Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands).
Wood dark-red, very hard. Yields a kind of Gutta-Percha.
M. Kummel Bruce. NIANLALWEL—Dinka & Jur; PILI—Golo.
Middle-sized tree with dark bark and milky juice. Leaves alt., oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. in few-flowered axillary clusters, coated with brown tomentum; calyx ½ in. long, lobes 8, in 2 rows, cor. white, 24 lobes, 16 in outer and 8 in inner; sta. 8, staminodes 8, linear; fruit ellipsoid, glabrous, 1 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur. & Bongo-lands).
Wood pale brown, fairly hard, used for spear shafts. The fruit is the size of a cherry and is edible.
M. djurensis Engl.
Leaves scattered on slender shoots, obovate, obtusely acuminate, 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, glabrous. Fruit ovoid, slightly pubescent, girt with the persistent lanceolate sepals.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Jur & Bongo lands).
MYRSINACEÆ.
421Mæsa lanceolata Forsk.
Tree, 30 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, serrated. Fl. minute, white 5-merous, in axillary panicles 2-4 in. long. Fruit globose, crowned with persistent style and stigma.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).
M. sp.
Leaves obovate, cuneate at the base, 5 in. long, 2½ in. broad, repand-dentate, pubescent on the nerves. Racemes axillary, slender. Fl. white, very small.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Boddo River 7,690 Schwfth).
422Embelia nilotica Oliv.
Large tree; extremities rufous-hairy. Leaves alt., obovate, 3-4 in. long, glabrous above, hairy beneath, especially on the nerves. Racemes axillary, 1 in. long; fl. minute, whitish, 5-merous; fr. globose, small.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
LOGANIACEÆ.
423Mostuea Schweinfurthii Baker.
Shrub. Leaves opp., oblong, subsessile, 1-2 in. long; stip. interpetiolar oblong, brown, scarious. Cymes few-flowered, terminal enclosed in a pair of orbicular bracts, ½ in. long; fl. 5-merous; cor. white, with 10 yellow streaks in the tube, ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
424Nuxia dentata R. Br.
Small tree. Leaves opp. or verticillate, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, dentate, shining. Fl. small, greenish, 4-merous, in corymbose cymes.
Red Sea Prov. (below Erkowit, in rocky gully).
425Anthocleista nobilis G. Don.
Tree, 50-60 ft. Leaves opp., obovate, cuneate, 9-12 in. or, in young plants, up to 4 or 5 ft. long, crowded at ends of branches with pungent spines between them; petiole dilated at base. Cymes terminal; cor. white or dull-yellow; lobes about 16, each ½ in. long; st. as many. Fruit globose, 1 in. diam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River & Boddo River).
A. Schweinfurthii Gilg.
Tall tree. Leaves opp., oval, oblong to obovate-lanceolate, 6-20 in. long, coriaceous; petioles 2-3 in. long, auricled, connate. Cymes compound, 1 ft. long; cor. 1 in. long, lobes and stamens 9-11. Fr. obovoid-oblong, 1½ in. long.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole River).
426Strychnos penduliflora Baker.
Small tree. Leaves opp., oblong-lanceolate, 2 in. long, 3-nerved from base. Cymes many-flowered, pendulous; fl. 4-5-merous, minute, white. Fruit globose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau to Chak Chak).
S. innocua Del. UMBUKHEISA (Baggara) & HOG EL FIL (Bahr El Ghazal)—Arab; TINTUKUKI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; BOLOGU or PIGHADI—Golo.
Tree. Leaves opp., oblong or obovate-oblong, 2-4 in. long, nerved from base and 2 others above. Cymes few-fl. lateral; cor. white ¼ in. long, hairy at throat. Fruit size of an orange.
Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba on quartz); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Gir, & Jur Ghattas, and near Pongo River).
Fruit edible but very sour. Wood white, coarse.
S. xerophila Baker. ERG EL SAGGAT—Arab.
Small tree. Leaves opp., ovate or oblong, 3-4 in. long, 5-nerved from base, coriaceous. Cymes few-fl., lateral, sessile; cor. white, ⅓ in. long. Fruit size of an orange, edible.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land and Kutshuk Ali).
The burning bark is applied as a cautery to snake-bites. The root is pounded in water for the bath in case of fever.
S. spinosa Lam.
Shrub with hooked thorns from the nodes. Leaves opp., obovate or suborbicular, 2-3 in. long, 5-nerved from near base. Cymes short, dense, terminal; cor. greenish, small. Fruit size and colour of an orange, edible.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, between Deims & Atem River, & Jur Ghattas).
S. gracillima Gilg.
Shrub with hooked spines from the nodes. Leaves opp., ovate or oblong, 1 in. long, 3-nerved from base. Cymes dense, terminal; cor. white small. Fruit 2 in. diam.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Zubeir); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).
S. emarginata Baker.
Pubescent shrub with hooked thorns. Leaves opp., obovate, 1-2 in. long, emarginate with small mucro, glossy, 5-nerved from base. Cymes dense, terminal; fl. small. Fr. 2 in. diam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
S. sp.
Shrub. Leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminate, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad, 3-nerved, glabrous. Tendrils hook-like.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika River).
OLEACEÆ.
427Jasminum Schweinfurthii Gilg.
Scandent pubescent shrub. Leaves simple, opp., oblong, 1½-2 in. long. Fl. 1-3 on axillary and terminal pedicels; cor. white, lobes 6-7, lanceolate; tube 1 in. long; stamens 2 as in all this natural order. Fr. a berry.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Bor & south).
J. near J. pauciflorum Benth.
Shrub. Leaves opposite, simple, obovate, acuminate, 1½-2 in. long, pubescent. Flowers solitary, terminal, white, sweet smelling. Corolla tube ⅔ in. long, lobes 6-7, about ⅓ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
J. ternifolium Baker.
Shrub. Leaves simple, in whorls of 3, oblong or ovate, 1½-2 in. long. Fl. in dense panicled flat-topped cymes.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Sabbi).
J. Steudneri Schwfth.
Pubescent shrub. Leaves opp., lower simple, upper 3-fol., leaflets ovate. Cymes few-flowered, terminal and axillary; cor. tube ¾ in. long; lobes 5; berry small subglobose.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit Mts. near Suakin).
J. mauritianum Bojer.
Shrub. Leaves opp., 3-fol.; leaflets ovate, 2-3 in. long. Cymes terminal and axillary, panicled at ends of branches; cor. white; tube ¾-1 in. long; lobes 6-8. Berry small globose.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
J. floribundum R. Br.
Scandent shrub. Leaves opp. imparipinnate; leaflets 5, ovate. Cymes few-flowered, terminal and axillary; cor. white, fragrant; tube ab. ¾ in. long; lobes 5.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Red Sea Prov.
Nearly allied to the common Jasmine.
J. officinale Linn. HENDAMALAWE—Hadendowa; MILMILO—Rashida.
Scandent shrub. Leaves opp., trifoliolate; leaflets lanceolate, acute, 1-1½ in. long, glabrous; corolla tube ½ in. long; lobes ovate, acute. Berry 2-lobed, shining.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
428Olea Hochstetteri Baker.
Tall tree. Leaves opp., simple, oblong, 3-4 in. long, minutely cuspidate, subcoriaceous, glabrous, or nearly so beneath; petiole ½-¾ in. long. Fl. small, white in lateral and terminal racemes; cor. tube short; lobes 4, longer than the tube; st. 2. Fr. a drupe.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela).
O. europæa Linn. var. nubica Schwfth. ZEITUN—Arab; DADD’A—Hadendowa.
Stunted bush with congested or thinly lepidote branches, or small tree. Leaves orbicular or oblong, up to 2 in. long, glabrous or brownish-white scaly beneath, opp. Fl. and fr. not seen.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,700 ft.).
Wood hard, close grained. Considered by Schweinfurth to be the primitive stock of the cultivated Olive tree.
O. chrysophylla Lam. WAGRI—Rashida; DADD’A Hadendowa.
Tree with slender branchlets, extremities densely lepidote. Leaves lanceolate, 2-4 in. long, narrowed each end, glabrous above when mature, densely rufous-lepidote beneath. Panicles axillary, sparsely compound, 1-1½ in. long; cor. ⅛ in. long. Drupe globose, ¼ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8-10,000 ft.).
429Linociera nilotica Oliv.
Tall tree with a trunk 6-8 ft. in girth; branchlets glabrous, whitish. Leaves opp., simple, entire, oblong, 2-5 in. long; petiole ab. ½ in. Panicles lateral, 1-2 in. long; petals 4, small, nearly free; st. 2. Fr. a drupe.
(?Upper) White Nile; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit, Bongo and Niamniam lands); Mongalla Prov.
APOCYNACEÆ.
430Landolphia florida Benth. ABU KHAMIR & ALGULU-AR (Blue Nile)—Arab; SHANGYE (Dilling)—Nuba; MUNOH—Bongo; MANA—Dinka; BIH & IVI—Golo; BIH—Indogo; APWAMAH—Jur; SUSSI—Krej.
Very large woody climber, sometimes up to 3 ft. girth, with milky sap; tendrils long, branched. Leaves opp., simple, variable, usually elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 3-7 in. long, dark green and glossy above. Fl. in terminal, pubescent, dense corymbs; cor. white, with yellow throat, 5-lobed, variable in size, fragrant; st. 5, included, anthers linear-oblong. Fruit more or less globose, citron-like, yellow, up to 4 in. diam, pulp yellow.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Khor Koki); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Banks of Khors near Dilling); Upper White Nile Prov. (Upper Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
The latex yields a resinous rubber of no commercial value. Fruit globose, acidulous, edible.
var. leiantha Oliv.
Infl. more glabrous than in type.
Kassala Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
L. petersiana Dyer. var. Schweinfurthiana Stapf. DUNGO—Golo.
Scandent shrub, shoots rusty-tomentose when young, the terminal infl. acting as tendrils. Leaves opp., elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 3½-4½ in. long, coriaceous, loosely pubescent when young. Panicle, rachis and branches twining, the latter bearing clusters of sessile flowers; cor. white, fragrant, lobes 5 overlapping, ½-¾ in. long, tube ¼ in. Fr. globose, up to 2½ in. diam., finely velvety.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau to Pongo).
The latex yields an inferior rubber.
L. owariensis Beauv. var. tomentella Stapf. NGELEH—Bongo; ODILOH—Dinka; N’DALA & VANGA—Golo; ATILOB—Jur; WAWA—Krej.
Woody climber, with forked, hooked tendrils; young parts densely fulvous tomentose. Leaves oblong to elliptic, 2-3½ in. long. Panicles terminal pyramidal or ovoid; cor. white, turning brownish, tube ¼ in. long; lobes spreading or reflexed, ab. ⅙ in. long. Fr. globose 1-2½ in. diam., yellow mottled red, wrinkled.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
Yields the best Sudan rubber. Fruit sweet, edible.
431Clitandra Schweinfurthii Stapf. KOH—Golo & Indogo.
Climbing shrub. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, 2-3 in. long, coriaceous, shining above; veins conspicuous, raised. Cymes few-flowered axillary; cor. lobes white, overlapping, ¾ in. long; tube yellow, ⅓ in. Fr. globose, 2 in. diam., reddish-brown.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).
Latex sticky.
432Carissa edulis Vahl.
Spinous shrub, more or less glabrous. Leaves ovate, acute, 1½-3 in. long, ¾-1½ in. broad, glabrous. Cymes several-flowered. Corolla ½ in. long.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
var. tomentosa Stapf. AGAM—Rashida; HARNAB—Hadendowa; SIRKUKA—Bari; AFININ—Dinka; PELLE or TINDI—Golo; POPOGI & (the fruit) RINDICHWE—Zande.
Dense spinous shrub, spines opp., usually straight, 1-2 in. long. Leaves opp., usually ovate to ovate-elliptic, ¾-2 in. long, coriaceous, tomentose. Fl. in axillary or terminal clusters; cor. white or purple; lobes overlapping, up to ⅓ in. long; tube ½-¾ in. long. Berry globose, purple to black, ¼-½ in. diam.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Gardus forest); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd & Mongalla Prov.).
The bark is used as medicine in Bahr El Ghazal Prov. The fruit is similar to the damson plum, and is very agreeable in taste.
433Rauwolfia oxyphylla Stapf.
Tree 30-40 ft. Leaves oblanceolate, acutely acuminate, 6 in. long, 1½-2 in. broad, glabrous, with numerous lateral nerves. Cymes lax with very small flowers. Corolla tube ⅙ in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
R. vomitoria Afz.
Shrub or small tree, 20 ft. high, glabrous except infl.; young branches quadrangular. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, lanceolate to elliptic, more or less acuminate both ends, 3-7 in. long. Fl. in terminal or pseudo-axillary, much branched, umbellate cymes; cor. white, lobes ovate, small, tube ¼ in. long, hairy in the mouth. Fruit a simple or divaricate twin drupe; drupes free, ovoid, subapiculate, ab. ⅓ in. long, red.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika River).
434Pleiocarpa microcarpa Stapf.
Shrub or small tree. Leaves ternate, oblong, 4-7 in. long, glaucous below; petiole 4-6 in. long. Fl. in sessile axillary clusters; calyx minute, sepals ovate, obtuse. Fr. a berry, ellipsoid or obovoid.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole River).
435Alstonia congensis Engl. BIRR (Bahr El Ghazal Prov.)—Dinka; BANGI—Golo; MBADI—Zande.
Large tree. Leaves in whorls of 4-6, oblanceolate to obovate, cuneate, 4-7 in. long; nerves prominent, 30-40 on each side. Fl. white in terminal compound, whorled panicles, each of its branches having 2-3 tiers of whorled pseudo-umbels of 4-7 fl.; cor. tube nearly ½ in. long, lobes under ¼ in. long, contorted. Fr. of 2 follicles.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diamvonu Stream).
The wood is light, white, and soft. It is used for making native stools, furniture, war-drums and boats. The bark is reputed to be poisonous, but is used in Nigeria for medicinal purposes.
436Voacanga obtusa K. Sch.
Tall tree. Leaves opp., crowded at ends of branches, obovate to oblong, 4-9 in. long. Infl. racemed or umbelled, geminate from the branch-forks; calyx tubular, glandular; cor. white, fleshy, fragrant; tube ¾ in.; lobes 1 in. long, up to 1½ in. broad; anthers 5 sagittate. Berry globose, fleshy, 2 in. diam.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole River).
V. Schweinfurthii Stapf.
Glabrous shrub, 15 ft. high. Leaves opp., oblanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 5-8 in. long, papery. Inflorescences in pairs from the branch forks, few-flowered, umbelled; calyx tube subcampanulate glandular; cor. yellow; tube ½ in. long; lobes 5, obovate-oblique, 1 in. long. Berry ovoid, pulp yellow.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru River).
V. africana Stapf.
Small tree. Leaves variable, usually elliptic-oblong, 2-8 in. long, acute both ends, subcoriaceous. Infl. axillary, corymbose, many-flowered, peduncles often paired, nodose; calyx campanulate, glandular; lobes 5, reflexed when ripe; cor. cream-white, fragrant, tube twisted, under ½ in.; lobes ½-1 in. long, contorted; anthers acute, sagittate.
Mongalla Prov. (Above Bor).
437Conopharyngia penduliflora Stapf.
Shrub or small tree. Leaves opp., lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 4-8 in. long. Infl. racemose pseudo-axillary or terminal, pendulous, 6-8 flowered; cor. white, fragrant; tube fleshy, ½ in. long; lobes oblique; anthers conniving into a cone, sagittate; berry globose, fleshy.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru River).
C. Holstii Stapf.
Tall tree; bark at first dark green, later whitish. Leaves opp., oblong to elliptic-oblong, up to 10 in. long. Infl. corymbose; cor. white with yellow centre; tube fleshy, up to ½ in. diam. and 1 in. long; lobes oblong, overlapping, 1 in. or more; anthers ½ in. long, sagittate, conniving into a cone. Berry globose, blackish-brown, 4 in. diam.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
438Adenium speciosum Fenzl.
Fleshy arborescent shrub, ab. 4 ft. high; trunk up to 2-3 ft. thick at base. Leaves in spirals and terminal fascicles, oblanceolate or linear oblong, often emarginate, 2-4 in. long, appearing with the flowers, coriaceous. Fl. in paired racemes; calyx 5-lobed, ab. ⅓ in. long; cor. carmine; tube funnel-shaped, ab. 1 in. long with 5 hairy lines inside; lobes 5, ab. 1 in. long or shorter, spreading; anthers 5, sagittate, conniving at the top by long hairy appendages as long as the tube. Fr. 2 spindle-shaped follicles 5-7 in. long.
Fung Prov. (J. Akaro & Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Hedra, Rashad); Mongalla Prov.
A. Hongkel A. DC. SIM, SIM AHMAR or SHAGAR EL SIM (Baggara)—Arab; DAGARAG (Tagele), NARURAI (J. Eliri) & TUMU (Kadugli)—Nuba.
Stumpy arborescent shrub, 6-10 ft. high, with fleshy stem and branches, not unlike a miniature Baobab. Leaves appearing after the flowers, obovate-oblong, 3-4 in. long. Cymes 2-10 flowered; cor. carmine, much as above, somewhat smaller.
Nuba Mts. Prov (on rocks).
The juice is said to be used for poisoning arrows; hence its Arabic name.
A. obesum R. & S.
Arborescent shrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves oblanceolate, rounded and mucronulate at the tip, 3-4 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, puberulous below. Flowers on leafless branches. Corolla tube 1¼ in. long, pubescent.
Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra).
ASCLEPIADACEÆ.[4]
439Cryptolepis oblongifolia Schlechter.
Erect shrub. Leaves opp. or ternate, narrowly lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, ½-2 in. long. Cyme subaxillary, 3-16 flowered; cor. yellow, minute. Fr. 2 spindle-shaped, spreading follicles.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
C. sp.
Shrub 2-4 ft. Leaves lanceolate, acute, 1½ in. long, ⅓-⅔ in. broad, glabrous. Fruiting carpel divergent, 3 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land to West of Tonj River).
440Tacazzea venosa Decne. var. Martini N.E. Br.
Erect or twining shrub with milky juice. Leaves opp. or whorled, lanceolate, 2½-5 in. long, glabrous above, tomentose beneath. Panicles axillary, 1½-4 in. long; sepals minute, broadly elliptic; cor. lobed nearly to base; lobes oblong, ¼ in. long, overlapping; coronal lobes linear, divided ab. half way down into 2 filiform segments. Follicles 2, lanceolate 2-3 in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
T. apiculata Oliv. SHAG EL FIL, HALLEYU, ABU LEBBEN & ARKALA—Arab.
Woody twiner. Leaves opp., oblong or elliptic-oblong, 2-5 in. long, shortly pointed at apex, emarginate or cordate at base, whitish tomentose beneath. Panicles 2½-6 in. long; sepals minute, brick-red; cor. lobed nearly to base; lobes ¼ in. long; coronal lobes filiform, nearly ½ in. long. Follicles 2, horizontally diverging, lanceolate, tapering to a point, ab. 3 in. long.
Fung. Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Niamniam & Bongo-lands); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).
Yields a kind of Gutta-Percha.
T. sp. ARKALA—Arab.
Branches pubescent. Leaves oblong-elliptic, truncate, mucronate, 3 in. long, 2 in. broad, whitish pubescent below. Flowers not seen.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka).
441Raphionacme jurensis N.E. Br.
Procumbent trailing shrub, with puberulous branches. Leaves not seen. Flowers solitary or in pairs, grey-lilac; pedicels 3-5 in. long, puberulous. Corolla lobes ¼ in. long, thinly pubescent outside.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Jur & Wau Rivers).
R. sp. near R. jurensis N.E. Br.
Similar to above but erect from a long tuber, sometimes leafy at time of flowering. Leaves oblanceolate, 2 in. long, subacute. Corolla whitish green with 2 purple spots at base of each lobe; filaments purple.
Mongalla Prov. (Bor & southward).
442Omphalogonus calophyllus Baillon.
Glabrous twiner. Leaves ovate, rounded or widely cordate at the base, acutely acuminate, 3-6 in. long, 2-4½ in. broad, with 12-14 lateral nerves. Cymes axillary, few flowered. Calyx cupular, lobes 1/12 in. long. Corolla lobes elliptic, ⅓ in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
443Periploca aphylla Decne. MAGOK—Hadendowa.
Shrub with short, stiff, usually leafless branches, young shoots bearing oblong or linear-oblong leaves, ½ in. long. Cymes 5-20 flowered, terminal; cor. ½ in. diam., rotate; lobes ¼ in. with white hairs near margin; coronal lobes ¼ in. long, each with 2 wing-like keels; anthers connate at tip over the style. Follicles 2 spreading, 3-4 in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21°-22° L.N.).
The fibre is used in India for well-ropes, being considered impervious to the action of water. The flower-buds are eaten raw or cooked. The latex is applied to tumours and swellings.
P. linearifolia Dill. & Rich.
Shrub with whip-like branches. Leaves linear, acute, about 2 in. long and ⅙ in. broad, 1-nerved. Flowers in lax cymes. Corolla-lobes densely ciliate on the margins.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
444Secamone Schweinfurthii K. Schum.
Climbing shrub. Leaves opp., elliptic to orbicular, ⅓-1¼ in. long. Cymes 3-6 fld., axillary and terminal; cor. under ¼ in. diam., with minute coronal lobes. Foll. 2, spreading, glabrous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Kulongo).
445Podostelma Schimperi K. Schum.
Small woody shrub, sometimes twining. Leaves opp., thick, ovate or elliptic, ⅓-1 in. long. Cymes sessile, 2-6-fid.; cor. white or yellowish; lobes ⅓ in. long, overlapping; anthers winged, connivent round upper part of style. Foll. 2, lanceolate, 1½-2 in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Sinkat); between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Sarranib).
446Glossonema lineare Decne.
Slender annual, 6-15 in. high. Leaves opp., linear or lin.-lanceolate, ¾-2 in. long. Fl. solitary in 1 axil of the opp. leaves; cor. lobes ¼ in. long; corona minute. Foll. 2, linear-terete.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).
G. nubicum Decne.
Herb, 6-12 in. high, with white hairs on pet. and lower sides of leaves which are opp., linear or linear-lanceolate, ¾-5 in. long. Fl. 2-6 together, cymose; cor. white, ⅙ in. diam.; coronal lobes ovate, subulate. Foll. 2, 1½ in. long, echinate, lanceolate.
Khartoum Prov. (Baraka); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon & Tueir).
G. Boveanum Decne.
Herb, 3-10 in. high; stems white-hairy. Leaves opp., ovate or ovate-lanceolate, white-pubescent. Fl. 1-3 together sublateral, white, minute; coronal lobes 3-lobed, the middle one filiform; anther appendages reniform. Foll. 2, spiny, 1½ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Nubia (sea-coast to between 3,000 and 4,000 ft.).
447Solenostemma Argel Hayne. HARGAL—Arab.
Undershrub, 1½-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 1-1½ in. long, coriaceous. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, ab. 2 in. long; cor. white, tube minute, lobes ¼ in. long; corona cup-shaped; lobes 5, obtuse, concave-hooded. Foll. 1, 2 in. long, ¾ in. thick.
Sudan North; Kordofan Prov.
The leaves possess purgative properties.
448Oxystelma bornouense R. Br.
Slender herbaceous climber. Leaves opp. deltoid-ovate to lanceolate, cordate or hastate, 1-3 in. long, acuminate. Cymes axillary, long-peduncled, 2-3 fl.; cor. ab. 1 in. diam., mauve veined with purple, cup-shaped; lobes deltoid. Foll. 1, much inflated, ab. 2 in. long, ovoid-oblong.
Berber Prov. (Atbara: Shallalat); Blue Nile Prov. (mouth of Dinder); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (at Om Madeb); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo).
449Schizoglossum abyssinicum K. Schum.
Undershrub with slender whip-like stems from a woody rhizome. Leaves linear-acicular, 1½ in. long, slightly pubescent. Flowers fasciculate; pedicels ⅓ in. long, pubescent. Corolla-lobes linear-oblong, pubescent.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
S. angustissimum K. Schum.
Herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves opp. or whorled, linear, margins revolute, ¾-2½ in. long. Umbels 6-10 fl., numerous, sessile, lateral; cor. minute with long woolly hairs on margins of lobes; coronal lobes with bi- or trifid horns. Follicles 2.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gumango hill in Niamniam-land).
S. Petherickianum Oliv.
Hairy herb. Leaves opp. or whorled, oblong to ovate-lanceolate. Umbels numerous, lateral at nodes, sessile, 10-15 fl.; cor. minute, hairy; coronal lobe on inner face with an erect tooth and 2 decurrent keels.
Bahr El Jebel (Nyangara).
S. eximium N.E. Br.
Tall herb. Leaves opp., oblong-ovate, cordate, 1½-3 in. long. Umbels several, 6-10 fl., lateral or terminal; peduncles 1-2 in. long; cor. white, lobes campanulate, ¾ in. long; coronal lobes purple or purple brown, nearly ½ in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
S. sp.
Habit of S. abyssinicum, but pedicels much shorter and corolla-lobes longer.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
450Calotropis procera Ait. USHAR—Arab; BARAS—Hadendowa; OGUN or UBUN (Dilling), LAMBŪRI (J. Eliri) & KAUROK (Kadugli)—Nuba.
Shrub or small tree; youngest parts white-tomentose. Leaves opp., subsessile, ovate or elliptic, 2-12 in. long, cordate, glabrous. Fl. in lateral and terminal clusters of 3-10; cor. campanulate, ¾-1 in. diam., white, with purple-brown tips; coronal lobes ¼ in. long, truncate, with 2 lobes at top of each. Foll. 2, subglobose, spongy inside, 3-4 in. long.
Throughout the greater part of the Sudan.
The latex yield an inferior Gutta-Percha. The floss from the fruit is used for stuffing pillows. The bast fibre is strong and glossy but difficult to extract. The leaves are used for fermenting durra in the preparation of merissa. Almost every part of the plant is used as medicine. The latex is an irritant poison.
451Kanahia laniflora R. Br. ABU LEBBEN—Arab.
Riverside shrub, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2-6 in. long, with minute bristles in axils of nerves. Fl. on 1-2 in. long peduncles from the lateral nodes; cor. white, fragrant, campanulate, ¾ in. long; lobes ⅓ in. densely woolly; coronal lobes 5, fleshy with simple or bifid inflexed beaks. Foll. 2 lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 2 in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli: J. Araro); Upper White Nile Prov.
K. glaberrima N.E. Br.
Shrub, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves opp., linear-lanceolate, 2-6 in. long, with bristles in axils of nerves. Fl. in pedunculate several-flowered, umbel-like lateral racemes; cor. white; lobes ⅓ in. long, with white woolly hairs; coronal lobes deltoid-ovate, with linear-acuminate teeth at the tops. Foll. usually solitary, lanceolate, beaked, ab. 2 in. long.
Khartoum Prov. (Shambat: Banks of the Nile).
452Asclepias lineolata Schlechter.
Stout undershr. with fleshy roots, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate- to linear-oblong, 2-4½ in. long, cordate. Umbels 4-10 fl., lateral and terminal; cor. purplish, 1 in. diam.; lobes ½ in. long, ciliolate; coronal lobes purple, pointed, ridged between the anthers, which connive over the style. Follicles 2, inflated ellipsoid, 3-4 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land).
A. Schweinfurthii N.E. Br.
Stems 2 ft. or more. Leaves opp., lanceolate-ovate, cordate, 2-3½ in. long. Umbels 4-6 fl., lateral on peduncles up to 6 in. long; cor. rotate-campanulate, 1 in. diam.; lobes ½ in. long, fringed on one margin; corona ¼ in. long, winged. Foll. 2.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
A. semilunata N.E. Br.
Stems 2-5 ft. high. Leaves whorled below, opp. above, linear or lin.-lanceolate, 4-7 in. long. Umbels lateral on 1 in. long peduncles; cor. lobes ⅓-½ in. long, reflexed; corona toothed. Foll. half-moon shaped, 2½-3 in. long, inflated, echinate.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando).
A. flavida N.E. Br.
White-tomentose shrub, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., linear, 1½-3 in. long. Umbels 4-6 fl., lateral. Cor. white (?), lobes reflexed, ¼ in. long, fringed on one margin; corona dull purple. Foll. ellipsoid, bristly when young.
Red Sea Prov. (coast, 21° N.L.).
A. macrantha Hochst.
Stem 9-18 in. high. Leaves opp., lin.-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-10 in. long. Umbels 3-6 fl., lateral and terminal on peduncle 3-11 in. long; cor. scarlet or yellow, rotate; lobes ½ in. long; corona yellow. Foll. usually solitary, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Ibba River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
A. Phillipsiæ N.E. Br.
Woody, densely pubescent shrub. Leaves opp., linear, 1½-3½ in. long, margins very revolute. Umbels lateral, 3-6 fl.; peduncle ½-¾ in. long; cor. white, deeply-lobed; lobes ¼ in. long, reflexed, fringed on one margin; corona with 5 falcate teeth. 2 Foll., 2 in. long, lanceolate.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 7,200-9,000 ft.).
453Margaretta rosea Oliv.
Perennial herb, 12-18 in. high. Leaves opp., linear to lanceolate, acuminate, 2-5 in. long. Umbels 3-4 in a corymb at top of the stem, and sometimes one from the node below, each 7-16 fl., on peduncles ½-3 in. long; cor. lobes ⅙ in. long, erect; corona toothed. Foll. often solitary, ab. 3 in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
454Cynanchum polyanthum K. Schum.
Pubescent, fleshy twiner. Leaves opp., ovate, acute, cordate, 2-3½ in. long; petiole 1-2 in. long. Umbels 10-30 fl., compound, peduncle 1-1½ in. long; cor. lobes ¼ in. long; corona tubular half its length and with 5 entire or bifid teeth. Follicles 2 in. long, glabrous.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
455Sarcostemma viminale R. Br.
Succulent, almost leafless shrub with switch-like, sometimes twining shoots. Umbels many-flowered, lateral or terminal, sessile. Fl. small, greenish-white or yellow; corona double, minute. Foll. 2., lin.-lanceolate, 2½-4 in. long.
Nubia (Wadi Tui between Suakin & Berber); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
456Pentatropis cynanchoides R. Br.
Slender twiner. Leaves opp., oblong to ovate, ½-1½ in. long, fleshy. Umbels 3-6 fl., subaxillary; cor. purplish-green, 5-lobed; lobes linear from triangular base; corona with acute apex. 2 Foll., lanceolate, beaked 2-3 in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab near Suakin & Karora hills); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Barboi).
457Dæmia cordata R. Br.
Slender woody climber. Leaves opp., ovate to orbicular, cordate, tomentose on both sides, ½ to 1 in. long. Fl. in a corymb-like raceme, 1-2 in. long; cor. small, green; corona double. 2 Follicles 1½-2½ in. long, ovoid, beaked, echinate.
Nubian Coast; Kassala Prov. (Atbara: Goz Regeb on granite); Nuba Mts. Prov.
D. extensa R. Br.
Differs from above by more glabrous and larger (up to 5 in. long) leaves and also large raceme, 2-16 in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Soturba Mountains to near Karora); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan, Darfur, Upper White Nile (Renk), & Mongalla Provinces.
The stems yield a fibre. The plant is used in infantile diarrhœa, also as an emetic. The pulp of the fleshy leaves is used as a stimulating poultice for carbuncles.
458Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.
Woody twiner. Leaves opp., ovate to lanceolate, cuneate or cordate at base, ¾-3 in. long. Umbels subaxillary, many-flowered; cor. yellowish-white, minute, fleshy; coronal lobes fleshy, fringed. Follicles 2½-3½ in. long, lanceolate, beaked.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Jur Ghattas, Dar Fertit, Biri River).
The root is used for snake bite. The leaves, when chewed, are said to destroy the taste of sugar for twenty-four hours.
459Marsdenia spissa S. Moore. SHAGAR EL FIL (Fung)—Arab.
Woody climber. Leaves opp., ovate or elliptic-ovate acuminate 1½-4 in. long. Cymes many-flowered, lateral; cor. greenish-yellow, rotate-campanulate, ½ in. diam.; lobes ¼ in. long, tomentose; coronal lobes minute, fleshy. Follicles 3½ in. long, elongate-ovoid, with broad frill-like wings; seeds crowned with long silky hairs.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Jur).
Yields a fibre.
M. rubicunda N.E. Br. KNĀR (Kenissa)—Dinka.
Woody climber, young parts with salmon-red tomentum. Leaves opp., elliptic or elliptic-ovate, cordate, 1-3 in. long. Cor. ½ in. diam.; lobes rotate, 1/5 in. long, greenish; corona lobes subulate and bifid. Follicles 2, wings 4, crenate.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé and Meshra El Rek); Mongalla Prov.
460Leptadenia lancifolia Decne. ERG HABŪB EL KHEIL, or ABU LEBBEN or UMLEBEINA or MABLEBEN (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.
Woody, tomentose climber. Leaves opp., ovate to lanceolate or variable in shape, 1-5 in. long. Umbels many-flowered, lateral; cor. green, rotate, lobes under ¼ in. long; throat densely bearded with white hairs; coronal lobes fleshy, pointed. Follicles 2, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, glabrous.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. & Upper Nile Prov. (Dueim to Kodok); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gadein); Bahr El Jebel (up to Lake Albert).
The pounded roots, mixed with water are said to be given to horses and cattle for flatulency.
L. heterophylla Decne. LUWEIS—Arab; ASHENON (Kenissa)—Dinka.
Slender woody twiner. Leaves very variable from linear-hastate to oval, ¾-3 in. long. Umbels several-flowered, sub-axillary; cor. 2-2½ lines in diam.; corona lobes fleshy, tipped with hairs. Foll. 1, lanceolate, 2-3 in. long.
Fung Prov. northwards; Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).
L. Spartium Wight. MARAKH or MERAKH & ZA’ANSHERAB ELMI (N. Kordn.)—Arab; AGWAIT—Hadendowa.
Switch-like, green-stemmed, glaucous shrub, 5-10 ft. high, generally leafless. Umbels subaxillary, flowers developing successively; cor. yellow, 5-lobed, small; corona green, fleshy. Foll. 2, lin.-lanceolate, terete, 3-4 in. long.
North Sudan; Red Sea, Kassala & Kordofan Provinces.
Yields a valuable fibre but difficult of extraction. Good camel fodder.
461Ceropegia nilotica Kotschy.
Slender fleshy twiner with tuberous root. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, toothed towards apex, 1 in. long. Peduncles lateral, 2 flowered; cor. blackish-purple, yellow in throat, 1½ in. long; tube inflated at base; lobes connate at apex, ¼ in. long; corona double, inner yellowish.
Mongalla Prov. (Bari-land, Gondokoro).
C. racemosa N.E. Br.
Slender twiner. Leaves opp., lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Flowers solitary, ⅓-1 in. apart on racemes, which are 2-4 in. long; cor. tube ¾ in. long, hairy inside; lobes ½ in. long, connate at apex, fringed; corona ciliate, double, 5 outer with 10 teeth ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas).
C. stenantha K. Schum. AKEISH or AGASH (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; AKON (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; AGE (Meshra El Zeraf)—Shilluk.
Slender twiner. Leaves opp., lanceolate, 1-2½ in. long, ciliolate on margin. Cymes 3-6 fl., umbelled, sublateral; cor. greenish; tube ½ in. inflated below; lobes ½ in. linear, connate at tips; corona double, minute.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Jur Ghattas).
The leaves are acid and can be eaten as spinach. The tuber is said to be a good substitute for a potato.
462Brachystelma phyteumoides K. Schum.
Dwarf perennial; several stems, ab. 4 in. high, from a thick root stock. Leaves opp. linear, acuminate, ab. 2 in. long, nearly glabrous. Umbel terminal between a pair of leaves; cor. dark purple-brown; tubes short, lobes ¾ in. long; corona included in tube, very short, outer lobes bifid. Foll. fusiform.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; near Jur Ghattas).
463Echidnopsis nubica N.E. Br.
Leafless, succulent, obtusely 8-angled plant, angles tesselately divided into obtuse tubercles. Fl. fascicled near tips of the stems; cor. very small, 5-lobed, purple-brown, or purple-brown dotted on green; corona single. Follicles up to 4 in. long and ⅓ in. thick, purplish.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Suakin).
464Caralluma longidens N.E. Br.
Succulent branching 4-angled plant; branches attenuated upwards, 5-8 in. long; angles slightly toothed; teeth bearing fleshy, terete, deciduous leaves. Fl. solitary or 2 together along upper part of stem; cor. dark purple-brown; tube ¼-⅓ in. long; lobes ¼ in., ovate-lanceolate, glabrous; outer corona of 10 lin.-subulate teeth, ⅙ in. long, inner with 5 smaller teeth.
Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Laemeb).
C. vittata N.E. Br.
Succulent, glabrous, 4-angled plant, 6-8 in. high; angles slightly toothed; branches ⅓ to 1 in. thick, much attenuated upwards. Fl. 1-4 together, scattered on the terminal 2-4 in. of the branches; cor. tube whitish, streaked dark purple, ab. 1/7 in.; lobes ⅙ in. long, dark purple, glabrous; outer corona of 10 minute teeth.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. between sea level and 4,000 ft.).
C. retrospiciens N.E. Br. KAREIB—Hadendowa.
Succulent cactus-like plant, up to 3 ft. high, with ascending deeply 4-angled toothed branches, teeth broad, decurved. Umbels terminal or subterminal, several together forming a compound globose head up to 3 or 4 in. diam. Cor. 5-lobed, deep purplish-brown, tube ¼ in. long; lobes ¼ in., deltoid, fringed with dark hairs; outer corona with 5 pairs of teeth. Foll. ab. 6 in. long, linear, terete.
Kassala Prov. to Red Sea Prov.
465Huernia macrocarpa N.E. Br.
Succulent perennial; stems 3-4 in. high, subquadrangular, angles coarsely toothed, teeth fleshy, recurved spinescent at apex. Follicles in pairs, 5-6 in. long, narrow, acute or hooked at apex.
Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; Abu Gurun).
RUBIACEÆ.
466Sarcocephalus esculentus Afzel. KARMUDODA—Arab; DOMA—Zande.
Small tree. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, cordate, ab. 6 in. long, almost mucronate; stipules interpetiolar, as in many of this family, caducous, ovate, short. Flower heads orange-coloured, globose, crowded; pistils exserted.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
Yields a gum. The core of the flower-heads is eaten. Wood light yellow with darker markings, density 0.676. A yellow dye is obtained from the roots.
S. Russeggeri Kotschy. KARMUDOD’A (Baggara)—Arab; N’DU—Golo; DAMMA or DOMA—Zande.
Shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Flower-heads white, sweet-scented, globose. Leaves usually broadly elliptical.
Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Korarak); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Niamniam-land).
The core of the flower-heads is eaten, but in excess acts as an emetic. The wood, which is of a red colour, is used by the Niamniams for the manufacture of curious oracles, consisting of two pieces of wood, flattened and polished, which may or may not adhere together after being wetted. The root is said to be a fine bitter tonic.
467Adina microcephala Hiern. MISTIKA or MISHKA (Medani, Fung Prov.)—Arab.
Moderate-sized tree. Leaves lanceolate, in whorls of 4, 4-6 in. long. Flowers compact on a globose, bracteolate receptacle. Seeds winged at each end.
Fung Prov. (Singa & Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).
468Mitragyne macrophylla Hiern.
Moderate-sized tree. Leaves elliptical, often broadly so. Flowering heads globose, cymosely arranged or umbellate. Fruit dicoccous; seeds winged both ends.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land & Jur-land).
The wood is used for making canoes, furniture and for housebuilding on the West Coast.
M. africana Korth. YO?—Arab; ANGOTO—Dinka; N’DUNGO—Golo; BIAMA—Jur; LAO—Nuer; KOFOKOFO—Zande?
Moderate-sized to fairly large tree, growing not far from water. Leaves ovate-elliptical, more or less cordate. Flower-heads globose, solitary, 1 in. diam.; cor. white, turning yellow. Seeds 2-winged.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab & Wau).
Wood white, rather soft, density 0.560, used for carving and in cabinet work; known as African Lime.
469Hymenodictyon Kurria Hochst.
Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate to oval, 3-8 in. long. opposite; interpet. stipules ovate-oblong, ½ in. long, deciduous. Inflorescence spicate, 7 in. long. Bracts opposite, elliptical, marcescent, ab. 2 in. long on 1 in. long stalks.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: summit of Mt. Baginse).
H. scabrum Stapf.
A small scabrid shrub. Leaves obovate, 3 in. long, 1½ in. broad, scabrid on the nerves below. Flowers not seen. Fruits narrowly ellipsoid, ¾ in. long, prominently lenticellate. Bahr El Jebel (Bari & Madi).
470Crossopteryx Kotschyana Fenzl. DARITAR—Dinka; M’BILI or TIRI—Golo; AKOS—Jur.
Small tree. Leaves coriaceous, elliptical, 1-8 in. long; stip. deltoid, acuminate. Flowers cream-coloured or pink, fragrant, in dense corymbose panicles. Capsule 2-celled, globose, crustaceous, ab. ¼ in. diam.; seeds peltate.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Niamniam & Bongo lands); Uganda (Nile Prov.).
471Pentas carnea Benth.
Shrubby, 1-2 ft. high, harshly pallid-puberulous. Leaves ovate-oblong to lanceolate-oblong, 1-6 in. long; stip. multipartite, subulate. Cymes usually dense, 1-3 in. in diameter. Cor. purplish, hairy at throat. Capsule 2-celled, coriaceous, many seeded.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
P. arvensis Hiern.
Rambling perennial, 2 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, elliptic-lanceolate. Cymes 1-3 in. across; cor. white with purple throat, which is hairy.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land).
P. Schweinfurthii Scott Elliot.
Herb. Leaves ovate-elliptic, acute, 4½ in. long, 2 in. broad, with numerous densely pubescent lateral nerves. Flowers light mauve, in paniculate clusters.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
472Otomeria madiensis Oliv.
Somewhat shrubby perennial, up to ab. 3 ft. high, hairy. Interpet. stipules sheathing, each with 3 subulate teeth. Leaves elliptical, hairy on veins, opposite. Spikes terminal, simple or branched, 1 ft. long; flowers 1 in. long, pink; cor. tube hairy. Capsule ¼ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
473Oldenlandia grandiflora Hiern.
Herb, up to 4 ft. high. Flowers crimson, mostly tetramerous in this genus, corymbose; cor. salver-shaped. Fruit subglobose, crowned with calyx teeth. Leaves opposite, upper sometimes needle-shaped, lower narrow-lanceolate; stipules sheathing, short, 2-3 pointed.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Um Sutt); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).
O. senegalensis Hiern.
Herb, up to 3 ft. high. Flowers white or pink, paniculately cymose; cor. salver-shaped, tube slender, glabrous. Leaves narrow-lanceolate. Fruit as above.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Mongalla Prov. (Bari-country).
O. Schimperi T. Anders.
Annual, 1-3 ft. high, glandular-scabrous; branches virgate. Leaves linear; stipules 1-3 pointed. Flowers in terminal corymbose cymes; cor. salver-shaped, tube much longer than calyx. Capsule subglobose.
Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).
O. virgata DC.
Switch-like herb, 2 in. to 2 ft. high. Leaves linear, curled margins; stipules with 2-3 bristly points. Flowers panicled; cor. cylindrical or salver-shape. Fruit sub-globose.
Kordofan Prov. (Tueir); Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.
O. Welwitschii Hiern.
Small herb with white tubular, cruciform flowers.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Dongonab).
O. strumosa Hiern.
Herb, up to 18 in. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Cymes corymbose, terminal; cor. salver-shaped, tube much longer than calyx. Fruit subglobose.
Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); Kordofan Prov.
O. lancifolia Schwfth.
Herb with linear-lanceolate leaves. Flowers small, axillary, solitary; cor. not longer than calyx. Capsule furrowed, compressed-globose.
Blue Nile Prov. (near Lakanda); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
O. macrophylla DC.
Aquatic or marsh herb. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, up to 3 in. long. Flowers white or pale blue, pentamerous, in racemose or panicled cymes. Capsule minute.
Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
O. trinervia Retz.
Weak, slightly hairy annual. Leaves broadly ovate or rotundate, tapering to 3-nerved base. Flowers in small clusters on short peduncles, tetramerous; cor. length of the calyx. Capsule hirsute, globose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
O. corymbosa Linn.
Erect or ascending annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves sessile, linear, or apiculate. Stipules short, pectinate. Flowers usually in pairs, on filiform peduncles. Corolla white.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands, Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
A decoction of the root is used in bilious fevers.
O. octodon A. Rich.
Low, straggly herb. Leaves linear, acute, about ½ in. long, Flowers very small, clustered and sessile at the nodes. Calyx lobes setose.
Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau & Nianniam-land).
O. capensis Linn.
Herb, 4-9 in. high; branches 4-angled. Leaves narrow-linear, revolute. Peduncles 2 to several together, 1-flowered, axillary or terminal; cor. white, slightly longer than calyx. Capsule minute, 4-ribbed.
Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
O. wauensis Schwfth.
Glabrous herb, 1 ft. high; branches with 4 raised lines. Leaves linear; stipules sheathing, with many bristles. Flowers mostly pentamerous, in pairs, small. Capsule coriaceous, oblong, small.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau River).
O. Heynei Oliv.
Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Lower flowers solitary, upper in a paniculate cyme. Cor. salver-shaped; tube slender, glabrous within, twice the length of calyx. Fruit subglobose.
Fung Prov. (Roseires); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land).
O. effusa Oliv.
Tall herb. Leaves narrow-linear, revolute. Flowers 4-merous, lilac, in paniculate cymes. Fruit globose.
Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa).
O. cf. O. effusa Oliv.
Almost leafless herb with weak branches. Flowers pale red outside; corolla very slender, ¾ in. long, with 4 linear very acute lobes, fruits 1/10 in. long.
Kordofan Prov. (Um Dam, 1,245 S.G.H.).
O. sp.
Leafy much-branched herb. Leaves linear-oblanceolate acute, 1½ in. long, shortly pubescent. Corolla ¼ in. long, with 4 short obtuse lobes.
Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé, 1,648 S.G.H.).
O. noctiflora Hiern.
Glabrous annual. Leaves linear. Flowers white, opening at night.
Red Sea Prov.
O. hedyotoides Boiss.
Herb, 6 in. to 1 ft. high. Leaves linear-oval. Flowers minute, clustered in axils of the leaves; cor. white. Capsule coriaceous, 4-ribbed.
Blue Nile, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.
O. dolichantha Stapf.
Slender herb with subsimple stems. Leaves lanceolate, acute, sessile, about 1¾ in. long, glabrous. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Corolla very long, up to 5 in. long, very slender.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
474Mussænda luteola Del.
Shrub. One lobe of calyx enlarged into a yellow leaf. Cor. 5-lobed, yellow, fragrant.