guill. & Perr. TARAYA—Arab; DIGDIG—Dinka & Jur; M’BOLO & GANA—Golo; IMMIRORA—Hameg; TIRMA—Bongo.
Tall and straight tree. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 3-7, alternate; flowers yellow, sweet-scented; pod indehiscent, disk-like, with a winged margin.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
The wood, which is yellowish white in colour and strong, works well. It is suited to carpentry, joinery and cabinet making. The bark, which contains a gum allied to “Kino,” is astringent, and is used for tanning and for dysentery. The leaves excite the appetite, and are a remedy for stomach troubles.
344Lonchocarpus laxiflorus Guill. & Perr. AMGINEIDILAD (Baggara) & KHASHKHASH AZRAK (Fung), K. EL SUGHUR & HARHAR (Baggara)—Arab; LAKUDI—Bari; ZIDI—Zande.
Small tree. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 5-7, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-oblong; flowers light-purple, monadelphous, in dense panicles. Pod 3-4 in. long, nearly ¾ in. broad, membranous, straight.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Darfur & Mongalla Provinces.
Wood, heavy, yellow. A very showy tree when in flower.
345Andira inermis H.B. & K.
Tree 20-30 ft. high. Leaflets 9-13, lanceolate, terminal obovate 2-3 in. long, subcoriaceous, glabrous. Flowers pink in pyramidal panicles up to 1 ft. long. Fruit plum-like, hard, 1½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
346Afrormosia laxiflora Harms. M’BANGA—Golo; M’BANGA & LEBBE—Bongo.
Middle-sized tree with imparipinnate leaves and inconspicuous greenish flowers, due to white petals falling off early. Leaflets 9-11, glabrous, coriaceous. Pods flat, thin, 4 in. long, with an intra-marginal nerve.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Jur).
The wood is dark and hard, and close grained: density 1.1 (sap-wood and 1.14 heart-wood). It is difficult to work, but takes a good polish. An excellent wood for cabinet making.
347Swartzia madagascariensis Desv.
Tree, 20-30 ft. high. Leaflets 9-11, alternate, oblong, coriaceous, 2-3 in. long. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered racemes; petal 1 only orbicular, silky on back. Pod up to 1 ft. long, up to ¾ in. thick, cylindrical, slightly furrowed.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
Wood very hard and heavy, density 1.08; difficult to work, and suited for piles and fences. The heart-wood is dark reddish brown, the sap-wood yellow. It takes a fine polish and makes handsome furniture, etc.
348Cordyla africana Lour. DONJIJUAK (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; BOLI, CHINYA & TINA—Golo.
Large tree with rough bark. Leaves gland-dotted, imparipinnate; leaflets 19-25 up to 2 in. long. Flowers in 6-12 flowered racemes, 1-2 in. long; petals 0; stamens numerous; filaments free or very slightly connate. Pod stalked at first, then yellow, pulpy, the size of a small lemon.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).
Yields a dark gum. The fruit is eaten.
SALICACEÆ.
349Salix Safsaf Forsk. SAFSAF—Arab; URU—Hameg. Willow.
Large riverside shrub. Leaves alt., lanceolate, usually 2-3 in. long, glabrous, sometimes villous when young. Infl. diœcious; catkins 1-2 in. long. Capsule rather broad and blunt; seeds silky hairy.
Atbara River; Nile below Khartoum; Blue Nile and tributaries; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).
The twigs are used for basket making. A black dye obtained from the leaves, is used for dyeing mats.
S. Murielii Skan. SAFSAF—Arab; URŪ—Hameg.
Riverside shrub. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1½-3 in. long, densely grey-silky hairy. Catkins 1-3 in. long. Capsule broadly ovoid without style.
Nubia (between Berber & Khartoum); Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar & Dinder).
S. Schweinfurthii Skan.
Young branches grey-tomentose, finally brown and glabrous. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, long acuminate, serrulate, up to 5 in. long. Catkins 1-2½ in. long. Capsule ovoid, beaked, nearly ¼ in. long.
Nubia; Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov.
MORACEÆ.
350Chlorophora excelsa Benth. & Hook. DORO—Kaliko.
Tall tree with milky juice, with bole clean up to 60 ft. Leaves alt., elliptic, acuminate, cordate, serrate-dentate, 6-7 in. long (shorter on old trees), tomentose, especially when young; pet. ½-1½ in. long. Infl. diœcious. Male fl. on catkin-like spikes up to 7 in. long; calyx 4-partite; sta. 4. Fem. fl. in globose or cylindrical spikes up to 2½ in. long; calyx segm. 4; ovary enclosed in calyx; style simple or unequally bifid. Fruit a fleshy syncarp.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).
Wood brownish yellow with lighter longitudinal lines, hard, but works well. A beautiful wood suitable for cabinet work.
351Dorstenia bicornis Schwfth.
Herb, 1 ft. high, from a creeping rhizome, pubescent on petioles, which are long for lower leaves. Leaves thin, elliptic to obovate or obcuneate, apex mucronulate, acute to acuminate, undulate to coarse-dentate, 4-5 in. long. Infl. monœcious solitary; fl. crowded on a foliform, lunately curved, stalked receptacle, ab. 1 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zariba).
D. psilurus Welw.
Herb, 1-2½ ft. high, from a creeping rhizome. Leaves polymorphic, varying from ovate-elliptic to 3- or several-lobed. Infl. solitary, long-stalked vertical; receptacle linear-lanceolate up to 1½ in. long passing above into an erect, linear appendage 2½-3½ in. long, slightly dilated at apex; base prolonged beyond the stalk forming an upward curving appendage, ½ in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
D. Walleri Hemsl.
Fleshy plant; stem simple from a disciform tuber, 8-16 in. high. Leaves crowded at top of stem, elliptic with unequal base, 2½-5½ in. long. Infl. solitary; stalk 1-2 in. long; receptacle stellate, 4-7 rayed, up to 1 in. diam.; rays ¾-3 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).
D. barnimiana Schwfth.
Stemless, tuberous herb. Leaves radical fleshy cordate to cordate-ovate, the ultimate leaf sometimes 3-sect, segments again 2-3 sect, many-toothed; pet. 6 in. long or more. Peduncles as long as petioles; receptacle green, vertical, linear to oblong, with a narrow margin and linear bracts, the terminal one the longest up to 1¼ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat; Khor Koki, near Matamma); Fung Prov. (J. Fazoghl, Famaka, Fazoghli).
var. tropæolifolia Rendle.
Smaller than above. Leaf solitary, peltate, roundish, 1 in. diam.; pet. under 2 in. long. Peduncle 2-4 in. long, bracts on receptacle ⅓-½ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat; left bank of Gendua River).
D. foetida var. obovata Engl.
Stems from a thick fleshy tuber; leaves on long slender petioles, elliptic, ovate or obovate, 1½ in. long, 1 in. broad. Infl. roundish, with 8-10 linear unequal arms about ⅙ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Katai Geraita).
D. palmata Engl.
Stemless herb, tuber roundish to broadly conical. Petioles 2-4 in. long; leaves glabrous, ovate-cordate, dentate or 3-7 sect, 3-4 in. long. Peduncle 2-4 in. long; erect, narrowly triangular, up to 1½ in. long; apical bract ¾ in. and 1-2 pairs of bracts from basal angles, ab. ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Wau, Jur Ghattas & Mangob).
352Ficus palmata Forsk.
Shrub or small tree with milky juice. Leaves alt. ovate-acuminate or ovate-orbicular and 3-5 lobed, scabrous, 2½-8 in. long. Receptacles axillary with 3 basal bracts and numerous others round the opening into the receptacle (ostiole).
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra; Abwo stream, 8,200 ft.).
F. Sycomorus Linn. GAMEIZ—Arab; FANTEIB—Hadendowa; N’GUHIN (Dilling), N’GWANI (J. Ghulfan), DULLAM (Tagele) & INDYEIK (Kadugli)—Nuba; NENSHA—Hameg; KELISHO—Bari; NAGAP (Kaka)—Dinka; NAP NGOF—Nuer; AWOLAM—Shilluk.
Very large tree. Leaves alt., suborbicular, 2-5 in. long, subentire, sometimes somewhat scabrous, 3-nerved at base. Receptacles (Figs) 1 in. diam., tomentose, in leafless panicles on older wood; basal bracts 2, ostiolar bracts numerous.
Found near running water, in most parts of the Sudan, Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Berber Prov. (Shendi & El Mesherif); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.
Wood soft, not durable, used for dug-out canoes and household utensils. Fruit edible. The wood was used by ancient Egyptians for mummy cases.
F. capensis Thunb. N’GAB (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; GASSE—Golo.
Shrub of small tree. Leaves oval, 3-nerved at base, 2½-9 in. long; pet. up to 3 in. long; stip. oblong-lanceolate, villous, caducous. Receptacles in leafless 1 ft. long panicles on old wood, each obovoid, up to 1 in. long; basal bracts 3; bracts round prominent ostiole numerous, hairy.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas).
Fruit edible.
F. Vallis-Choudæ Del.
Large tree. Leaves broadly ovate, 4-8 in. long, coarsely dentate; pet. 1-2½ in. long; stip. linear-lanceolate, ¾ in. long, deciduous. Receptacles 1¾ in. diam., axillary, solitary, pear-shaped; basal bracts small and caducous; ostiolar bracts numerous coriaceous.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando River).
F. gnaphalocarpa A. Rich.
Large tree. Leaves orbicular or ovate, cordate, 2-5 in. long, coriaceous, scabrous at times, obtusely serrate; pet. ¼-3 in. long; stip. subpersistent, lanceolate-acuminate. Receptacles axillary, solitary, tomentose, 1½ in. long; basal bracts 3 whorled or scattered over the receptacle; ostiolar bracts tomentose, ¼ in. long, horizontal across orifice and retrorse inside it.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
F. capreæfolia Del. GUEIR or SEYID—Arab; OBA—Hameg.
Riverside shrub. Leaves nearly all opposite, 3-dentate at apex, 1-4 in. long, scabrous; pet. ab. ¼ in. long; stipules paired, lanceolate, ¼ in. long. Receptacles axillary, solitary, ¾ in. diam., bracts 3-4, scattered on ½ in. long peduncle; ostiole open, bracts imbricate descending into the orifice.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the Atbara River near Matamma); between Matamma & Shendi; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad El Ghazal, Abu Haraz); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Upper White Nile Prov. (Fashoda); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba & River Sway, near Dukuttu, Mittu-land: Roah River).
Fruit edible.
F. urceolaris Welw.
Shrub or small tree. Leaves alt., unequally elliptic, caudate, 4-9 in. long, coarsely dentate; pet. ⅓-¾ in. long; stip. ovate, scabrous, ¼ in. long. Receptacles axillary 1-3 together on young shoots; basal bracts minute, scattered on peduncle. Ostiole large, bracts imbricate, mucilaginous, hyaline.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: on the Nabambisso River).
F. storthophylla Warb.
Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate-oblanceolate, caudate, 3-6 in. long, pinnately and laciniately lobed, scabrous; pet. ¼-½ in. long; stip. deciduous. Receptacles axillary 4 or 2 together, ¼ in. diam., subsessile with 2-3 basal bracts; ostiole large and slightly protruding, bracts numerous in and around the orifice.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Atoboru River).
F. sciarophylla Warb.
Shrub 8 ft. high. Leaves elliptic, coarsely lobulate, acuminate, 6-12 in. long, whitish villous when young; pet. 1-2 in. long or more; stip. oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long, glabrous. Receptacle not known.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Hoo).
F. salicifolia Vahl. UMSISI (Baggara)—Arab; TINGALIGALI (Kadugli)—Nuba.
Moderate-sized tree; bark light-brown. Leaves lanceolate, veins reticulate, strongly marked, usually 1-6 in. long; pet. ½-2½ in. long; stip. linear, 1 in. long, deciduous. Receptacles axillary crowded in pairs on short peduncles; basal bracts minute, deciduous; ostiole closed by bracts.
Blue Nile Prov. (Segeddi); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Kadugli, J. Daier); Darfur Prov.
F. ingens Miq.
Tree or shrub. Leaves ovate, cordate, 3-6 in. long, shining; pet. 1 in. long; stip. not known. Receptacles ⅓ in. diam., axillary, paired; basal bracts 2, coriaceous; ostiole closed by 3 imbricate bracts.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Talodi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dukuttu and Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
F. ingentoides Hutchinson.
Shrub or small tree, branchlets tomentose. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, rounded or subcordate at base, shortly acuminate, 2½-5 in. long, entire, thinly coriaceous; pet. ab. 1 in. long; stip. caducous, coriaceous. Receptacles axillary on old wood, ½ in. diam., basal bracts persistent; ostiolar bracts imbricate, visible outside.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, Mid Robo 8,300 ft.).
F. polita Vahl.
Tree 50 ft. high. Leaves ovate, caudate, 3-6 in. long, rounded or subcordate at base; pet. up to 4½ in. long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, caducous. Receptacles clustered on outgrowths on old wood, 1½ in. diam., wrinkled; basal bracts 3, triangular, ostiolar bracts retrorse inside orifice.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River, Mittu: Mvolo).
F. ovata Vahl.
Large tree with a wide crown. Leaves oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, 7-10 in. long, base rounded or cordate; pet. ab. 2 in. long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, caducous, 2 in. long. Receptacles in axillary pairs, 1-2 in. diam., enclosed when young by lid-like basal bracts; ostioles small; bracts all internal.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River & Mansilli River); Belgian Congo.
F. glumosa Del. TILT—Hadendowa; KWEYI (J. Eliri) & RREK (Kadugli) & FATAA (J. Daier)—Nuba; LAG—Dinka; GARI—Jur; KELA—Golo.
Small to large tree. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, subcordate, up to 6 in. long, subcoriaceous; pet. up to 2½ in. long; stip. caducous. Receptacles axillary, paired, ¼ in. diam., basal bracts small; ostiole small, prominent; bracts internal.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Fung Prov. (J. Juli, Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier, Kadugli & J. Ghulfan); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Dar Fertit).
The bark is used for tanning and the latex for making bird-lime. The fruit is eaten.
var. glaberrima Martelli. SĒMOK—Hadendowa.
More glabrous than above.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Wau).
In the Bahr El Ghazal Prov. the bark is used for tanning and also for making native cloth.
F. Thonningii Blume.
Tree 40 ft. high. Leaves obovate- or oblong-elliptic, 2-9 in. long, chartaceous; pet. ½-2½ in. long; stip. deciduous, lanceolate-acuminate, ½ in. long. Recept. axillary, paired, sessile, ¼ in. diam.; basal bracts 3, ovate; ostiole small, boss-like, bracts all internal.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando River).
F. populifolia Vahl. SHEIALA (Dilling)—Nuba.
Moderate-sized tree, with smooth yellowish bark. Leaves rotundate, cordate, acuminate, 2½-5 in. long; pet. 1½-3½ in. long; stip. caducous, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long. Recept. axillary, 2-4 together, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, minute; ostiolar bracts all included.
Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Roseires); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (rocky hills); Darfur Prov.
Fruit edible.
F. mittuensis Warb.
Differs from following by the prominent umbilical ostiole and the bifurcate midrib of the leaves.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu: Mvolo).
F. abutilifolia Miq.
Tree with light-red bark. Leaves broad-cordate, 3-8 in. long and broad; pet. 2-4 in. long, flattened horizontally; stip. caducous. Recept. axillary, in pairs, stipitate, ½ in. long, mottled; basal bracts, rim or cup-like; ostiolar bracts all included.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
F. vasta Forsk.
Large tree. Leaves broadly ovate, deeply cordate, 3-14 in. long, tomentose; petiole up to 5 in. long; stip. deciduous, 1-3 in. long. Recept. axillary 2-3 together, ½ in. diam., basal bracts connate at base, soon breaking from it; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts all included, 2 larger than the others.
Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Khor Harassa); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Khor River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill).
F. congensis Engl. KANGARU (J. Eliri)—Nuba; ADOT or ADIT—Jur.
Large tree. Leaves ovate-cordate, 5-8 in. long, coriaceous; pet. 1-3 in. long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, 1-2½ in. long. Receptacles axillary, in pairs, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, connate at base; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Guju, Jur: between Tonj & Wau, Bongo: Gir).
F. discifera Warb. KAURDAK (J. Daier)—Nuba.
Tree; leaf scars on branchlets disk- or horseshoe-shaped, ¼ in. diam. Leaves very broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, cordate, 4-8 in. long, 2-3½ in. wide; stip. caducous, lanceolate-acuminate, ⅓ in. long. Recept. probably axillary near ends of shoots ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts connate-saucer-shaped; ostiolar bracts included, 2 larger.
Nubia; between Gedaref & Abu Haraz (J. Arrang); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier).
F. platyphylla Del. KURUWANG (J. Eliri), TAL (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; KUBO—Bongo; KWEL (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; KUVU, FUNGU or WUNGO—Golo; KWAYA or PAYO—Jur; KOYO—Krej; ROKKO—Zande.
Very large tree. Leaves broadly elliptic, deep-cordate, 5-10 in. long; pet. 3-5 in. long; stip. deciduous, triangular, ⅓ in. long. Recept. axillary, 2-3 together, ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, connate at base; ostiolar bracts all included.
Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Singa & Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar); Sobat River; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka, Jur: Jur Ghattas, Mittu); Bahr El Jebel.
The latex yields a very resinous rubber of no commercial value. The Dinkas tap the tree and with the dried latex clean their brass ornaments. The bark is used for tanning and for making bark cloth and ropes.
F. iteophylla Miq.
Epiphyte or tree. Leaves oblanceolate, narrowing at each end, 1½-4 in. long; pet. 1-2 in. long; stip. deciduous lanceolate, small. Recept. axillary, crowded on young shoots, ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, caducous, leaving a saucer-like rim; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (Homra near Kadugli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
F. Dekdekena A. Rich. UMSISI (Kordn.) & SARDOL (Sennar)—Arab; NIHING (Dilling) & RREK (Kadugli)—Nuba; ARAKH & THARAT—Hameg.
Tree or epiphyte. Leaves oblanceolate, short-acuminate, undulate, 2-6 in. long; pet. up to 2½ in. long; stip. ovate-lanceolate, ¼ in. long, ciliate. Recept. axillary in pairs crowded on young shoots, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 3, connate at base; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included, 2 larger than rest.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Roseires); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor Ganna, near Dilling); Blue Nile Prov. (Sheikh Talha); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
F. Carica Linn. SHAGAR EL TIN—Arab. The Cultivated Fig.
It is said to yield a rubber.
Cultivated for its fruit.
353Antiaris sp.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Wau & Niamniam-land: Mt. Baginze).
354Treculia africana Decne.
Tall tree with milky juice and clear bole ⅔ its height. Leaves alt., elliptic, 3-8 in. long, coriaceous; pet. ¼-½ in. long; stip. caducous, lanceolate, ½-¾ in. long. Fl. diœcious, capitate in both sexes, arranged on outside of and densely surrounded by the bracts of the fleshy receptacle. Male heads axillary short stalked, globose 1-2 in. diam. Fruit a syncarp up to twice as large as a man’s head, yellowish outside when ripe.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near Kulenjo); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: near Assika & Yuru Rivers).
The seeds are extracted from the fruit, ground into a paste and cooked by frying in oil. The fruits are of great size, weighing from 13-18 lbs. It has been estimated that a fruit may contain 1,500 seeds, each about the size of a haricot bean.
URTICACEÆ.
355Fleurya æstuans Gaud.
Bright green, nettle-like monœcious herb, up to 4 or 6 ft. high. Leaves alt., ovate, dentate 2-6 in. long, base truncate or slightly cordate, 3-nerved, with appressed stiff hairs on both surfaces; pet. 1-10 in. long; stip, persistent, subulate, ab. ⅓ in. long. Infl. an axillary long-stalked panicle, longer than the leaf, the small clusters bisexual and male on the same panicle, rarely male on separate peduncles. Male fl. calyx 4-5 partite; sta. 4-5; fem. fl. per. 4-partite, 2 segments larger.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
356Urera sp. HINNAT EL ABELAIN (Sennar)—Arab.
Shrub, 6-8 ft. high, somewhat like a tall nettle in appearance.
Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Saoleil For., under shade).
The branches having large pith cavities are cut and used as rosaries on the West Coast.
357Bœhmeria platyphylla D. Don.
Shrub, 3-15 ft. high. Leaves mostly opp., broadly ovate, acuminate, cordate, coarsely toothed, 3-9 in. long, sparsely white-hispid above; pet. ½-6 in. long. Spikes axillary, longer than leaves, either simple with male and fem. fl., or branched with male fl. on some branches and both sexes on others.
Bahr El Ghazal (Niamniam-land).
var. ugandensis Rendle.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).
358Parietaria debilis Forst.
Small, almost translucent herb. Leaves subrotund, ⅓-1½ in. long, base 3-nerved; pet. shorter than blade. Fl. in sessile pairs of cymules in leaf-axils, polygamous, minute.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,700 ft.).
359Pouzolzia mixta Solms.
Monœcious shrub, young branches white-hairy. Leaves alt., ovate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long, densely hairy above, white-tomentose beneath; pet. under ¼ in. Fl. monœcious clustered in leaf-axils, fem. fl. solitary among the numerous males.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
360Forskohlea tenacissima Linn. LUSSAQ or NUSSAQ—Arab.
Herb, up to 2 ft., woody below, branches with spiny, hooked hairs. Leaves alt. obovate or rhomboid, crenate-serrate, ½-2 in. long, 3-nerved at base, hispid above and white-tomentose below; pet. ½ length of blade. Fl. monœcious embedded in wool within a campanulate involucre.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., Sallom); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan and other rocky hills).
The bark yields a strong fibre.
F. viridis Ehrenb.
Not unlike above. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, bluntly toothed, ½-4 in. long, only very sparsely hairy.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., Khor Tamanib); Khartoum Prov.
CANNABINACEÆ.
361Cannabis sativa Linn. HASHISH, KAMANGA & BANGO—Arab.
The common hemp.
Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov.
The cultivation of the hemp plant is forbidden in the Sudan. Such specimens as have been found cultivated surreptitiously in clearings in the forest have been devoid of the resinous excretion characteristic of the official drug.
CELASTRACEÆ.
362Gymnosporia senegalensis Lam. YO’OI or YOI—Arab; GIRGETTI—Rashida; DABALAB—Hadendowa; MEIRTEN (Dilling)—Nuba; SURREH—Bari; AKUWAT (L. Powendael)—Dinka; KWOICH—Nuer; GUMBOTO—Golo.
Spiny or (var. inermis) unarmed shrub. Leaves variable, from obovate to linear spathulate, coriaceous, entire or crenate. Flowers in axillary dichotomous cymes, small, greenish-white. Capsule size of a small pea, usually 2, sometimes 3-valved.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Blue Nile Prov. (near Kamlin); Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Mid zone to 8,000 ft.).
var. obovata Loes.
Blue Nile, White Nile, & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.
var. inermis A. Rich.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
var. spinosa Loes.
Kassala Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shellai).
The wood is close grained, hard and durable, it is often employed for angareb legs. The ashes are used as a substitute for salt in the Bahr El Ghazal, and the root bark for dysentery.
G. cf. G. senegalensis Lam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mt. Baginse).
G. sp. HAMASHINDI—Hadendowa.
Shrub with coarse, coriaceous leaves.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
363Elæodendron æthiopicum Oliv. var. Burkeanum Loes.
Small tree. Leaves rather coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, shining above. Flowers greenish-yellow in axillary pedunculate cymes or umbels. Ovary deeply immersed in broad angular disk, 2-3 celled. Fruit an ovoid, apiculate drupe.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
HIPPOCRATEACEÆ.
364Hippocratea cymosa De Wild & Dur. var. Schweinfurthiana Loes.
Climber. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic, crenulate, 2-2¾ in. long, leathery, reticulate. Flowers densely cymose. Fruits oblong-oblanceolate, about 1½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Zeriba Abu Gurun & Bongo-land: Biselli).
H. obtusifolia Roxb. LEVII (J. Eliri)—Nuba; M’KOMVE—Golo.
Woody climber. Leaves opposite, variable in shape and size, more or less crenate. Flowers in cymes, often forming terminal panicles, small, bisexual. Fruit 2 in. long, separating into 3 distinct flat coriaceous carpels; seeds 4, compressed, winged.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (by water courses); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-Ghattas).
365Salacia Ducis-Wurtembergiæ Hochst.
Shrub; branches with ashen bark. Leaves obovate, obtusely serrate, much reticulated. Panicles axillary, dichotomous; flowers small. Fruit baccate, 1-3 celled.
Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.
S. sp.
Leaves subopposite, oblong-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, about 6 in. long, 2 in. broad, thin, crenate; flowers not seen.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba near Nganye).
SALVADORACEÆ.
366Dobera Roxburghii Planch. MEIK—Hadendowa; MEIKAH—Arab.
Large, much branched tree, finely pubescent above. Leaves opp., simple, coriaceous, ovate or variable in shape, 2-3 in. long, thinly white-pubescent beneath. Fl. small, polygamous, in axillary panicles shorter than leaves; calyx 3-5 lobed; petals 4-5 free, st. 4-5, filaments monadelphous, ovary 1-celled.
Red Sea Prov. (Khors Ashat & Gateb); Dongola Prov. (Wadi El Merakh); Kordofan Prov.
The flowers and leaves are used to perfume water.
367Salvadora persica Linn. EL RAK, ARAKA & SHAU—Arab; KURREH & LUFARI—Bari; ASHWEL or KWUIL (Mongalla Prov.); ASHWAL (Renk), AGOWYAK-WYAK (Kaka) & AKIUL (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; PAU & KWIL—Nuer; OBAILOH—Shilluk. The Mustard tree.
Diffuse shrub or small tree, glabrous. Leaves opp. entire, coriaceous, oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. very small, greenish-white in panicles from ends of branches or axillary, 4-merous; st. free.
Throughout the Sudan.
The leaves when chewed taste like mustard. The twigs are extensively used by natives as tooth-brushes (called MISWAK in Arabic). The seeds yield a bright green oil. A decoction of the bark is used as a vesicant. The berries are eaten. The tree is said to yield a resin which is useful in manufacture of varnish.
OLACACEÆ.
368Ximenia americana Linn. KALTO, ALANKUWE, ABUKHAMEIRA, MIDEKA (Baggara)—Arab; EIL HĀSAL—Hadendowa; DILLUM (J. Daier), NALTI (Dilling), DUNGUR (J. Eliri) & TINDURE (Kadugli)—Nuba; MELAT—Dinka; ALEMA—Jur; ALIMU, KRUPU & RUPU—Golo; BIBI—Hameg; M’VOLO—Bongo.
Shrub, or more rarely small tree, armed with sharp spines. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, oval, 1-2 in. long. Flowers white, in short-stalked racemes; stamens 8-10; ovary 4-celled. Fruit a drupe, ab. 1 in. diam., yellow when ripe, acidulated, edible.